Anatomi jari

Thumb Home Page

  

Thumb Bones Thumb joints 

Thumb muscles Radial Digital Artery of Thumb Ulnar Digital Artery of Thumb 

Radial Digital Nerve of Thumb Ulnar Digital Nerve of Thumb Thumb extensor mechanism 

Thumb Ray skin Skin: Dorsal First Web Space Skin: Radial half of the thumb Skin: Ulnar half of the thumb 

Skin: Thenar area

Thumb Reconstruction

Bones: Thumb

 Thumb MetacarpalThumb Radial MCP SesamoidThumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

Thumb Proximal PhalanxThumb Distal Phalanx

Bones: Thumb

 Thumb Metacarpal

Thumb Metacarpal

  Articulations:Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint

Thumb Carpometacarpal JointBasal Joint Home Page

Bones:

Trapezium Thumb Metacarpal

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Palmar Adduction/Abduction Contact/45,

Radial Adduction/Abduction Contact/60

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

palmar abduction radial abduction palmar adduction radial adduction opposition retropulsion

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal JointBones:

Thumb Metacarpal Thumb Proximal Phalanx Thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Extension

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Range of motion

Muscle Attachments:

Abductor Pollicis LongusTendons:

Origin: Posterior surface of the Ulna, the radioulnar interosseous membrane and the middle third of posterior surface of theRadius

Insertion: Radial dorsal base of the Thumb Metacarpal, Variably the dorsal Trapezium and the radial surface of the Abductor pollicis longus muscle

Function: Abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which radially abduct the thumb. Also radially deviatesthewrist along with other mucles which produce wrist radial abduction

Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

Artery: Posterior Interosseous artery

Opponens PollicisTendons:

Origin: transverse carpal ligament and the Trapezium

Insertion: Volar radial aspect of the Thumb Metacarpal

Function: flexes and pronates the basal joint along with other muscles which produce thumb opposition

Nerve: Motor Branch of the Median Nerve

Artery: Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery

First Dorsal InterosseousTendons:

Origin: the adjacent surfaces of the thumb and index metacarpals

Insertion: the radial base of the index proximal phalanx and the index radial digital extensor mechanism

Function: flexes, radially deviates (abducts) and pronates the index MCP joint and radially adducts the thumb basal joint along with other muscles which radially adduct the basal joint. Also (weakly) extends the index PIP and DIP joints

Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve

Artery: deep palmar arch

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid

Thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid

  Articulations:

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid

  Articulations:

Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Muscle Attachments:

Adductor Pollicis

Tendons:

Origin:

OBLIQUE HEAD: palmar surfaces of the Trapezoid, the Trapezium and Capitate as well as the bases of the Index and Middlemetacarpals

TRANSVERSE HEAD: palmar surface of the shaft of the Middle metacarpal

Insertion: The palmar ulnar base of the Thumb Proximal Phalanx, the Thumb Ulnar MCP Sesamoid, and the Thumb extensor mechanism

Function: radially adducts the thumb basal joint along with other muscles which radially adduct the basal joint, and extends the thumb interphalangeal Joint

Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve

Artery: Deep Palmar Arch

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Thumb Proximal Phalanx

Thumb Proximal Phalanx

  Articulations:Thumb Metacarpophalangeal JointThumb Interphalangeal Joint

Thumb Interphalangeal JointBones:

Thumb Proximal Phalanx Thumb Distal Phalanx

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Extension

Extensor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis

Range of motionMuscle Attachments:

Extensor Pollicis BrevisTendons:

Origin: Posterior surface of the Radius and the radioulnar

interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal base of the thumb proximal plalanx

Function: Extends the thumb MCP joint and weakly abducts the thumb basal joint, along with other muscles which produceradial and palmar abduction

Nerve: Posterior interosseous

Artery: Posterior interosseous

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Tendons:

Origin: Transverse carpal ligament, the Scaphoid and Trapezium

Insertion: Radial base of Thumb Proximal Phalanx and the thumb extensor mechanism

