anatomy of the female reproductive system renmin hospital of wuhan university department of...
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Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
Renmin Hospital of Wuhan university Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Luo Ruoyu
External genitalia, Vulvamons pubis
labium majus
labium minus
clitoris
• The round ligament terminate at its anterior third;contain sebaceous glands,sweat glands and hair follicles
• Be richly supplied with venous plexus and vessels which may produce hematoma
• Contain numerous nerve endings
• Erection function
• Be richly supplied with nerves,which produce sexual excitement
vaginal vestibule
secretes mucus during sexual activity,becomes cysto or abscess when the duct is blocked
varying size and shape,the hymen is usually ruptured at the first sexual experience
congenital imperforate hymen
paraurethral gland,early be infected
• major vestibular gland
• hymen
• urethral orifice
External genitalia, Vulva
internal genitalia
vagina
uterus
fallopian tube, oviduct
ovary
uterine adnexa
internal genitalia
internal genitalia
internal genitalia
internal genitalia
vaginafunction
position and shape
structure
• sex
• the way of menstruation
• soft birth canal
• canal,shorter anterior and longer posterior,enough distensibility
• fornix are formed at the top of vagina due to the projection of the uterine cervix,the posterior one is the deepest, and often be used as drainage point
• mucous coat muscular layer fibrous coat
mucosa: squamous epithelium, having no glands
uterus
function• pregnancy
• form menstruation
• soft birth canal
Isthmus (1m)
position and shape situated in the pelvis between the bladder in front and the rectum
behind
inverted-pear-shaped , 7cm long , 5cm wide , 3cm thick , volume 5mL
parts : fundus 、 body and cervix,its walls are about 1cm thick ,when pregnancy,the uterus becomes larger,even reach below the xiphoid process
Histological internal os
Anatomical internal os
uterus
fundus
cavity
body
isthmus
cervical canal
external os
vagina
vagina fornix
coronal section sagittal section
anatomical internal os
histological internal os
supravaginal portion
portion vaginalis
Different parts of uterus
structure
ligament
• endometrium : functional layer and basal layer
• body : 3 layers muscle fibres
• cervix : fibrous connective tissues + smooth muscle fibres
round ligament broad ligament cardinal ligament utero-sacral ligament
fallopian tube, oviduct function
fertilization place convey to zygote nutrition zygote
position and shape paired structions,measuring about 8~14cm long slender muscular tube,one opening communicating with
the lateral angle of the uterus,the lateral part is free
structure parts : interstitial portion 、 isthmic
portion 、 ampulla 、 fimbria
ovary function reproduction : germ cell maturation,storage and
release
endocrine : steroidogenesis
position and shape oval in shape , volume 4×3×1cm3
structures
germinal epithelium
medulla
cortex
ovary
preantral follicle
germinal epithelium
antral follicle
medulla
mature follicle
ovum
primordial follicles
vasa
corpus albicans
corpus luteum
histological structures of the ovary
vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves
vasa uterine arteries : supply uterus and surrounding notice the relationship between ureter ovarian veins : pelvic venous congestion syndrome
lymphatics
nerves
vulva : motor nerve and sensory nerve
internal genitalia : sympathetic nerve and
parasympathetic nerve
vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves
uterus
cervix
oviduct
ovarian vein
ovarian arteryureter
uterine artery
uterine vein
uterine arteriovenous and ovarian artery and vein
vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves
vasa 、 lymphatics and nerves
pelvis
• support trunk
• protect viscera
• bony birth canal
function
parts
• bones os sacrum promontory os coccyx os ilium os coxae(2) os ischium os publis• joints public symphysis
sacro-iliac joint
sacro-coccygeal joint
• ligament
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrospinous ligament
pelvis
pelvis
pelvis
pelvis
pelvis
pelvis boundariessuperior border of public symphysis - lliopublic
edge - superior border of
promontory , divided the pelvis into
inlet true pelvis outlet cavity
• false pelvis (large pelvis) : assess the pelvis preliminarily
• true pelvis (small pelvis) : bony birth canal
types of pelvis
• gynecoid type transverse of inlet > anteroposterior intertuberal diameter > 10cm
• platypeloid type transverse < anteroposterior
• anthropoid type anteroposterior > transverse
• android type funnel-shaped , angle of public arch <
900
pelvic floor
contain multiple layers of muscle and fascia
3 layers :
perineum : soft tissue between vaginal orifice and anus
• superficial layer : superficial muscles and fascia
• middle layer : superior and inferior fascia and muscles between them
• inner layer : pelvic diaphragm , levator ani muscle
near organs
urethra : short but straight,about 4 ~ 5cm,easy be
infected
bladder : may prolepses in old female,easy be hurt during
operation
ureter : notice the relationship with uterine arteries
rectum : may prolepses in old female
appendix : distinguish with adnexal disease