analytical writing issue

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AnalyticalWritingISSUE

JOHN CHU

GMAT ISSUE

350 - 550

5 – 67%

10 - 15

E-rater

背诵经典 New Concept English 4

1. Culture and Society Patterns of Culture The Sporting Spirit Adolescent

2. Knowledge and Technology Silicon Valley The Modern City Secret in Industry Knowledge and Progress

3. Government and Economy Trading Standard The Cost of Government

5. Human Being and Individual How to Grow Old Hobbies The Progress of Ageing Of Men and Galaxies Patients and Doctors

6. History Royal Espionage Galileo Reborn

4. Education Education Youth

7. Art The Sculptor Speaks Beauty What Every Writer Wants

压缩题库

13. Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual, not to government.

47. The primary responsibility for preventing environmental damage belongs to government, not to individuals or private industry.

压缩题库

43. The most important reason for studying history is not that knowledge of history can make us better people or a better society but that it can provide clues to solving the societal problems that we face today.

89. The study of history is largely a waste of time because it prevents us from focusing on the challenges of the present.

压缩题库

110. The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards.

124. The most effective leaders are those who can solve complex problems by finding simple immediate solutions.

ISSUE 的立场

Agree

Disagree

Agree with concession

Disagree with concession

Eclectic ( 具体问题具体分析）

ISSUE 的立场

Eclectic ( 具体问题具体分析）

The function of science is to reassure; The purpose of art is to upset. Herein lies the value of each one.

ISSUE

开头段策略

引起话题

表明立场

概括全文

ISSUE 开头段策略

1. 陈述题目观点 + 表明立场

The overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time because of recent advancements in such areas as business and technology.



The stated opinion is that recent advancements in business and technology have made overall quality of life better than ever. I disagree somewhat with the speaker’s viewpoint. For although such advancements have improved our lives in many respects, they have also diminished our quality of life in other ways.



Theauthorspeaker

asserts/ claimsadvocates/ suggestsprefers/ maintains

that …

转述



In my opinion

In my point of view,

表同意

I

am inclined to support the idea that

tend to agree that…

am in favor of …

take for granted that …

One does not have to go very far to see the truth of this statement.



In my point of view, however, I disagree with the speak on the ground that…

表反对

At first glance, this opinion/ belief seems to be somewhat appealing/ convincing. But further reflection tells

Contrary to the speaker’s statement, my view is that…


2. 让步语气 + 表明立场

When someone achieves greatness in any field — such as the arts, science, politics, or business — that person’s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.



Perhaps in some instances the personal failings of great achievers are unimportant compared with the achievements. In many cases, however, the relative significance of personal failings can be very great, depending on two factors: the extent to which the failing is part of the achievement process itself, and the societal impact of the achiever’s failing apart from his or her own success.



I agree with the speaker’sauthor’s

assertionclaim that …

However, the speakerauthor

unnecessarily …unjustifiably …


2. 让步语气 + 表明立场Under some circumstances, it may be true that… However …

The arguer seems to suggest that …Although many people may embrace this idea wholeheartedly, I have my reservation.

The author’s belief/ conclusion/ assertion seems to hold itself at first glance. However, it fails to take into consideration some important factors/ circumstances/ cases.


3. 提出问题 + 表明立场

Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.



Which factor offers more opportunities for success in our society: education or money and property? In my view, education has replaced money and property as the main provider of such opportunities today. I base my view on two reasons.



Have/ Has, Do/ Does, Should, Whether, Why

Should the only responsibility of a business executive be to maximize business profits, within the bounds of the law? In several aspects this position has considerable merit; yet it ignores certain compelling arguments for imposing on additional business obligations to the society in which they operate.

ISSUE 命题模式

1. 建议类论题should, must, it is necessary/ advisable, for the purpose …

It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.

ISSUE 命题模式

1. 建议类论题解题思路：

题目中给出的建议是否具有可行性？

如果接受题目中所给出的建议，是否会导致同初始目的相矛盾或其他荒谬结果？

有无其他更好的或折中的解决方案？

ISSUE 命题模式

1. 建议类论题

Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.

ISSUE 命题模式

1. 建议类论题解题思路：

很难找到一个可靠的标准来判断小孩是否有潜力。 IQ或 EQ 是不能得出结论的。

即使对某些所谓有潜力的小孩培养，他们也不一定能够成为科学家或者艺术家。

只注重特别技能的培养而忽略其他方面比如心理或文化知识教育，会对成长造成伤害。

ISSUE 命题模式

2. 因果类论题because, as a result, therefore, thus, consequently, lead to

Lying should be avoided primarily because it harms people’s ability to live together in society.

这个因果关系中的原因是否成立？

假如这个原因成立，从它能否推出结果？

ISSUE 命题模式

3. 定义类论题In order to understand a society, we must examine the contents of its museums and the subjects of its memorial. What a society chooses to preserve, display, and commemorate is the truest indicator of what the society values.

题目中的定义是否抓住了问题的本质？

自己能否给出更为恰当的定义？

ISSUE 命题模式

4. 事实类论题In this age of automation, many people complain that humans are becoming subservient to machines. But, in fact, machines are continually improving our lives.

能否举出与题目中所列事实相反的事例？

ISSUE 论证技巧

1. 比较型论证策略

A >B, A<B, A=B

The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience.

ISSUE 论证技巧

1. 比较型论证策略Books are adopted as textbooks in schools from elementary to college. Therefore, the knowledge gained from books is broader and more systematic.

The knowledge from books transcends the limitation of personal experience and is the main way to study history, biology, abstruse theory.

Direct experience is indispensable to solving practical problems.

支持 1

支持 2

反对

结论 A=B

ISSUE 论证技巧

2. 让步型论证策略

The past is no predictor of the future.

ISSUE 论证技巧

2. 让步型论证策略

让步 Admittedly, no one knows for sure what will happen in the future.

论据 1 However, history sometimes repeats itself, and in many cases, future events have relevance to past events.

论据 2Furthermore, the experience of the past provides us with necessary resources to help us deal with old problems and new challenges of the future.

结论 Although the past cannot determine what will happen, it is the only thing we have to rely on to deal with the future.

ISSUE 论证技巧

3. 归纳论证策略

No field can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.

ISSUE 论证技巧

3. 归纳论证策略

论据 1 No area of intellectual inquiry operates in a vacuum as science in various fields are inextricably related.

论据 2Scientific breakthrough in one certain area may make a great contribution to the development of other fields.

论据 3New scientific fields often emerge in the interaction among different disciplines. Biology + Medicine = biomedicine

结论 Agree

ISSUE 论证技巧

4. 结论型论证策略

Today, “Be Yourself” has become a catchword in our society. Whatever we do, wherever we go, we often hear this advice: Be yourself. It seems that by following our instinct we can easily solve all problems and immediately enter a paradise.

ISSUE 论证技巧

4. 结论型论证策略

反驳 1 Instinctive actions are not necessarily in one’s own best interest.

反驳 2Doing what comes naturally often amounts to impulsive overreaction and irrational behavior that hurts others and society.

反驳 3Not everybody is well aware of his or her own identity or pursuits. A person develops a concept of self step by step in the long process of socialization.

结论 Disagree

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确定立场或观点

任何问题都有两面性

考虑中庸之道

对一个问题可以采取矛盾立场

避免煽动性言论

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广度和深度

无需面面俱到

多角度考虑问题

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举例支持

勿过度使用个人经历

勿过分地学术化文章

不要装成无所不知

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analytical writing issue

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