anatomists and their art
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Anatomists and Their Art
Charleen M. Moore, Ph.D.
Distinguished Teaching Professor
Department of
Cellular and Structural Biology
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Anatomists and Their Art
Artists Who Dissected
Anatomists Who Drew
Anatomist and Artist Teams
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Salerno – 10th c.
Bologna – 11th c.
Padua – 13th c.
Medieval Medical Centers
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Five Picture Seriesbones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries
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Five Picture Seriesbones, nerves, muscles, veins, and arteries
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Johannes de KethamFasciculo di medicina (1493)
Wound Man
The Dissection woodcut illustrations
Zodiac Man
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The Dissection colored (either with stencils or by hand-pressed color blocks) in four colors
Johannes de KethamFasciculo di medicina (1493)
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Archiginnasio, BolognaAnatomical Theatre
(1637)
Johannes de KethamFasciculo di medicina (1493)
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Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530) Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)
(A Short Introduction to Anatomy)Artist? Hugo da Carpi (1455-1523)
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Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530) Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)
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Jacopo Berengario da Carpi (1460-1530) Isagoge Breves (1522-1535)
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Artists Who Dissected
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Raphael (1483-1521)
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
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Leonardo da Vinci: The Mechanics of ManMartin Clayton and Dr. Ron Philo
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Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
Vier Bücher von menschlicher Proportion (1528)
Adam and Eve(1507) Oil on panel
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Michelangelo (1475-1564)
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Raphael (1483-1521)La Fornarina (1518-19) Oil on wood
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Anatomists Who Drew
Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)
Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)
John Bell (1763-1820)
Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
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Robert Hooke (1635 – 1703)
“. . . I could exceedingly plainly perceive it [cork] to be all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular. . . . these pores, or cells, . . . were indeed the first microscopical pores I ever saw, . . . “
Thin Slices of Cork
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Robert Hooke (1635 - 1703)Micrographia (1665)
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Hernias
Scarpa’s Triangle(Femoral Triangle)
Bracing for Clubfoot
Nerve Supply to Heart
Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)
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Saggio di osservazioni e d’esperienze sulle principali mallatti degli occhi first edition copper plate illustration
Antonio Scarpa (1747 - 1832)
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John Bell (1763-1820)
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John Bell (1763-1820)
Anatomy of the Human Body. 2d ed. Vol. I (1804) Etching
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Bell’s drawing reprinted in Charles Darwin’sThe Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)
Nerves of the head
Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
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A System of Dissections, 1798
An Exposition of the Natural System of the Nerves of the Human Body, 1824
Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
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Bell was a surgeon at Battle of Waterloo in 1815 Watercolor paintings of wounded soldiers
Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)
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Anatomist and Artist Teams
Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
Giulio Casseri (ca.1552-1616) and Odoardo Fialetti
Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)
William Hunter (1718-1783) and Jan van Riemsdyk (fl. 1750-1788)
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Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
De humani corporis fabrica, 1543
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De humani corporis fabrica, 1543
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Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
De humani corporis fabrica, 1543
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Historiated Initials
Andreas Vesalius (1514 – 1564) and Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499 - ca. 1546)
De humani corporis fabrica, 1543
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Giulio Casseri (ca.1552-1616) and Odoardo Fialetti
Tabulae Anatomicae (1627) Copperplate engraving
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Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body (London, 1749)
Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)
Used a net with square webbing between artist and specimen
that increased the scientific accuracy of the illustration
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Rhinoceros, circle of Pietro Longhi, c.1751
Map from Clara’s Grand Tour by Glynis Ridley, 2004
Clara, the rhinoceros, toured Europe from 1741 – 1758
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Tabulae sceleti et musculorum corporis humani (Leiden, 1747)Tables of the skeleton and muscles of the human body (London, 1749)
Bernhard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1770) and Jan Wanderlaar (1690-1759)
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John Hunter (1728 - 1793)
William Hunter (1718 - 1783)
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William Hunter (1718-1783) and Jan van Riemsdyk (fl. 1750-1788)The Anatomy of the Gravid Uterus (1774)
Plate XX Plate VI
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P.I. Nixon Medical Historical LibraryEstablished 1970
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Pat Ireland Nixon, M.D., (1883-1965)
Dr. Pat at his writing desk at home
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Friends of the P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library
(1971 – Present)
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First Gift to the P.I. Nixon Collection on Behalf of the Friends, 1971
William Smellie: A Sett of Anatomical Tables, 1754Less than one hundred copies are known.
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Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)Engravings from specimens of morbid parts (1813)
15 copies world-wide
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Sir Charles Bell (1774 – 1842)Series of engravings explaining the course of the nerves
London 1803
Latest Gift to the P.I. Nixon Collection on Behalf of the Friends, 2011
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Friends of the P.I. Nixon Medical Historical Library
Annual Dinner, November 7, 2011
Doctors and Dollars May Not Always Be Enough
Fernando Guerra, M.D.
Director of Health for the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District
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