anatomy exam review.docx

7/30/2019 Anatomy Exam Review.docx

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Anatomy Exam Review Exam One

Anatomy is the study of ________ whereas physiology is the study of ______. If you were stranded on a desert island, which of the following would you not need?

Appropriate atmospheric pressure Water Stable body temperature Nitrogen

Mrs. McAndrews gave each of her students a vegetable or fruit. She asked each of them todemonstrate a body plane. Which student did not pay attention in anatomy class when they

were learning about body planes?

Gabe said he cut his banana alone a transverse plane Gabriella recorded that she cut her apple along an oblique plane Bailey planned to cut her tomato along a ventral plane Andres was going to slice his pepper along a midsaggital plane

Jackie has been learning about the levels of organization in the human body. She had toplace 5 flash cards in order. Which set is in the correct order?

Cell, organism, organ, tissue, organ system Organism, organ system, organ, cell, tissue Tissue, organ system, organ, cell, organism None of the above

The small intestine is part of the lymph system. True False, cardiovascular False, digestive False, respiratory

The forehead is _____ to the nose. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral

The abdomen is _____ to the cranium. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral

Which body part would be distal to your leg? Arm Shoulder Hip Foot


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Your small intestine would be _____ and _____ to your umbilicus (belly button). Deep, superficial Superficial, posterior Deep, posterior Superficial, anterior

Which body part would be medial to your ears? Eyes Nose Both A and B Neither A or B

The sternum is _____ and ______ to the heart. Superficial, ventral Deep, dorsal Superficial, dorsal

None of the above The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the

bloodstream is accomplished by the ______ system.

Nervous Digestive Excretory Respiratory

A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is called a _____mechanism.

Digestive feedback Neurotic feedback Negative feedback Positive feedback

The smallest LIVING unit of all living things _____. Molecule Atom Tissue Cell

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the opposite (in humans)? Superior and proximal Posterior and intermediate Superficial and deep Lateral and posterior


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Label A indicates the _______ Vertebral cavity Abdominal cavity cranial cavity Pelvic cavity

Label C indicates the ______ Thoracic cavity Vertebral cavity diaphragm spinal column

Label D indicates the ______ Diaphragm lungs bladder small intestines a

Groups of cells that have a common function are termed _____ The bodys ability to maintain stable internal conditions are referred to as _____ The arms are _____ to the chest A cut that is made along the horizontal plane, is called a ______. All of the following are life functions, EXCEPT:

Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Nutrients Metabolism

Water is useful in body processes because it ______ It is a good solvent Acts as an enzyme Has a low heat capacity Is a product in hydrolysis reactions Is chemically inert

Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid? 2.4 5.2 6.4 8.6 10.1

Starch is an example of a/an ______ Monosaccaride Disaccharide Polysaccharide


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Amino Acid Neucleic Acid

The organic molecules that function in building tissues and act as enzymes are _____ Carbohydrates Salts Lipids Proteins

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? They are carbohydrates They are stable at high temperatures They are biological catalysts They require heat to be effective

Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT carbohydrates? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Iron

The reaction A + B = C is an example of a/an: Exchange reaction Synthesis reaction Hydrolysis reaction Delayed reaction

Baking soda and water are sometimes used to help calm acid reflux. Which statement would betrue of the baking soda/water solution?

The solution has a pH less than 7 The solution has a pH equal to 7Monosaccharides-nucleic The solution has a pH of greater than 7 The pH has nothing to do with it

The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of ______ Carbohydrates Triglycerates Phospholipids Steroids Proteins

Which of the following substances below are matched with its correct organic group? Monosaccharides-nucleic acid DNA-lipids Glycerol-proteins Enzymes-proteins

Compounds that contain carbon are usually referred to as ______ compounds Water has many characteristics that are unique, because the water molecule is ______


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Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called______

Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature, are termed_____ Synthesis reactions _________

Involve bond breakage Involve bond formation Absorb energy Involve bond breakage and absorb energy Involve bond formation and absorb energy

