BBI 3211BBI 3211ENGLSIH FOR SPECIFIC ENGLSIH FOR SPECIFIC

PURPOSES (ESP)PURPOSES (ESP)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tan Bee HoonAssoc. Prof. Dr. Tan Bee Hoontanbh@upm.edu.mytel/fax: 03 8946 8911tel/fax: 03 8946 8911

Contents:

1. Introduction to ESP )2. Learner needs analysis ) Mid3. Course design )4. Description of special languages) 5. ESP materials )6. ESP methodology )Final7. Evaluation and assessment )

Evaluation:Evaluation:

Assignment 1 - 20%Assignment 1 - 20%Assignment 2 - 20%Assignment 2 - 20%Mid-sem Exam - 30%Mid-sem Exam - 30%Final Exam - 30%Final Exam - 30%

Assignment I:Assignment I:

Write a summary based on a topic Write a summary based on a topic discussed in the PJJ ESP Modules. Pick discussed in the PJJ ESP Modules. Pick one of the topics below:one of the topics below: - Introduction to ESP: rationale, theory, - Introduction to ESP: rationale, theory, approaches and applications approaches and applications - Needs analysis for ESP - Needs analysis for ESP - Analyzing ESP language - Analyzing ESP language - Syllabus and course design for ESP - Syllabus and course design for ESP

20% Submit 1 week before mid exam20% Submit 1 week before mid exam

Assignment IIAssignment II::Identify a journal research paper related to one of Identify a journal research paper related to one of the ESP topics in the PJJ ESP Modules. Write a the ESP topics in the PJJ ESP Modules. Write a review based on the subheadings below:review based on the subheadings below: - Background of the Study - Background of the Study - Identification of the Problem - Identification of the Problem - Objectives of the Study - Objectives of the Study - Research method - Research method - Findings - Findings - Recommendations and Conclusion - Recommendations and Conclusion

20% Submit 1 week before Final20% Submit 1 week before Final

Plagiarism: How to avoid Plagiarism: How to avoid

Turnitin checkTurnitin check

1. Log on to 1. Log on to www.turnitin.com to to upload your assignments, upload your assignments, Class ID: Class ID: 7717500 Pw:ESPBABEor:or:2. E-mail your assignments to me.2. E-mail your assignments to me.

Analysing LanguageAnalysing Language::

VarietyVariety- regional- regional- temporal- temporal- social- social- gender- gender

RegisterRegister- field - field (topic)(topic)- mode- mode (spoken / written)(spoken / written)- style- style (formal / informal)(formal / informal)

Special LanguageSpecial Language

Consider:Consider:

English for BankersEnglish for Bankers

English for BankingEnglish for Banking

Banking EnglishBanking English

Specialist Knowledge, Specialist Knowledge, notnot Special Special LanguageLanguage

Common CoreCommon Core

- Basic words / structures across all - Basic words / structures across all varieties or ESPvarieties or ESP

Approaches to the Approaches to the Description of LanguageDescription of Language

Frequency StudiesFrequency Studies

- quantitative- quantitative

- descriptive- descriptive

Discourse / Rhetorical AnalysisDiscourse / Rhetorical Analysis

Genre AnalysisGenre Analysis

What is a discourse community?What is a discourse community?

4 significant reasons for using 4 significant reasons for using materials in the context of ESP:materials in the context of ESP:

Source of languageSource of language Learning supportLearning support Stimulation and motivationStimulation and motivation ReferenceReference

The Role of MaterialsThe Role of Materials

Materials such as textbooks may be Materials such as textbooks may be the only source of English for the only source of English for learners. Therefore the materials learners. Therefore the materials mustmust

•have real language presentationhave real language presentation•suit the situation of the classsuit the situation of the class•provide maximum exposure of provide maximum exposure of language language

1. Source of language1. Source of language

Learners need additional materials such Learners need additional materials such as worksheets and reference books for as worksheets and reference books for practice and revisionpractice and revision, and for , and for remedial remedial or enrichmentor enrichment reasons. Consider reasons. Consider materials that: materials that: are reliable and have recognisable are reliable and have recognisable patterns and good consistencypatterns and good consistencyencourage learners’ involvement to encourage learners’ involvement to stimulate their cognition and not stimulate their cognition and not mechanical processesmechanical processesgive sense of progression to learnersgive sense of progression to learners

2. Learning support2. Learning support

Learners need to Learners need to interactinteract with the with the materials in the learning process, materials in the learning process, and the materials must present or and the materials must present or simulate real life activitiessimulate real life activities. .

