Analyzing Variation

Where Does it Come From?

Studies of Righting Rising to Standing

Older Adults (Luehring)New Patterns DiscoveredApparent RegressionActivity Level makes a difference

Teenagers (Sabourin)Symmetry incidence peaks in middle teen years

Middle Aged Adults (Cromwell, Deo, et al)Patterns related to body dimensions

Studies of Righting

Rising to Standing Infants (Schiarappa)

New Movement Patterns AddedDevelopmental Sequences Validated

Later Childhood (Maracheski, et al)Body Dimensions make a difference

Studies of Righting

Special Populations Down Syndrome Children (Coleman, et al)

Developmental Delay within component actionBody dimensions may be the issue

Children with Visual Impairments (Lee, et al)Developmental Delay in component actionVision effects incidence of movement patterns used

Studies of Righting Special Populations

Adults with Moderate and Severe Brain Injury Recovery follows a “developmental sequence” Balance is a factor in rising: fractionated movement

Women who are pregnant (Zapotchny, et al) Body topography makes a difference

Young adults with traumatic BK and AK amputations (Carter, et al) Those with AK amputation demonstrate early appearing patterns Those with BK amputations demonstrate age appropriate patterns

Studies of Righting

Special Populations Adults with MS (Linde, et al)

Developmentally early appearing patterns more common Balance appears to be a factor affecting performance

Women in a weight loss program (Pope) Those who lose weight demonstrate age appropriate

patterns Adults with TKR (Doyle, et al)

Early appearing patterns more common Flexibility and Balance are factors

Studies of Righting

Children who are Healthy BMI makes a difference

Other Tasks Rising from Bed

Sarnacki – young adults O’Neil-McCoy - teenagers Ford-Smith – middle aged adults Bodden, et al, - older adults Sherwin – adults with back pain, M. King, et al. – children Allard – women through 1st ; 2nd and 3rd trimester of

pregnancy

Other Tasks Rolling Supine to Prone

Richter – young adults Boucher - teenagers Lewis – children Richter et al. – middle aged adults MacDonald - infants Miller, et al – older adults

Other Tasks Posture of Children while Using a Computer

Chase, et al Novak, et al

Posture of Children while Horseback Riding Belissary

Other Tasks Scooting in Bed

Cohen, et al – young adults Mount, et al – older adults

Paradigm Shift

Active Organism Progression &

Regression Gains & Losses Could factors other than

the nervous system cause change?

Systems Theory

Different systems influence movements at different times during the life span

Dynamical Systems Ecclesiastes 3:1-8

To every thing there is a season...

Studies of Factors Affecting Righting Performance

Rising with Weighted Vest (Dehadrai) 15% of body weight affects rising patterns

Rising with SAFOs (L. King) Constraints to Ankle movement alter rising pattern

Rising with Bledsoe Boots (L. King) Fixed plantar flexion affects rising pattern Loss of toe break affects rising

Rising with Knee Cages (Brodovsky) Constraints to knee movement alter rising pattern

Studies of Factors Affecting Righting Performance

Rising in aging active adults (VanSant, Haywood & Williams) Health status

Rising in active and inactive young adults (Williams and Greene) Activity level

Rising in active and inactive older adults (Leuhring) Active adults more frequently demonstrate patterns more

common in younger adults

Factors that Push Variability in Rising

Activity Level Age Balance ability Body weight Body dimensions Body Topography Intention (fast, slow, vary form, pretend) Perceived Health Status Restricted Range of Ankle motion Restricted Range of Knee motion

Characteristics of the Individual

• Age• Balance ability• Health Status• Activity Level• Body Weight

• Body Dimensions• Body Topography