All of the following are characteristics of water, EXCEPT: Cohesion Adhesion Surface tension Capillary action Low specific heat

Globular proteins _________________________________ Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processes Are usually chemically inactive Are called structural proteins Form collagen strands

Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building block by the _________ Addition of a water molecule between every unit Removal of a water molecule between every unit Addition of a carbon atom Process termed hydrolysis

Skin, leather a.glyco- Not, without, absent b.syn- Heat c.poly- Sugar, glucose d.-derm- One e.hydro- Many ab.-lys- Water ac.mono- Break, burst, split ad. a-, an Join, combine ae.calor

bc. physio


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Cell Exam Which one of the following is NOT true about the cell membrane?

It consists of a lipid bilayer Its lipid components are primarily phospholipids and cholesterol It contains proteins for specialized functions It regulates the entry and exit of cell materials All of the above are correct

The site where Ribosomes are assembled is ______ Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Plasma Membrane

The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the _____.

Cholesterol molecules Glycoproteins Lipid Molecules Proteins Phospholipids

The molecules in the cell membrane that serve as channels or for hormones or otherchemical messengers are the _____.

Phospholipids Proteins Cholesterol molecules Starches Fats

The cell connections that allow substances to pass directly from one cell into another arecalled ______.

Desmosomes Gap junctions Inclusions Microvilli Tight Junctions

Microvilli are apt to be found in cells that are specialized for _____. Contraction Protection Absorption Insulation Division


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Which one of the following organelles is studded with ribosomes and carries out proteinsynthesis?

Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer H from various substrates to oxygento form water?

Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Ribosome

Which of the following is NOT an active transport process? Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis Exocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Which of the following contains its own DNA? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Nucleolus

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is _ ATP mRNA rRNA DNA tRNA

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct? It contains 2 chains It contains deoxyribose sugars It has the base Uracil instead of Thymine It never leaves the nucleus It is composed of amino acids

DNA replication takes place during _____ of the cell cycle. G1 phase


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G2 phase S phase M phase Cytokinesis

Place the four steps in DNA Replication in the proper sequence:1.DNA separates into its two nucleotide chains

2. Two DNA molecules are forms that are identical to the original DNA helix

3. DNA helix unwinds

4. Each strand acts as a template for building a new complimentary strand

1234 4132 4312 3142 2413

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence ofbases on its complementary DNA strand would be ______.

CAU-CGU CAT-CGT GAU-GCU GAT-GCT ACG-ATT

Match the organelle with the proper function:

Mitochondria Uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances Ribosome Determines overall cell shape Lysosome Helps form mitotic spindle Golgi apparatus Site of ribosome synthesis Smooth ER Site of protein synthesis Microtubule Digests worn-out or nonusable cell structures Nucleolus Increases surface area of membrane Rough ER Packages substances for transport out of cell Microvilli Captures energy to produce ATP

Forms channel for protein transport

Directs formation of mitotic spindle

Match the macromolecule with its function:

mRNA Contains the anticodon; carries amino acids to the ribosome DNA Synthesized during transcription and contains codons Protein Acts as a template during transcription tRNA Synthesized during translation


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Site of translation

Fill in the Blank

In order to prepare for reproduction of the cell, the DNA winds up into organized structurescalled ______.

The specialized structures within the cytoplasm of the cell are collectively called _____. The movement of substances through the cell membrane AGAINST their concentration

gradiation using energy is called _____.

The random movement of molecules down their concentration gradient that eventuallycreates equilibrium is called _____.

The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane is called ____. In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ____. Division of the nucleus is called _____. A segment of DNA that codes for one protein is called a ____.Process Krebs Cycle

What goes in ATP, Glucose NADH, FADH2

What comes out 2-3 C molecules,

NADH, ATP

CO2, ATP

Where it happens

With or w/o Oxygen Aerobic Aerobic


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Biochemistry1. Dehydration synthesis is used in forming which of the following compounds?