Consider materials that areConsider materials that areChallenging yet achievableChallenging yet achievableEncouraging, fun and Encouraging, fun and promoting creativitypromoting creativity

3.Stimulation and motivation3.Stimulation and motivation

ESP Class time is limitedESP Class time is limited Mainly depending on a combination Mainly depending on a combination of classes, self-study and reference of classes, self-study and reference materialsmaterials

Consider materials that Consider materials that are complete, well laid out and are complete, well laid out and self-self-explanatoryexplanatory

take into account of the different take into account of the different learning styles of learnerslearning styles of learners

4.Reference4.Reference

ESP practitioners have to be good ESP practitioners have to be good writers and providers of materialswriters and providers of materials

1.1.Select from what is availableSelect from what is available

2.2.Being creative with what is Being creative with what is availableavailable

3.3.Supplement by providing extra Supplement by providing extra input and activitiesinput and activities

Writers or providers of materials?Writers or providers of materials?

• Will the materials stimulate and Will the materials stimulate and motivate?motivate?

• To what extent does the material To what extent does the material match the stated learning objectives?match the stated learning objectives?

• To what extent will the materials To what extent will the materials support the learning?support the learning?

• Carrier content must be appropriateCarrier content must be appropriate• Real content must match course Real content must match course

objectivesobjectives

1.Selecting from available1.Selecting from available

2. Creative with what is available2. Creative with what is available

The situations might not always work to our favours

Freedom to choose may vary:• Total freedom to choose• Small range of materials to choose• Must use what is available

Match Match carrier contentcarrier content to to real real contentcontent

Provide varietiesProvide varietiesGrade activity level to Grade activity level to language levellanguage level

Present the materials wellPresent the materials well

3. Supplement by providing3. Supplement by providing extra input and activities extra input and activities

Materials that are provided by the Materials that are provided by the teacherteacher

Matching carrier content to real Matching carrier content to real contentcontent

Providing varietiesProviding varieties Grading exercisesGrading exercises

Teacher-generated materialsTeacher-generated materials

1. Matching carrier content 1. Matching carrier content to real contentto real content

Process

Point A Point B

| |

have some carrier content need material for specific objective

| |

determine its real content search for suitable carrier content

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match real and carrier content

to course framework

• Variety in micro-skillsVariety in micro-skills• Variety in activity typesVariety in activity types

Example:Example:•Extracting ideas from different Extracting ideas from different sourcessources

•Requiring learner’s own Requiring learner’s own knowledgeknowledge

•Simple calculationSimple calculation

2. Providing variety (a)2. Providing variety (a)

Variety in interaction:Teacher inputIndividual workPair workClass discussion

2. Providing variety (b)2. Providing variety (b)

• Providing learners with tasks at Providing learners with tasks at different levels of difficultydifferent levels of difficulty

• For students with mixed abilities, For students with mixed abilities, present the exercises in three levels:present the exercises in three levels:

- Unsupported- Unsupported

- Partially supported- Partially supported

- Fully supported- Fully supported

3.Grading exercises3.Grading exercises

4. Presenting the material well4. Presenting the material well

•Writing good, consistent rubrics Writing good, consistent rubrics (instructions)(instructions)

•Well planned out and proofreadWell planned out and proofread•Consistency in the material Consistency in the material

presentation helps learners to presentation helps learners to focus in learningfocus in learning

• Text comprehensionText comprehension•Learners prepare comprehension Learners prepare comprehension questions and answersquestions and answers

•Exchange the questions with Exchange the questions with another pair of learnersanother pair of learners

•Solve the given questionsSolve the given questions•Compare and discuss Compare and discuss

• Note-taking / information transferNote-taking / information transfer

2. Activities devised by learners2. Activities devised by learners

Materials that are created by the Materials that are created by the learnerslearners

ExamplesExamples:: Framework materialsFramework materials Activities that are devised by the Activities that are devised by the

learnerslearners

Learner-generated materialsLearner-generated materials

Framework materials Framework materials Compare and contrastCompare and contrast

Relocation of head office to a new siteRelocation of head office to a new site

London Midlands

Prestigious Space to Expand

Close to Heathrow Airport

Some loss of personnel

Traffic Congestion More flexible layout

Good road and air More Expensive

Supplement rather than replace traditional materials

Enjoyed by right-brained people because they like visual representation

Devising frameworks

Keep it simple, students

Using Framework MaterialsUsing Framework Materials

The EndThe End

Happy Studying Happy Studying &&

Good Luck Good Luck