Anatomy of the

Heart Video

Heart Shapeand Make-up

• Nine (9) inches long x three (3) inches wide. – Size of a fist– Triangular

• Involuntary striated muscle tissue – Only found in this organ.

• Beats 60-100 times per minute– 2.5 billion times during an average lifespan.

Heart Location• Base--attached to several large blood

vessels and lies beneath the second rib. • Apex—

– at the fifth intercostal space– Points towards the left

• Located within the mediastinum, bordered laterally by the lungs, posterior is the backbone, and anterior is the sternum

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Humhrt2.jpg

Pericardial Cavity• Pericardium

– Located between the parietal and visceral layers

• Fluid filled sack that surrounds the heart– Pericardial fluid – Several functions

• Keeps the heart contained in the chest cavity• Prevents the heart from over expanding when

blood volume increases• Prevents friction (rubbing with beats)

Pericardium

Layers

• Made up of three (3) distinct layers:

• Outer epicardium • Myocardium• Inner endocardium

Epicardium

• Corresponds to the visceral pericardium. • Functions as an outer protective layer. • Serous membrane that consists of

connective tissue covered by epithelium. • Includes blood capillaries, lymph

capillaries, and nerve fibers.

Myocardium

• Relatively thick. • Consists largely of cardiac muscle tissue

responsible for forcing blood out of the heart chambers.

• Muscle fibers are arranged in planes, separated by connective tissues that are richly supplied with blood capillaries, and nerve fibers.

Endocardium

• Consists of epithelial and connective tissue that contains many elastic and collagenous fibers.

• Connective tissue also contains blood vessels and some specialized cardiacmuscle fibers called Purkinje fibers.

• Lines all of the heart chambers and covers heart valves.

• Is continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels--endothelium.

READHandout

Anatomy of the

Heart Tuesday

Vena Cava• Superior Vena Cava

– Bringing de-oxygenated blood • Upper body to the right atrium of the heart

• Inferior Vena Cava– Bringing de-oxygenated blood

• Lower body to the right atrium of the heart

Chambers• Atria

– Two chambers at the top– Right

• Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

– Left• It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary

veins

Chambers• Ventricles

– Two chambers at the bottom– Right

• It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium

– Left• It receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium

– Video

Video

Coronary Arteries• Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart

muscle– oxygen-rich blood to function– oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away– consist of two main arteries

• the right and left coronary arteries.

Valves• Tricuspid

– valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.

• Pulmonary – valve is between the right ventricle and the

pulmonary artery.

Valves• Mitral (Bicuspid)

– valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.

• Aortic – valve is between the left ventricle and the

aorta. • Each valve has a set of flaps (also called leaflets

or cusps). When working properly, the heart valves open and close fully.

Vessel Valves• Pulmonary Valve

– semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.

• Aortic Valve – It lies between the left ventricle and the aorta– video

Repair of Tricuspid Valve

video

READHandout

Anatomy of the

Heart Wednesday

Importance of Coronary Arteries• Coronary artery disorder or disease

– Reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart• leads to a heart attack and possibly death.• Video

– Atherosclerosis (a build-up of plaque in the inner lining of an artery causing it to narrow or become blocked) is the most common cause of heart disease.

Vessels• Video• Superior Vena Cava• Inferior Vena Cava• Aorta• Pulmonary Artery• Pulmonary Vein

Aorta• Largest single blood vessel in the body

– diameter of your thumb– carries oxygen-rich blood from the left

ventricle to the various parts of the body• Aortic Arch

– Top curve of the aorta

READHandout

Anatomy of the

Heart Thursday

Pulmonary Artery• Vessel transporting de-oxygenated blood

from the right ventricle to the lungs• A common misconception is that all

arteries carry oxygen-rich blood– It is more appropriate to classify arteries as

vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Pulmonary Vein• Vessel transporting oxygen-rich blood

from the lungs to the left atrium• A common misconception is that all

veins carry de-oxygenated blood it is more appropriate to classify veins as

vessels carrying blood to the heartVideo-blood flowVideo

• video

Oxygen Exchange

Entire Cycle

• video- blood flow• Lyrics

READHandout