Function: Abducts the Thumb basal (carpometacarpal) Joint along with other muscles which palmar abduct and radial abductthe basal joint, and extends the thumb interphalangeal Joint

Nerve: Motor Branch of Median Nerve

Artery: Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Tendons:

Origin: transverse carpal ligament and the Trapezium

Insertion: radial proximal base of the Thumb Proximal Phalanx and the thumb Radial MCP Sesamoid

Function: Flexes the thumb MCP joint and flexes/pronates the basal

joint along with other muscles which produce thumb opposition

Nerve:

DEEP head: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve

SUPERFICIAL Head: Motor Branch of Median Nerve

Artery: Superficial Volar Branch of Radial artery

Adductor PollicisLigament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Thumb Distal Phalanx

Thumb Distal Phalanx

  Articulations:

Thumb Interphalangeal Joint

Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Pollicis LongusTendons:

Origin: Volar surface of the Radius, the adjacent interosseous membrane and the medial border of the coronoid process of theUlna

Insertion: Palmar base of the thumb Thumb Distal Phalanx

Function: Flexes the thumb Interphalangeal Joint (primary) and Metacarpophalangeal Joint (weak)

Nerve: Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve

Artery: Anterior Interosseous artery

Extensor Pollicis LongusTendons:

Origin: Middle third of posterior surface of the Ulna and the radioulnar interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal base of the thumb Distal Phalanx through the Thumb extensor mechanism

Function: Extends the thumb Interphalangeal Joint

Nerve: Posterior Interosseous

Artery: Posterior Interosseous

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Thumb joints Thumb basal Carpometacarpal Joint Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Thumb Interphalangeal Joint Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) Joint

Scaphotrapezotrapezoidal Joint (STT)Components:

Scaphotrapezial Joint Scaphotrapezoidal Joint

Bones:

Scaphoid Trapezium Trapezoid

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Normal joint range of motion

Muscles of the thumb

Intrinsic (thenar)Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis First Dorsal Interosseous Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens PollicisExtrinsic Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Flexor Pollicis Longus

Radial Digital Nerve of ThumbNerve Origin: C6 root, arising as a branch of the Median Nerve

Muscles Innervated: None

Branches:

Sensory Innervation: Radial half of the thumb

Median Nerve

Ulnar Digital Nerve of ThumbNerve Origin: C6 root, arising as a branch of the Median Nerve

Muscles Innervated: None

Branches:

Sensory Innervation: Ulnar half of the thumb

Bones: Index

 Index MetacarpalIndex Proximal PhalanxIndex Middle PhalanxIndex Distal Phalanx

Index Metacarpal

  Articulations:Index Carpometacarpal Joint

Index Carpometacarpal JointBones:

Index Metacarpal Trapezoid

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Index Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Index Metacarpophalangeal JointBones:

Index Proximal Phalanx Index Metacarpal

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Primary - the first dorsal interosseous, the first palmar interosseous and the index lumbrical

Secondary (after flexion has been initiated) - the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Index and Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index

Extension - Extensor Digitorum Index

Radial deviation / Pronation - First Dorsal Interosseous

Ulnar deviation / Supination - first palmar interosseous (Tendons:

Origin: ulnar shaft of the index metacarpal

Insertion: ulnar base of the index proximal phalanx and index ulnar digital extensor mechanism

Function: flexes, ulnarly deviates (adducts) and supinates the index MCP joint and extends the index PIP and DIP joints

Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve

Artery: Deep Palmar Arch

)

Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Carpi RadialisTendons:

Origin: common forearm flexor origin from the medial epicondyle of the Humerus and the deep forearm fascia

Insertion: Volar base of the Index Metacarpal and the Middle Metacarpal

Function: flexion and radial deviation of the wrist, along with other muscles which flex the wrist and radially deviate the wrist,weak pronation of the forearm along with other muscles which pronate the forearm and weak flexion of the elbow along with other muscles which flex the elbow

Nerve: Median Nerve

Artery: Muscular Branches of Radial Artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Tendons:

Origin: Lower 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the Distal humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Dorsal base of the Index Metacarpal

