anatomy and physiology chapter 6 muscular system

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Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 6 Muscular System

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Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 6

Muscular System

Muscular System

The body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue

It contracts and moves various parts of the body

Cosmetologists Limited to:

Voluntary muscles Arms, hands, lower legs, feet

Myology

The science of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

Muscle

600 muscles 40% of body’s weight Fibrous tissue that have the ability to stretch

and contract according to the demands of the body’s movements

Striated Muscles

Skeletal or voluntary muscles– Legs, arms, face etc.

Striped What we work over and are concerned about Attached to the bones and are controlled by

will– Create heat and energy for the body during

muscle contractions– Assist in maintaining posture– Protect some internal organs

Nonstriated Muscles

Involuntary, visceral– Diaphragm etc.

Smooth (not striped)Function automatically, without

conscious will, without thought or control – Found in internal organs of digestive and

respiratory systems

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle that is the heart

Not found anywhere else in the body

Origin

Part of the muscle that does not move Fixed attachment to a bone or ligament Direction of movement is from the insertion of

the muscle to the origin of the muscle

Insertion

Part of the muscle at the more movable attachment to the bone or ligament

Belly or Body

Middle part of the muscle

Muscle tissue can be stimulated by:

Massage Electrical current Light rays Dry heat Moist heat Nerve impulses Chemicals

Muscles of the scalp

Epicranius – broad muscle that covers the top of the skull– Occipitalis – back of the head

draws the scalp backward

– Frontalis – front of headmuscle that raises the eyebrowsDraws the scalp forwardCauses wrinkles across the forehead

Superior – above

Inferior – below

Anterior – front

Posterior - back

Muscles of the ear

Auricularis superior – – Muscle above the ear that draws the ear

upwardAuricularis Anterior –

– Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

Auricularis Posterior – – Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear

backward

Muscle of Mastication (chewing)

Masseter – – Long broad muscle on the sides of the

chin - in front of the ear, to aid in chewingTemporalis –

– Muscle on sides of head above the ear and behind the eyes to aid the masseter in chewing

Muscles of the Neck

Platysma – – Broad muscle extending from the chest

and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin

– Responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip

Sternocleidomastoideus – – Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates

the head

Muscles of the Eyebrow

Corrugator – – located beneath the frontalis and

orbicularis oculi – Draws the eyebrow down– Wrinkles the forehead vertically

Orbicularis oculi –– Ring of muscle of the eye socket– Enables you to close your eyes

Muscles of the Nose

Procerus– Covers the bridge of the nose– Lowers the eyebrows– Causes wrinkles across the bridge of the

noseOther –

– Nasal muscles contract and expand the opening of the nostrils

Muscles of the Mouth

Mentalis– Elevates the lower lip– Raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

Orbicularis Oris– Flat band around the mouth– Compresses, contracts, puckers and

wrinkles the lips - kissing

Risorius– Muscle that draws the corner of the mouth

out and back as in grinningTriangularis

– Muscle extending alongside the chin– Pulls down the corner of the mouth

Zygomaticus – Muscles extending from the zygomatic

bone to the angle of the mouth– Elevate the lip as in laughing

Muscles that attach the arms to the body

Latissimus Dorsi– Broad, flat superficial muscle covering the

back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back

– Controlling the shoulder blade and the swinging movements of the arm

Pectoralis major/pectoralis minor– Muscles of the chest that assist the

swinging movements of the armSerratus Anterior

– Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm

Trapezius– Muscle that covers the back of the neck

and upper and middle region of the back– Rotates and controls swinging movements

of the arm

Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm

Biceps– Two (2) headed muscle– Muscle producing the contour of the front

and inner side of the upper arm– Lift the forearm– Flex elbow– Turn the palms outward

Deltoids– Large triangular muscle covering the

shoulder joint– Allows the arm to extend outward and to

the side of the body

Triceps– Three (3) headed muscle– Large muscle that covers the entire back

of the upper arm– Extends the forearm

Forearm muscles

Extensors– Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand,

and fingers to form a straight lineFlexors

– Extensor muscles of the wrist– Involved in bending the wrist

Pronators– Muscle that turn the hand inward so that

the palm faces downwardSupinators

– Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

Muscles of the Hand

Abductors– Muscle that separate the fingers

Adductors– Muscles at the base of each finger that

draw fingers togetherOpponent muscles

– Muscles in the palm that act to bring the thumb toward the fingers

Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot

Extensor Digitorum Longus– Bends the foot up and extends the toes

Tibialis Anterior– Covers the front of the shin– Bends the foot upward and inward

Peroneus Longus– Covers the outer side of the calf– Inverts the foot– Turns it outward

Peroneus Brevis– Originates in the lower surface of the fibula– Bends the foot down and out

Gastrocnemius – Attached to the lower rear surface of the

heel– Pulls the foot down

Soleus– Originates in the upper portion of the fibula – Bends the foot down

Muscles of the Foot

Extensors Digitorum BrevisAbductor HallucisFlexor BrevisAbductor

– Muscles move the toes and help maintain balance while walking and standing