A. Fatty acidsB. PolysaccharidesC. ProteinsD. A and C onlyE. A, B, and C are correct

2. Starch is an example of a(n) __________.A. MonosaccharideB. DisaccharideC. PolysaccharideD. Amino acidE. Nucleic acid

3. The organic molecules that function in animal structure and act as enzymes are ________.A. CarbohydratesB. SaltsC. LipidsD. ProteinsE. Nucleic acids

4. Which of the following statements about enzymes true?A. They are carbohydratesB. They are stable at high temperaturesC. They are biological catalystsD. They require heat to be effectiveE. They are used up in a reaction

5. Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT present in lipids andcarbohydrates?

A. CB. HC. OD. NE. I

6. The reaction A+B = AB is an example of a(n)___________.A. Exchange reactionB. Synthesis reactionC. Hydrolysis reactionD. Delayed reaction


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7. The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of __________ .A. CarbohydratesB. TriglyceridesC. SteroidsD. Proteins

8. Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group?A. Monosaccharides nucleic acidsB. DNA lipidsC. Glycerol proteinsD. Enzymes proteins

9. Globular proteins __________.A. Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processesB. Are usually chemically inactiveC. Are called structural proteinsD. Form collagen strands

10.Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.A. Addition of a water molecule between every monomerB. Removal of a water molecule between every monomerC. Addition of a carbon atomD. Process termed hydrolysis

11.Which diagram represents the functional protein?12.Which diagram represents the polysaccharide?13.Which diagram represents the lipid?14. Which diagram represents the monosaccharide?


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15.When an electron is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n)________.

A. Ionic bondB. H bondC. Covalent bondD. Carbon bond

16.The joining of nucleotide molecules to form a more complex molecule is an example of________.

A. A decomposition reactionB. An exchange reactionC. A naturazation reactionD. A synthesis reactionE. A hydrolysis reaction

17.Starch is an example of a(n)_______.A. MonosaccharideB. DisaccharideC. PolysaccharideD. Amino acidE. Nucleic acid

18.Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule?A. A fatty acidB. An amino acidC. CholesterolD. Sodium chlorideE. RNA

19.Carbohydrates are built from their elements ________.A. C,H,OB. C,H,O,NC. C,H,O,N,PD. C,H,O,N,S

20.Compounds that contain C and H are usually referred to as _______ compounds.21.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates

called_____.

22.Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature are termed ___________.23.The monomers of proteins are_______.24.The monomers of lipids are ________ and _________


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25.The elements found in nucleic acids are __________.26.The elements found in lipids are _________.27.A saturated fat is saturated with __________

A. CB. HC. OD. NE. P

28.The more healthy unsaturated fats are found primarily in __________A. AnimalsB. PlantsC. Both plants and animalsD. AvocadosE. Both B and D are correct

29.Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined to one galactose molecule.How is lactose classified?

A. As a pentoseB. As a hexoseC. As a monosaccharideD. As a disaccharideE. As a polysaccharide

30.Which of the following is true of cellulose?A. It is a polymer composed of simple sugars chained togetherB. It is a strange molecule for energy in plant cellsC. It is a strange molecule for energy in animal cellsD. It is a major structural component of plant cell wallsE. Both A and D are correct

31.All of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true except.A. They are more common in animals than plantsB. They have multiple double bonds in the C chains of fatty acidsC. They are generally solid at room temperatureD. They contain more H than unsaturated fats having the same number of C atomsE. Both B and D

32.Ase a. sugar33.Chrom- b. mass, body34.Glyco- c. oxygen


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35.Mer d. many36.Macro- e. enzymes37.Ule ab. double38.Di- ac. spiral39.Mole- ad. large40.Oxy ae. decomposition41.Poly- bc. body42.Som- bd. Part

be. tiny

Polymer Carbohydrates 43. 44. Nucleic acids

Monomer 45. 46. Amino acid 47

Elements 48. 49. 50. 51

Example 52. fats 53 RNA, DNA


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Histology Exam

1. The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is _________2. The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ______3. The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is ______4. The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is _______5. The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is ______6. Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells flattened like fried eggs is called a _____ _____

epithelium.