Function: Extends, radially deviates the Wrist

Nerve: Radial

Artery: Muscular Branches of Radial Artery and the Radial Recurrent

artery

Adductor PollicisFirst Dorsal InterosseousFirst Palmar InterosseousSecond Dorsal Interosseous

Tendons:

Origin: Adjacent surfaces of the index and middle metacarpals

Insertion: the radial base of the middle finger proximal phalanx and the middle finger radial digital extensor mechanism

Function: flexes, radially deviates (abducts), and pronates the middle finger MCP joint, and extends the middle PIP and DIPjoints

Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve

Artery: Deep Palmar Arch

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Index Proximal Phalanx

  Articulations:Index Metacarpophalangeal JointIndex Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Index Proximal Interphalangeal JointBones:

Index Middle Phalanx

Index Middle Phalanx

  Articulations:Index Proximal Interphalangeal JointIndex Distal Interphalangeal JointMuscle Attachments:

Finger extensor mechanism

Digital extensor mechanismThe common extensor tendon is maintained in a central position at the metacarpophalangeal joint level by radial and ulnar attachments to the Sagittal bands. The tendon trifurcates over the dorsum of the proximal phalanx. The central portion of the tendon, or Central slip, crosses the proximal interphalangeal joint and attaches to the dorsal base of the middle phalanx. The radial and ulnar slips pass palmar to join the intrinsic tendons from the interosseous and lumbrical muscles to form the Lateral bands. The lateral bands cross the lateral aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint and are joined over the dorsum of themiddle phalanx by the Triangular ligament to form the Terminal tendon. This crosses the dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal joint to attach to the dorsal base of the distal phalanx.Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Index

Tendons:

Origin:

HUMERAL head from the common flexor tendon origin at the medial epicondyle

ULNAR head from the coronoid process of the Ulna

RADIAL head from the oblique line of the Radius and from the superficialis arch

Insertion: radial and ulnar palmar margins of the index finger Middle Phalanx

Function: flexion of the index PIP joint, index MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the Wrist, weakly, along with other muscles which flex the wrist

Nerve: Median Nerve

Artery: Muscular Branches of Radial Artery and Muscular Branches of Ulnar Artery

Extensor Digitorum IndexLigament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Index Proximal Phalanx

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Index Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index

Extension

Extensor Digitorum Index First Dorsal Interosseous First Palmar Interosseous Index Lumbrical

Muscle Attachments:

Extensor Digitorum IndexExtensor Digitorum Shared Features

Tendons:

Insertion: dorsal base of the Index Middle Phalanx and the Digital extensor mechanism

Function: Extends the index MCP and PIP joints

First Dorsal InterosseousFirst Palmar Interosseous

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Index Distal Phalanx

  Articulations:

Index Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Index Distal Interphalangeal JointBones:

Index Distal Phalanx Index Middle Phalanx

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index

Tendons:

Origin (all profundi): Medial and anterior surface of the Ulna, the deep forearm fascia and the radioulnar interosseous membrane

Insertion: Palmar base of the index distal phalanx

Function: Flexes the index DIP joint, as well as the PIP joint, the MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the wristalong with other muscles which flex the wrist

Nerve: Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve

Artery: the Anterior Interosseous artery and Muscular Branches of Ulnar Artery

Extension (through the digital extensor mechanism)

First Dorsal Interosseous First Palmar Interosseous Index Lumbrical Extensor Digitorum Index Extensor Indicis

Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Index

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Radial Digital Nerve of Index FingerNerve Origin: C6, C7 roots, arising as a branch of the Median Nerve

Muscles Innervated: None

Branches:

Sensory Innervation: Radial half of the index finger

Median Nerve

Bones: Middle

 Middle MetacarpalMiddle Proximal PhalanxMiddle Middle PhalanxMiddle Distal Phalanx

Middle Metacarpal

  Articulations:Middle Carpometacarpal Joint

Middle Carpometacarpal JointBones:

Middle Metacarpal Capitate

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Middle Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Middle Metacarpophalangeal JointBones:

Middle Proximal Phalanx Middle Metacarpal

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Primary - the Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous Middle Lumbrical

