Anatomy and Physiology I

Muscles that Move the Arm, Forearm, Hand and Fingers

Instructor: Mary Holman

Review:Muscles that Move the Pectoral GirdleAnterior Thoracic MusclesPectoralis minorSerratus anteriorPosterior Thoracic MusclesTrapezius * Levator scapulaeRhomboid major *Rhomboid minor

* = know origin & insertion

Fig. 9.28Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Pectoralis minorOrigin:Three upper ribs (can vary) Insertion:Coracoid process of scapulaAction:Depresses and pullsscapula forward, rotates it downwardAnterior

Fig. 9.28Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Serratus anteriorOrigin:Superior 8 or 9 ribs Insertion:Ventral surface of scapulaAction:Pulls scapula anteriorly and downwardAnterior

Fig. 9.27bCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Trapezius *Fig. 9.28Origin: Occipital bone& spines of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Clavicle, spine, and acromionprocess of scapulaAction: Rotates scapulacan raise, pull medially,pull upward or depress scapula

AnteriorPosterior

Fig. 9.29aLevator scapulaeSpine of scapulaOrigin: Transverse processes of superior 4 or 5 cervical vertebraeInsertion: Medial border of scapula

Action: Elevatesscapula and rotates it downwardPosterior

Fig. 9.27aFig. 9.27dRhomboideus major *Origin: Spines ofupper thoracicvertebrae Insertion: Medialmargin of scapulaAction: Adducts,elevates and rotates scapulaPosterior

Fig. 9.27aFig. 9.27dRhomboideus minorOrigin: Spines oflower cervicalvertebrae Insertion: Medialmargin of scapulaAction: Adducts,and elevates scapulaPosterior

Origins of Muscles that Move the Humerus (Upper Arm)Originate on Axial Skeleton Pectoralis major * Latissimus dorsiOriginate on Scapula Deltoid * Suprascapularis Infrascapularis Teres minor Subscapularis Teres major Coracobrachialis

Rotator cuff Muscles 27

Flexors *Pectoralis majorCoracobrachialis

Extensors *Latissimus dorsiTeres major

Muscles that Move the Humerus (Arm)Abductors DeltoidSupraspinatus Rotators Infraspinatus Teres minorSubscapularis 2223* The muscles that flex and extend the humerus also act as adductors

Fig. 9.28Pectoralis major *Origin: Clavicle, sternum,and costal cartilages of upper ribsInsertion: Intertubercular groove of humerusAction: Flexes, adducts and rotates arm mediallyAnterior

Fig. 9.31aCoracobrachialisFig. 9.31dOrigin: Coracoidprocess of thescapula Insertion: Shaft ofhumerus medial sideAction: Flexes andadducts the armAnterior

Fig. 9.27aLatissimus dorsiFig. 9.27dOrigin: spines ofvertebrae, iliaccrest and lowerribsInsertion:Intertuberculargroove humerusAction:Extends,adducts androtates armmediallyPosterior

Fig. 9.29aTeres majorFig. 9.29bOrigin: Lateralborder of scapula Insertion: Intertuberculargroove of humerusAction: Extends, adducts androtates armmediallyPosteriorPosterior

Fig. 9.31aFig. 9.29aDeltoid *Origin: Spine andacromion of scapula, &clavicle Insertion: Deltoidtuberosity of humerusAction: Abducts, flexes, and extends arm.AnteriorPosterior

SupraspinatusFig. 9.29cOrigin: Posterior surfaceof scapula above spine Insertion: Greater tubercleof humerusAction: Abducts armPosterior

Fig. 9.29bInfraspinatusOrigin: Posterior surfaceof scapula below spine Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerusAction: Rotates armlaterallyPosterior

Fig. 9.29aTeres minorFig. 9.29cOrigin: Lateralborder of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercleof humerusAction: Rotatesarm laterallyPosterior

Fig. 9.31cCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.SubscapularisOrigin: Anteriorsurface of scapula Insertion: Lessertubercle of humerusAction: Rotatesarm mediallyFig. 9.31aAnterior

Rotator Cuff MusclesS SupraspinatusI InfraspinatusT Teres minorS SubscapularisAssist the joint capsule, coracohumeral ligament,glenohumeral ligament and transverse ligament instabilizing the shoulder joint

Rotator CuffFrom: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed. ABSITSAnterior

Fig. 9.30Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.HumerusCoracobrachialisTeres majorLatissimus dorsiSerratus anteriorPectoralis majorDeltoid

Muscles that Move the Forearm Biceps brachii * Brachialis * Brachioradialis Triceps brachii * Supinator Pronator teres Pronator quadratus

Actions of the Muscles that Move the Forearm 3 Flexors Biceps brachiiBrachialisBrachioradialis3 ExtensorsTriceps brachii3 RotatorsSupinatorPronator teresPronator quadratus

Fig. 9.31bCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Biceps brachii *Short headLong headOrigin: Short head - Coracoid process Long head - Tubercle aboveglenoid cavity of scapulaInsertion: Radial tuberosityand aponeurosisAction: Flexes forearm atelbow and rotates arm laterally (supinates)Anterior

Fig. 9.31aFig. 9.31dBrachialis *Origin: Anterior shaft of humerus Insertion: Coronoidprocess of the ulnaAction: Flexesforearm at theelbowAnterior

Fig. 9.32bBrachioradialisFig. 9.32aOrigin: Lateral borderof the distal end of thehumerus Insertion: Superiorto styloid processof the radiusAction: Flexes forearmat elbowAnterior

Fig. 9.29dCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Triceps brachii *Origin: Tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and medial surfaces of thehumerus Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulnaAction: Extends elbowPosteriorPosterior

Fig. 9.32aSupinatorOrigin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near the radial notch of ulnaInsertion: Lateral surface of proximalthird of radiusAction: Rotates forearm laterally (supinates hand)From: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed. Anterior

Fig. 9.32cPronator teresOrigin: Medial epicondyleof humerus and coronoidprocess of ulna Insertion: Lateral surface of radiusAction: Rotates forearm medially (pronateshand)Anterior

Fig. 9.32cPronator quadratusOrigin: Anterior distal endof ulnaInsertion: Anterior distalend of radiusAction: Rotates forearmmedially (pronateshand)OIAnterior

Fig. 9.30Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Triceps brachiiHumerusLong head of biceps brachiiShort head of biceps brachii

Muscles that Move the Hand Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris

Actions of the Muscles that Move the Hand3 FlexorsFlexor carpi radialisPalmaris longusFlexor carpi ulnaris3 ExtensorsExtensor carpi radialis longusExtensor carpi radialis brevisExtensor carpi ulnaris

Fig. 9.32aFlexor carpi radialisFig. 9.32dOrigin: Medialepicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpalsAction: Flexes wrist and abducts handAnterior

Fig. 9.32aPalmaris longusOrigin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Fascia of palmAction: Flexes wrist Anterior

Fig. 9.32bFlexor carpi ulnarisFig. 9.32aOrigin: Medial epi-condyle of humerusand olecranonprocess of the ulnaInsertion: Carpal &metacarpal bonesAction: Flexes wrist and adductshand9.33aPostAntAnt

Fig. 9.33cExtensor carpi ulnarisFig. 9.33aOrigin: Lateral epicondyleof humerus Insertion: Carpal and metacarpal bonesAction: Extends and adducts handPosterior

Fig. 9.33aExtensor carpi radialis longusbrevisFig. 9.33bOrigin: longus - distal end of humerusbrevis - lateral epicondyle ofhumerusInsertion: longus - base of2nd metacarpalbrevis - base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal Action: Extends wrist & abducts handPosterior

Muscles that Move the FingersFlexor digitorum superficialisFlexor digitorum profundusExtensor digitorum

Actions of the Muscles that Move the Fingers2 FlexorsFlexor digitorum superficialisFlexor digitorum profundus

1 ExtensorExtensor digitorum

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon process of ulna, and the radius Insertion: Tendons of the fingersAction: Flexes the fingersand wristFig. 9.32eFlexor digitorum superficialisFig. 9.32aAnterior

Origin: Anterior surface ofulnaInsertion: Bases of distal phalanges 2 through 5 Action: Flexes the distaljoints of the fingersFlexor digitorum profundusFrom: Anatomy & Physiology: Seeley, Stephens and Tate 6th Ed. Anterior

Origin: Lateral epicondyleof the humerus Insertion: Posterior surfaces of phalangesin fingers 2 through 5Action: Extends fingers and wristFig. 9.33cExtensor digitorumFig. 9.33aPosterior

Fig. 9.34bCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Abductor pollicis longus m.Flexor pollicis longus m.RadiusPronator teres m.Brachioradialis m.Radial n.Radial a.Flexor carpi radialis m.Extensor digitorum m.UlnaUlnar n.Ulnar a.Flexor carpi ulnaris m.Median n.Palmaris longus m.AnteriorExtensor carpiradialis brevis m.Extensor carpiradialis longus m.Extensor carpiulnaris m.Extensor pollicislongus m.Flexor digitorumprofundus m.Flexor digitorumsuperficialis m.ppp

Flexor retinaculumExtensor retinaculum