7. A type of muscle that can be controlled voluntarily is called ______ muscle.8. A type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an acellular matrix is ______ muscle9. Goblet cells are found in ______

a. Simple squamous epitheliumb. Simple columnar epitheliumc. Simple cuboidal epitheliumd. Stratified squamous epitheliume. Transitional epithelium

10.Which of the following is NOT true of epithelial tissue?a. It forms continuous cellular sheetsb. It rests on a basement membranec. It covers all free body surfaces and lines the hollow cavities of organsd. It has a good blood supply within it and is very vasculare. It forms gland

11.Which of the following is NOT connective tissuea. Boneb. Cartilagec. Bloodd. Skeletal musclee. Adipose


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12.The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable stretching, such as the urinary bladder, is______

a. Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumb. Simple squamous epitheliumc. Simple columnar epitheliumd. Transitionale. Stratified squamous epithelium

13.The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is called _____a. Epithelial tissueb. Connective tissuec. Nervous tissued. Muscle tissuee. Brain tissue

14.The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as theesophagus is ______

a. Psuedostratified columnar epitheliumb. Simple squamous epitheliumc. Simple columnar epitheliumd. Transitionale. Stratified squamous epithelium

15.Tendons are _______a. Dense connective tissueb. Loose connective tissuec. Adipose tissued. Aereolar tissuee. Osseous tissue

16.Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than throughducts are classified as ______

a. Exocrineb. Endocrinec. Sebaceousd. Ceruminouse. Sudoriferous

17. Intercalated discs are found in ______a. Cardiac muscle onlyb. Skeletal muscle onlyc. Smooth muscle onlyd. A and Ce. B and C

18.The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and in the walls ofblood vessels is ______

a. Cardiac muscle


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b. Skeletal musclec. Smooth muscled. C and Be. A and B

19.algia a. loving20.cle b. nerves21.cyte, cyto- c. tissue22.erythro d. white23.Histo- e. bad24.Leuco- ab. small25.Mal- ac. pain26.neuro ad. false27.phil ae. red28.Pseudo- bc. Cell

bd. Sugar

be. Night

29. Identify the tissue that forms the sibcutaneous connective tissue beneath the skin that helps to keepinsulated

a. Osseous tissueb. Adipose tissuec. Tendonsd. Vascular tissuee. Hyaline cartilage

30.The type of tissue that has a matrix that consists of rows of fibroblasts that manufacture collagenfibers is _______

a. Dense connective tissueb. Loose connective tissuec. Adipose tissued. Areolar tissuee. Osseous tissue

31.The kind of cell that is able to break down bone for remodeling and repair is calleda. Osteoblastsb. Osteocytesc. Osteoclastsd. Osteomastse. Osteons

32.The cells found in cartilage are called _____a. Osteocytesb. Fibrocytesc. Chondrocytesd. Melanocytese. Mast cells


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33.______ epithelium consists of one layer of cells34.Under the microscope _____ cells are multinucleate and have obvious striations35.The matrix of ______ cartilage consists of a shiny matrix and is so named because its name means

glass in Greek.

36.Spindle shaped, uninucleated cells that lack striations can be identified as ______37.To identify tissue, one must observe the cells on the _____ surface38.The cells that manufacture and secrete fibers are called _______39. In blood, connective tissue, the matrix is the ____40.The cells that are commonly called white blood cells are correctly termed _____


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Answers

Exam One Anatomy is the study ofstructure whereas physiology is the study offunction. If you were stranded on a desert island, which of the following would you not need?

Appropriate atmospheric pressure Water Stable body temperature Nitrogen

Mrs. McAndrews gave each of her students a vegetable or fruit. She asked each of them todemonstrate a body plane. Which student did not pay attention in anatomy class when they

were learning about body planes?

Gabe said he cut his banana alone a transverse plane Gabriella recorded that she cut her apple along an oblique plane Bailey planned to cut her tomato along a ventral plane Andres was going to slice his pepper along a midsaggital plane

Jackie has been learning about the levels of organization in the human body. She had toplace 5 flash cards in order. Which set is in the correct order?