Tendons: middle lumbrical

Origin: the radial border of the middle flexor digitorum profundus middle tendon

Insertion: the middle finger radial Digital extensor mechanism, along with the Second Dorsal Interosseous tendon

Function: flexes the middle finger MCP joint and extends the PIP and DIP joints

Nerve: Motor Branch of Median Nerve

Artery: Deep Palmar Arch Superficial Palmar Arch

Secondary (after flexion has been initiated) - the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Middle and the Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle

Extension

Extensor Digitorum Middle

Radial deviation / Pronation - Second Dorsal Interosseous

Ulnar deviation / Supination - Third Dorsal Interosseous

Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Carpi RadialisExtensor Carpi Radialis BrevisTendons:

Origin: Common extensor tendon of the lateral epicondyle the radial collateral ligament of the elbow and the deep forearm fascia

Insertion: Dorsal base of the Middle Metacarpal

Function: Extends and radially deviates the Wrist. Weak elbow flexor.

Nerve: Posterior Interosseous Nerve

Artery:

Muscular Branches of Radial ArteryRadial Recurrent arteryAdductor PollicisSecond Dorsal Interosseous

Third Dorsal InterosseousTendons:

Origin: the adjacent surfaces of the middle and ring metacarpals

Insertion: the ulnar base of the middle finger proximal phalanx and the middle finger ulnar digital extensor mechanism

Function: flexes, ulnar deviates (abducts) and supinates the middle finger MCP joint and extends the middle finger PIP and DIPjoints

Nerve: Motor Branch of Ulnar Nerve

Artery: deep palmar arch

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Middle Proximal Phalanx

  Articulations:Middle Metacarpophalangeal JointMiddle Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Middle Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

Bones:

Middle Proximal Phalanx Middle Middle Phalanx

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Middle Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle

Extension

Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous Extensor Digitorum Middle Middle Lumbrical

Muscle Attachments:

Extensor Digitorum Middle

Extensor Digitorum Shared Features

Tendons:

Insertion: dorsal base of the middle finger Middle Phalanx and the Digital extensor mechanism

Function: Extends the middle finger MCP and PIP joints

Second Dorsal InterosseousThird Dorsal Interosseous

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Middle Middle Phalanx

  Articulations:Middle Proximal Interphalangeal JointMiddle Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Middle Distal Interphalangeal JointBones:

Middle Distal Phalanx Middle Middle Phalanx

Ligaments:

Range of motion

Injuries:

Arthritis

Movement

Flexion

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle

Extension - (through the middle digital extensor mechanism)

Second Dorsal Interosseous Third Dorsal Interosseous Extensor Digitorum Middle Middle Lumbrical

Muscle Attachments:

Finger extensor mechanismFlexor Digitorum Superficialis MiddleTendons:

Origin:

HUMERAL head from the common flexor tendon origin at the medial epicondyle

ULNAR head from the coronoid process of the Ulna

RADIAL head from the oblique line of the Radius and from the superficialis arch

Insertion: radial and ulnar palmar margins of the middle finger Middle Phalanx

Function: flexion of middle finger PIP joint, middle MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the Wrist, weakly, along with other muscles which flex the wrist

Nerve: Median Nerve

Artery: Muscular Branches of the Radial Artery and Muscular

Branches of the Ulnar Artery

Extensor Digitorum Middle

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations:

Middle Distal Phalanx

  Articulations:

Middle Distal Interphalangeal Joint

Muscle Attachments:

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Middle

Tendons:

Origin (all profundi): Medial and anterior surface of the Ulna, the deep forearm fascia and the radioulnar interosseous membrane

Insertion: Palmar base of the middle finger Middle Distal Phalanx

Function: Flexes the middle finger DIP joint, the PIP joint, the MCP joint (only after flexion has been initiated) and the Wristalong with other muscles which flex the wrist

Nerve: Anterior Interosseous branch of Median Nerve

Artery: the Anterior Interosseous artery and Muscular Branches of the Ulnar Artery

Ligament Attachments:

Epiphyses:

Blood Supply:

Fractures:

Variations: