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Analysis of the drivers of risk reduction for cool forest management and build ecosystem
resilience in Nepal’s mountain
Dharam Raj Uprety, Ph.D
Programme Manager: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management
IBFRA 2018, IIASA- Vienna, Austria
Contents
• Context/Background
• Major risk/challenges
• Research approach
• Drivers of risk reduction
• Evidences of risk reduction
towards resilience
• Conclusion
Context
• Sustainable Forest management has been the priority of the Government since
1990s
• Total Forest Cover has now reached to 44.7%
• Different Forest Management modality including Community based Forestry
• There are 22,266 CFUGs managing 2+million ha of forest with 2.9 million HHs
as members
• Counting other CBFM, about 30,753 community groups
• Different Forestry Projects and programme are being implemented in Nepal
• Growing awareness and capacity build of forest users about forest management
• One of the most vulnerable country in terms of climate change
• About 70% People rely on forest and agriculture to meet their livelihoods
Context: Major risks/challenges of Mountain forests in
Nepal
• Landslide and road expansion in the mountain
• Migration, and Forest encroachment
• Free rider in government managed forests
• Urbanization and settlements
• Weak forest management mainly in the forest
under GoN control
• Expansion of invasive species and climate
change
2/13/2019 4
Research Approach: Role of Forest- adaptation and mitigation
Adaptation MitigationForests
Reducing emission from
Deforestation and degradation
Increase the role of forest as a
carbon sink
Decrease the vulnerability of critical
forest ecosystem
Decrease the vulnerability of forest
dependent people
Driver 1: Community Based forestry and local institutions
CBFM and area covered CBFM and benefitted HH
22266
30
7484
973
2,907,871864,015
71,753
36,797
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
CommunityForest
Collaborativeforest
Leaseholdforest
Public LandManagement
log
scale
User Groups Benefitted HHs
22266
30
7484
973
2,237,670
76,012
43,317
2,082
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Community
Forest
Collaborative
forest
Leasehold forest Public Land
Management
log
sca
le
User Groups Area covered
Driver 2- Declaration of conservation area at high
mountain region
Analysis of Driver and evidence 1: Increasing forest cover,
and ecosystem services in Sindhupalchok district
1990 2010
2010
44%
20%
25%
11% 38%
37%
22%
3%Agriculture
Barren land
Denseforest
Sparseforest
Grasland
Evidence 2: Ecosystem resilience in Dolakha-Bhimeshor
1989 - 2010
1990
2010
Forest Cover Change
in
Bhimeshwor Cluster
• Total Forest Area increased by 1138.33 Ha (57 ha/yr)
• Dense Forest increased by 3526.08 Ha (176 ha/yr)
Dadapakhar, Dolakha 1975 - 2010
Namdu, Dolakha 1985 - 2005
Evidence 3: Increased forest cover in Mid-
Mountain: 1992 & 2014
76%
4%
19%1%
1992
77%
4%
18%1%
2014
Forest(Dense/Sparse/bushes/Grass
Waterbodies/Riverbed
Cultivated
Barrenland
Forest area has found increased by 1% in Mid-mountain Region ( study of 36
districts)
Change of Forest Cover in 20 years in Mid- mountain
42.0
5.1
-39.7
-20.0
5.8
-3.8
12.3
-50.0
-40.0
-30.0
-20.0
-10.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Area
in ‘0
00 H
ecta
res
Landcover
A total of 42,000 hectares of Dense forest has increased in mid-mountain
Positive change: Deforestation rate is reduced over 20
years
1.7
0.250.18
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
before 1990 1990-2001 1992-2014
Deforestation rate
Conclusion
• Increase the community involvement in forest management ( 30,753 CBFM) in 2018 which was around 100 in 1990 and hence increase forest area ( 39% to 44.7%) and also contribute to reduce deforestation (from 1.7 to 0.18)
• Community based Forestry is the most appropriate management modality for reducing the risk of critical forest ecosystem loss, and thereby build ecosystem resilience in the face of growing climate induced risk, and vulnerabilities.
Thank you for your attention
Dr. Dharam Raj Uprety
Dr. Bharat Pokharel
Dr. Rabin Niraula
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