Cell, organism, organ, tissue, organ system Organism, organ system, organ, cell, tissue Tissue, organ system, organ, cell, organism None of the above

The small intestine is part of the lymph system. True False, cardiovascular False, digestive False, respiratory

The forehead is _____ to the nose. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral

The abdomen is _____ to the cranium. Inferior Superior Medial Lateral

Which body part would be distal to your leg? Arm Shoulder Hip


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Foot Your small intestine would be _____ and _____ to your umbilicus (belly button).

Deep, superficial Superficial, posterior Deep, posterior Superficial, anterior

Which body part would be medial to your ears? Eyes Nose Both A and B Neither A or B

The sternum is _____ and ______ to the heart. Superficial, ventral Deep, dorsal

Superficial, dorsal None of the above

The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into thebloodstream is accomplished by the ______ system.

Nervous Digestive Excretory Respiratory

A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is called a _____mechanism.

Digestive feedback Neurotic feedback Negative feedback Positive feedback

The smallest LIVING unit of all living things _____. Molecule Atom Tissue Cell

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the opposite (in humans)?OMIT

Superior and proximal Posterior and intermediate Superficial and deep Lateral and posterior


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Label A indicates the _______ Vertebral cavity Abdominal cavity cranial cavity Pelvic cavity

Label C indicates the ______ Thoracic cavity Vertebral cavity diaphragm spinal column

Label D indicates the ______ Diaphragm lungs bladder small intestines a

Groups of cells that have a common function are termed tissue. The bodys ability to maintain stable internal conditions are referred to as Homeostasis. The arms are lateral to the chest A cut that is made along the horizontal plane, is called a transverse. All of the following are life functions, EXCEPT:

Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Nutrients Metabolism

Water is useful in body processes because it ______ It is a good solvent Acts as an enzyme Has a low heat capacity Is a product in hydrolysis reactions Is chemically inert

Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid? 2.4 5.2 6.4 8.6 10.1

Starch is an example of a/an ______ Monosaccaride Disaccharide


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Polysaccharide Amino Acid Neucleic Acid

The organic molecules that function in building tissues and act as enzymes are _____ Carbohydrates Salts Lipids Proteins

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? They are carbohydrates They are stable at high temperatures They are biological catalysts They require heat to be effective

Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT carbohydrates? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Iron

The reaction A + B = C is an example of a/an: Exchange reaction Synthesis reaction Hydrolysis reaction Delayed reaction

Baking soda and water are sometimes used to help calm acid reflux. Which statement would betrue of the baking soda/water solution?

The solution has a pH less than 7 The solution has a pH equal to 7Monosaccharides-nucleic The solution has a pH of greater than 7 The pH has nothing to do with it

The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of ______ Carbohydrates Triglycerates Phospholipids Steroids Proteins

Which of the following substances below are matched with its correct organic group? Monosaccharides-nucleic acid DNA-lipids Glycerol-proteins Enzymes-proteins

Compounds that contain carbon are usually referred to as organic compounds


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Water has many characteristics that are unique, because the water molecule is polar. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called

sugars.

Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature, are termed unsaturated. Synthesis reactions _________

Involve bond breakage Involve bond formation Absorb energy Involve bond breakage and absorb energy Involve bond formation and absorb energy

All of the following are characteristics of water, EXCEPT: Cohesion Adhesion Surface tension Capillary action Low specific heat

Globular proteins _________________________________ Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processes Are usually chemically inactive Are called structural proteins Form collagen strands

Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building block by the _________ Addition of a water molecule between every unit Removal of a water molecule between every unit Addition of a carbon atom Process termed hydrolysis

Skin, leather d a.glyco- Not, without, absent ad b.syn- Heat ae c.poly- Sugar, glucose a d.-derm- One ac e.hydro- Many c ab.-lys- Water e ac.mono- Break, burst, split ab ad. a-, an Join, combine b ae.calor

bc. physio


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Biochemistry1. Dehydration synthesis is used in forming which of the following compounds?

