Category: Sports news.Purpose: Illustrate a news story. Meaning: To tell the story of Liverpool’s defeat to Oldham.

This image is one that falls under the category of sports news. It would most likely be used in a newspaper report about the match as the picture has been taken with the purpose of illustrating the news story, or in this case, accompany an article about Liverpool’s defeat at the hands of lower league Oldham. When looking at the image your eyes are immediately drawn to the centre block where the Oldham players are, which is significant as it suggests they are the focal point of the image. This point of Oldham’s players being the focus point of the image is further reinforced by the fact that the photographer has used a shallow focus which places Oldham’s players in focus whereas the Liverpool ones are out. Attention is directed to the Oldham players as Liverpool’s players are out on the vertical edges of the rule of thirds and out of focus compared to the centre placed and well in focus Oldham players.

In terms of lighting the image is lit brightly by the artificial harsh lighting of the floodlights, and this suits the image well as it is a football themed photograph. A fast shutter speed would have been used by the photographer as there is no motion blur in the photo, and during an event with as much movement as a football game a fast shutter speed is important if you want to take motion blur free photos.

The body language of all the subjects in the picture helps to distinguish who the winners are and who the losers are. On one side we see players looking rather embarrassed and frustrated with heads slumped down and shoulders hunched yet on the opposing side we see the Oldham players appearing to have feelings of sheer joy as they celebrate their victory against the bigger team.

Category: News.Purpose: Illustrating the story of a newspaper article.Meaning: To tell the story of a killing that took place outside of a night club.

When looking at this photo the viewers eyesight is almost immediately drawn to the centre block of the image, which is where an open coffin is placed. As well as it being located in the centre of the image it is also the part of the photo with the best lighting, as elsewhere in the image shadows have formed.

Because of this the viewers eyesight is drawn out from the centre which frames the people on either side of the photograph. The fact that the main point of the image is a coffin is no surprise as after all this picture is an illustration for an article reporting a killing outside of a night club. Another significant aspect of the photo is the fact that the picture has been taken with a deep focus. This use of deep focus means that everything in the picture is in focus and therefore visible. Not only are all subjects in the picture visible as a result of the focus but also because of the angle that it has been taken in, as the elevated angle provides a good vantage point for us to observe the photo. The body language of the subjects in the photo is rather casual, which could suggest that the presence of death is something that they are used to, which could be a result of occupation or perhaps the area where they live in may have a high crime rate,

Category: News/events.Purpose : To illustrate the story of floods.Meaning : To tell the story of the 2 photographed survivors.

In this photo the subjects are positioned along the left of centre which not only draws the observers eyes to the subjects but also showcases the scale of the floods that have subdued the home that they stand on. The body language of the two subjects is also an important part of the image as we see them consoling each other after the devastation of the floods. They are placed on the left vertical line, and the shot type is a long shot. The photographer would of used a fast shutter speed in order to catch a cleaner image, which would be necessary due to the movement in the photo, such as the water movement and trees being blown in the wind, as well as the two subjects moving. By using a fast shutter speed motion blur is drastically removed. The image is lit by natural lighting which reflects off the waters surface.

Category: Paparazzi Purpose: To show celebrities in real life.Meaning: To show celebrities in real life.

In this paparazzi image the two subjects are positioned along the vertical line and the left and right blocks of the rule of thirds. The positioning of the two subjects has the effect of maintaining focus on the two celebrities and also making sure that they are both in focus. Not only has the photographer aimed to keep the subjects in clear visibility by positioning them in a certain way, but also by using a deep focus. The use of the deep focus makes sure that everything in the picture is visible, and because the techniques the photographer has used seem to suggest that visibility for the subject

Category: Paparazzi Purpose: To show celebrities in their daily life.Meaning: To show celebrities in their daily life.

In this image of the two celebrities the subjects are placed in the centre of the picture. Such positioning of the subjects suggests that they are the main focus point and that the photo more or less revolves around them. . The subjects would have been moving quickly in order to dodge the shots of the paparazzi.

