Thoracic Cavity:

Pleurae & Lungs

Thoracic Cavity

3 parts

2 pulmonary: (lat.)

lungs & pleurae (?)

Mediastinum: (central)

Heart & other str. (??)

Pleura

Fluid filled sac that surrounds the lung

Fxn.:

friction between ?? & ??

* As when you push your fist in fluid filled baloon

Compartments of Pleura

2 continuous memb. &

a cavity in between

- Visceral Pleura:

covers the lungs & follow its curves

- Parietal Pleura:

lines thoracic wall,

mediastinum & ??

- Pleural Cavity:

space between ??

contains fluid (why?)

Pleural Surfaces

- Costal surface

opposite to ribs & intercostal m.

- Mediastinal surface

opposite to mediastinum (med.)

- Diaphragmatic surface

opposite to ??

- Cervical pleura

extends into the neck

(2-3 cm above clavicle)

Pleural ReflectionsCurvatures between pleural surfaces

- Sternal Ref.

Sharp, ant. between ??

- Costal Ref.

Sharp, inf. between ??

- Vertebral

rounded, post. between ??

Pleural Recesses

Recess: Deep space created by pleural reflections

Costodiaphragmatic Recess:

space between costal & diaphragmatic surfaces of the pleura

Costomediastinal Recess:

space between costal & mediastinal surfaces

* larger in Lf. side

Neurovascular Supply to The Pleura

Parietal: (very sensitive)

Follows thoracic wall Intercostal VAN

Diaphragmatic:

musculophrenic a.

Phrenic n.

Visceral: Follows the lung Bronchial a. & V.

* No innervation insensitive

Abnormalities in Pleural Cavity

Pneumothorax: ??? in pleural cavity

from: penetrating wounds (fractured rib)

Hemothorax: ??? In pleural cavity

from: inj. To intercostal vessel

Chylothorax: ??? in pleural cavity

from: inj. To thoracic duct

partial lung collapse & impaired respiration

Rx.: Thoracocentesis

Thoracocentesis

The Lungs

The vital organ of respiration

Fxn.: oxygenation of bld.

Appearance ??

Each lung have:Apex:extends into ??

3 surfaces:costal, mediast., diaphragm.

3 borders:ant., post., inf.

Right Lung

Larger than left lung

Divides into 3 lobes:

sup., middle, inf.

in between lobes 2 fissures:

Oblique fissure:

6th CC (ant.) T2 (post.)

Horizontal fissure:

4th CC (ant.)

oblique fissure at ??

Left Lung

Smaller than Rt. Because ??

2 lobes:

Sup., inf.

1 fissure:

Oblique fissure

Ant. Border:

Cardiac Notch

Lingula

(beneath the notch)

Root & Hilum of The Lung

On Medial Surface

Root:

Str. that enter or leave the lung

Hilum:

site where the root is attached to the lung

Arrangement of Structures In Lung Hilum

Left LungRight Lung

Trachea

Fibrocartilaginous tube

(C6 Sternal angle)

In deep inspiration it reaches the level of ?

~13 cm Length & 2.5 cm Width

Anterolat.:

U-shaped bars of hyaline catilage

Post.:

smooth muscle (trachialis)

Bronchi

1. Main bronchi (1O):One on each side

Extend from ?? To ??

Rt. bronchus:

Wider, shorter & more vertical

Lf. Bronchus:

Narrower, longer &

more horizontal

Relations of lf. Bronchus:

Inf. ? , Ant. ??

2. Lobar bronchi (2O):2 lf. : sup and inf

3 Rt. : sup, middle, and inf

3. Segmental bronchi (3O):Supply the

bronchopulmonary segments

Bronchopulmonary Segments(Read Your Textbook for Complete Details)

Anatomical, Functional, & Surgical units of the lung

- Subdivisions of lung lobes

- Pyramidal in shape:

apex: root, base: pleural surfaces

- Each segment has its own bld. Supply & innervation

- Separated by C.T.

- 10 in each lung

- Diseased segment can be removed surgically

(because it is a structural unit)