A. Fatty acidsB. PolysaccharidesC. ProteinsD. A and C onlyE. A, B, and C are correct

2. Starch is an example of a(n) __________.A. MonosaccharideB. DisaccharideC. PolysaccharideD. Amino acidE. Nucleic acid

3. The organic molecules that function in animal structure and act as enzymes are ________.A. CarbohydratesB. SaltsC. LipidsD. ProteinsE. Nucleic acids

4. Which of the following statements about enzymes true?A. They are carbohydratesB. They are stable at high temperaturesC. They are biological catalystsD. They require heat to be effectiveE. They are used up in a reaction

5. Which of the following elements is always present in proteins, but NOT present in lipids andcarbohydrates?

A. CB. HC. OD. NE. I

6. The reaction A+B = AB is an example of a(n)___________.A. Exchange reactionB. Synthesis reactionC. Hydrolysis reactionD. Delayed reaction


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7. The keratin in your hair and the collagen in your cartilage are examples of __________ .A. CarbohydratesB. TriglyceridesC. PhospholipidsD. SteroidsE. Proteins

8. Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group?A. Monosaccharides nucleic acidsB. DNA lipidsC. Glycerol proteinsD. Enzymes proteins

9. Globular proteins __________.A. Are functional proteins that play a critical role in virtually all biological processesB. Are usually chemically inactiveC. Are called structural proteinsD. Form collagen strands

10.Carbohydrates are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.A. Addition of a water molecule between every monomerB. Removal of a water molecule between every monomerC. Addition of a carbon atomD. Process termed hydrolysis

11.Which diagram represents the functional protein?

B

12.Which diagram represents the polysaccharide?C


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13.Which diagram represents the lipid?D

14. Which diagram represents the monosaccharide?A

15.When an electron is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n)________.

A. Ionic bondB. H bondC. Covalent bondD. Carbon bond

16.The joining of nucleotide molecules to form a more complex molecule is an example of________.

A. A decomposition reactionB. An exchange reactionC. A naturazation reactionD. A synthesis reactionE. A hydrolysis reaction

17.Starch is an example of a(n)_______.A. MonosaccharideB. DisaccharideC. PolysaccharideD. Amino acidE. Nucleic acid

18.Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule?A. A fatty acidB. An amino acidC. CholesterolD. Sodium chlorideE. RNA

19.Carbohydrates are built from their elements ________.A. C,H,OB. C,H,O,NC. C,H,O,N,PD. C,H,O,N,S

20.Compounds that contain C and H are usually referred to as _______ compounds.organic


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21.Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples of a specific category of carbohydratescalled_____.

Sugars

22.Fats that tend to be liquid at room temperature are termed ___________.Unsaturated fats

23.The monomers of proteins are_______.Amino acids

24.The monomers of lipids are ________ and _________Glycerol and 3-fatty acids

25.The elements found in nucleic acids are __________.C, H, O, N, P

26.The elements found in lipids are _________.C, H, O

27.A saturated fat is saturated with __________A. CB. HC. OD. NE. P

28.The more healthy unsaturated fats are found primarily in __________A. AnimalsB. PlantsC. Both plants and animalsD. AvocadosE. Both B and D are correct

29.Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined to one galactose molecule.How is lactose classified?

A. As a pentoseB. As a hexoseC. As a monosaccharideD. As a disaccharideE. As a polysaccharide

30.Which of the following is true of cellulose?A. It is a polymer composed of simple sugars chained togetherB. It is a strange molecule for energy in plant cellsC. It is a strange molecule for energy in animal cellsD. It is a major structural component of plant cell wallsE. Both A and D are correct


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31.All of the following statements concerning saturated fats are true except.A. They are more common in animals than plantsB. They have multiple double bonds in the C chains of fatty acidsC. They are generally solid at room temperatureD. They contain more H than unsaturated fats having the same number of C atomsE. Both B and D