A fast shutter speed has been used on this photograph because of how much the two subjects would have been moving. If a slow shutter speed was used there would be plenty of motion blur on the final image. The image has been lit artificially by the streetlights and flash of the paparazzi’s cameras.

Category: FashionPurpose: To showcase a new brand of clothingMeaning: To advertise clothing

When taking this photograph the photographer has used a deep focus, a focus that ensures that everything in the picture is in focus and visible. As this type of focus has been used there is connotations that the model in the photo is not the focus point of this image, which would make sense as the photographer would want to also direct attention towards the clothes in the picture as it is a fashion advertisement.

The photographer has also positioned the subject to the left side of the rule of thirds, and because of this it does appear that she is not necessarily what the photographer wants us to be looking at. The image has not been lit by studio lights or any artificial lighting at all, as instead the image gets its lighting from the sun, so the photo is naturally lit.

The subject in the photo is most probably a model, and one reason why this is clear is because of the fact that this is an advertisement for a clothing company and the company would have to have hired a model. Also, the body language of the subject suggests that she is a model as she is posing for the camera. As this has been taken outside it would have been practical for the photographer to use a fast shutter speed due to the motion blur that would occur from the subjects clothes blowing in the wind.

Category: FashionPurpose: To advertise clothingMeaning: To advertise clothing

When the viewer looks at this photo his/her eyesight will immediately be drawn to the face of the subject, and the fact that he is placed along the three central blocks means that the viewer will then have their eye-line drawn to the rest of his body. Such positioning of the subject connotes that he is the focal point of the photograph, which would make sense considering he is the only person in the picture.

The image is lit by the lights used in the studio as this helps whoever is taking the picture to land a cleaner image. As studio lights were used the image has been lit artificially. In terms of shutter speed whoever was taking this photograph would have used a fast shutter speed when taking this picture. This is because of the fact that the model would have been moving around whilst the picture was being captured, so in order to remove motion blur a fast shutter speed would be necessary.

Category: Album coverPurpose: To illustrate the albumMeaning: To advertise the product

On this album cover the photographer has used different techniques with the purpose of conveying the message that she is the focal point of the picture. One of these techniques that they have used is a shallow focus. This type of focus ensures that she is in focus and clear for everyone to see, which almost suggests that it is necessary for us to see her clearly.

As well as the type of focus that has been used by the photographer the way in which the subject has been photographed is also something that suggests she is the main focal point, as the camera is zoomed in directly on her face. As she takes up the whole cover it can be implied that she is who the photographer is directing our attention towards.

After having our attention directed towards the main subject the next we thing the viewer would look at would be the text positioned next to it which reads ‘Jennifer Hudson Spotlight’. The text confirms that the woman who in the picture acts as the main subject is in fact Jennifer Hudson.

In terms of shutter speed, a fast shutter speed would have been used, and this is because due to the movement of the subject during the photo taking process a fast shutter speed would need to be applied in order to reduce motion blur in the final image. The lighting of the image would fall under the category of artificial, because of the how the picture is illuminated by studio lights.

Category: HealthPurpose: To promote hand sanitizerMeaning: To promote hand sanitizerIn this picture the photographer has utilised the rule of thirds to maintain focus on the fingers in the image, as they are positioned in the centre part of the image. The eyesight of the viewer is fixed onto the centre block that consists of fingers. The image has been deliberately made to appear disgusting to stress the importance of hand sanitizer.

The photographer has used a shallow focus which blurs out the rest of the image apart from the centre block, and the use of this technique reinforces the fact that the centre block is where the photographer wants us to be looking.

As well as using the rule of thirds to imply what the main focal point of the image is, the Photographer has also used it to communicate key parts of the image. For example, the bottom right corner of the image informs the reader that the product being advertised is hand sanitizer as that is where the slogan and logo of the company is located.

A fast shutter speed would have been used by the photographer when taking this picture, as this would have to have been the case to eliminate motion blur.