32.Ase E a. sugar33.Chrom- Color b. mass, body34.Glyco- A c. oxygen35.Mer BD d. many36.Macro- AD e. enzymes37.Ule BE ab. double38.Di- AB ac. spiral39.Mole- B ad. large40.Oxy C ae. decomposition41.Poly- D bc. body42.Som- BC bd. Part

be. tiny

Polymer Carbohydrates 43. lipids 44. proteins Nucleic acids

Monomer 45. simple

sugar

46. Glycerol

and 3-fatty

acids

Amino acid 47. Nucleotide

Elements 48. C, H, O 49. C, H, O 50. C, H, O, N 51. C, H, O, N,

P

Example 52. starch fats 53. Keratin RNA, DNA


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Cell Exam Which one of the following is NOT true about the cell membrane?

It consists of a lipid bilayer Its lipid components are primarily phospholipids and cholesterol It contains proteins for specialized functions It regulates the entry and exit of cell materials All of the above are correct

The site where Ribosomes are assembled is ______ Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Plasma Membrane

The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the _____.

Cholesterol molecules Glycoproteins Lipid Molecules Proteins Phospholipids

The molecules in the cell membrane that serve as channels or for hormones or otherchemical messengers are the _____.

Phospholipids Proteins Cholesterol molecules Starches Fats

The cell connections that allow substances to pass directly from one cell into another arecalled ______.

Desmosomes Gap junctions Inclusions Microvilli Tight Junctions

Microvilli are apt to be found in cells that are specialized for _____. Contraction Protection Absorption Insulation Division


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Which one of the following organelles is studded with ribosomes and carries out proteinsynthesis?

Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Mitochondria Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer H from various substrates to oxygento form water?

Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Ribosome

Which of the following is NOT an active transport process? Facilitated diffusion Endocytosis Exocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Which of the following contains its own DNA? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi Apparatus Nucleolus

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is _ ATP mRNA rRNA DNA tRNA

Which of the following statements about RNA is correct? It contains 2 chains It contains deoxyribose sugars It has the base Uracil instead of Thymine It never leaves the nucleus It is composed of amino acids

DNA replication takes place during _____ of the cell cycle. G1 phase


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G2 phase S phase M phase Cytokinesis

Place the four steps in DNA Replication in the proper sequence:1.DNA separates into its two nucleotide chains

2. Two DNA molecules are forms that are identical to the original DNA helix

3. DNA helix unwinds

4. Each strand acts as a template for building a new complimentary strand

1234 4132 4312 3142 2413

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence ofbases on its complementary DNA strand would be ______.

CAU-CGU CAT-CGT GAU-GCU GAT-GCT ACG-ATT

Match the organelle with the proper function:

Mitochondria AE a.Uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances Ribosome E b.Determines overall cell shape Lysosome AB c.Helps form mitotic spindle Golgi apparatus AD d.Site of ribosome synthesis Smooth ER A e.Site of protein synthesis Microtubule BC ab.Digests worn-out or nonusable cell structures Nucleolus D ac.Increases surface area of membrane Rough ER BC ad.Packages substances for transport out of cell Microvilli AC ae.Captures energy to produce ATP

bc.Forms channel for protein transport

bd.Directs formation of mitotic spindle

Match the macromolecule with its function:

mRNA B Contains the anticodon; carries amino acids to the ribosome DNA C Synthesized during transcription and contains codons Protein D Acts as a template during transcription tRNA A Synthesized during translation


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Site of translation

Fill in the Blank

In order to prepare for reproduction of the cell, the DNA winds up into organized structurescalled _Chromosomes_.

The specialized structures within the cytoplasm of the cell are collectively called_organelles____.

The movement of substances through the cell membrane AGAINST their concentrationgradiation using energy is called _Active transport____.

The random movement of molecules down their concentration gradient that eventuallycreates equilibrium is called __diffusion___.

The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane is called __osmosis__. In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is __cytokinesis__. Division of the nucleus is called __mitosis___. A segment of DNA that codes for one protein is called a _anti-codon___.Process Glycolosis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport

Chain

What goes in ATP, Glucose Pyruvic Acid NADH, FADH2

What comes out 2-3 C molecules,

NADH, ATP

CO2, ATP ATP, H2O

Where it happens Cytoplasm Spacein mitochondria Christae

With or w/o Oxygen Anaerobic Aerobic Aerobic


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Histology Exam

41.The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ______B___42.The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ___E___43.The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is __D____44.The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is ____A___45.The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is __C____46.Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells flattened like fried eggs is called a __simple

_squamous__ epithelium.

47.A type of muscle that can be controlled voluntarily is called __skeletal____ muscle.48.A type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an acellular matrix is ___connective___ muscle49.Goblet cells are found in ______

a. Simple squamous epitheliumb. Simple columnar epitheliumc. Simple cuboidal epitheliumd. Stratified squamous epitheliume. Transitional epithelium

50.Which of the following is NOT true of epithelial tissue?a. It forms continuous cellular sheetsb. It rests on a basement membranec. It covers all free body surfaces and lines the hollow cavities of organsd. It has a good blood supply within it and is very vasculare. It forms gland

51.Which of the following is NOT connective tissuea. Boneb. Cartilagec. Bloodd. Skeletal musclee. Adipose


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52.The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable stretching, such as the urinary bladder, is______

a. Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumb. Simple squamous epitheliumc. Simple columnar epitheliumd. Transitionale. Stratified squamous epithelium

53.The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is called _____a. Epithelial tissueb. Connective tissuec. Nervous tissued. Muscle tissuee. Brain tissue

54.The epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as theesophagus is ______

a. Psuedostratified columnar epitheliumb. Simple squamous epitheliumc. Simple columnar epitheliumd. Transitionale. Stratified squamous epithelium

55.Tendons are _______a. Dense connective tissueb. Loose connective tissuec. Adipose tissued. Aereolar tissuee. Osseous tissue

56.Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than throughducts are classified as ______

a. Exocrineb. Endocrinec. Sebaceousd. Ceruminouse. Sudoriferous

57. Intercalated discs are found in ______a. Cardiac muscle onlyb. Skeletal muscle onlyc. Smooth muscle onlyd. A and Ce. B and C

58.The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and in the walls ofblood vessels is ______

a. Cardiac muscle


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b. Skeletal musclec. Smooth muscled. C and Be. A and B

59.algia AC a. loving60.cle AB b. nerves61.cyte, cyto- BC c. tissue62.erythro AE d. white63.Histo- C e. bad64.Leuco- D ab. small65.Mal- E ac. pain66.neuro B ad. false67.phil A ae. red68.Pseudo- AD bc. Cell

bd. Sugar

be. Night

69. Identify the tissue that forms the sibcutaneous connective tissue beneath the skin that helps to keepinsulated

a. Osseous tissueb. Adipose tissuec. Tendonsd. Vascular tissuee. Hyaline cartilage

70.The type of tissue that has a matrix that consists of rows of fibroblasts that manufacture collagenfibers is _______

a. Dense connective tissueb. Loose connective tissuec. Adipose tissued. Areolar tissuee. Osseous tissue

71.The kind of cell that is able to break down bone for remodeling and repair is calleda. Osteoblastsb. Osteocytesc. Osteoclastsd. Osteomastse. Osteons

72.The cells found in cartilage are called _____a. Osteocytesb. Fibrocytesc. Chondrocytesd. Melanocytese. Mast cells


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73.___simple___ epithelium consists of one layer of cells74.Under the microscope __skeletal___ cells are multinucleate and have obvious striations75.The matrix of ___hyaline___ cartilage consists of a shiny matrix and is so named because its name

means glass in Greek.

76.Spindle shaped, uninucleated cells that lack striations can be identified as ___smooth muscletissue___

77.To identify tissue, one must observe the cells on the __apical___ surface78.The cells that manufacture and secrete fibers are called _______79. In blood, connective tissue, the matrix is the __fluid__80.The cells that are commonly called white blood cells are correctly termed __leukocytes___

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