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An ovoviviparous gastropod(Turritellidae, Zeocolpus) fromthe upper miocene of NewZealandJ. Marwick aa 70 Cambridge Terrace, Lower Hutt , New ZealandPublished online: 09 Jan 2012.

To cite this article: J. Marwick (1971) An ovoviviparous gastropod (Turritellidae,Zeocolpus) from the upper miocene of New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Geologyand Geophysics, 14:1, 66-70, DOI: 10.1080/00288306.1971.10422460

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1971.10422460

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66 N.Z. JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS VOL. 14

from Tenby, southern Wales (largest 22'0 mm long) entirely lack hinge teeth and sockets, although retaining a prominent escutcheon.

Thus Northern Hemisphere Hiatella arctica are variable and some speci­mens have better developed hinges and retain them longer than was thought by Dell. Hiat,ella solida (Sowerby) cannot be distinguished from H. arctica (Linnaeus) on hinge features alone. The very large size of southern Aus­tralian specimens seems to be the only major anomaly in the world pattern of variation of Hiatella, and Dell's suggestion of a genetic basis for their large size seems supported. Hia¢ella australis (Lamarck) is presumably an earlier name for H. angasi (A. Adams), although the holotype of H. australis should be examined to check this; the southern Australian species is tenta­tively identified as Hiatella australis. It is possible that South American specimens are conspecific with Hiatella australis (Lamarck) and not with H. arctica (Linnaeus J.

It is concluded that specimens of Hiatellai from throughout the world (except those from southern Australia) should be identified as H. arctica (Linnaeus), including those from New Zealand. The identification is pro­visional for South American populations. Southern Australian shells belong in a second species, here called H. dWstralis (Lamarck). If H. australis is sympatric with H. arctica in South America and southern Australia, adult H. arctica will not be distinguishable from juvenile H. dWstralis.

D1lLL, R. K. 1964: Antarctic and subantarctic Mollusca: Amphineura, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. Discovery Rep. 33: 93-250, pis. 2-7.

DURHAM, J. W. 1950: Cenozoic marine climates of the Pacific coast. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 61: 1243-64.

FL1lMING, C. A. 1966: Marwick's illustrations of New Zealand shells, with a checklist of New Zealand Cenozoic Mollusca. Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. indo Res. 173: 456 pp., 145 pIs.

STRAUCH, F. 1968: Determination of Cenozoic sea temperatures using Hiatella arc/ica (Linne). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. (Neth.) 5: 213-33, 4 figs.

AN OVOVIVIPAROUS GASTROPOD (TURRITELLIDAE, ZEPCOLPUS) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF

A NEW ZEALAND

J. MARWICK

70 Cambridge Terrace, Lower Hutt

(Received for publication 15 July 1969)

Retention of juveniles within the shell of the mother for some time after their emergen~ from t~e egg (ovoviviparity) oCCl~rs in several gastropod genera, and ddferent kmds of such brood protectIon have been outlined by Thorson (1946, p. 170, 186), Morton (1958, p. 124), and Fretter and Graham (1964, p. 155). Records of ovoviviparity in living members of the Turritellidae, however, seem to be quite rare, the only ones known to the

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No.1 NOTES ON FOSSIL MOLLUSCA 67

writer being that of Peile (1922, p. 13) for t?e east Aust~alian Turrite.lla gunni Reeve and that of Iredale who supplied the speCImens to Petie. Iredale (1924, p. 247) gave additional notes on gunni and proposed the genus Gazameda for it, citing "the characters of the protoconch, due to their viviparous habit" among the basic characters.

Strangely en'Ough, fossil turritellids have supplied more records of ov'Oviviparity in the family than have Recent 'Ones ; all are fr'Om the eastern United States 'Of America. They have been summarised, as listed below, by Palmer in tw'O sh'Ort papers (1958; 1961) in the first of which she made a sec'Ond rec'Ord f'Or T. pilsbryi Gardner that c'Ontained 104 juveniles and had previ'Ously held many m'Ore. She also qu'Oted Burns's (1899) statement that, in his sec'Ond specimen, the juveniles occurred "by the hundreds". The specimen 'Of Zeacolpus tarantJ'kiensis (Fig. 6) adds another rec'Ord t'O the list.*

Records of Ovoviviparity in Turritellidae

1899 : Burns, for T. cumberlandica Conrad, Miocene, Maryland. for T . indenta Conrad, Miocene, Maryland.

1922: Peile, for T. gunni Reeve, Recent, New South Wales. 1924: Iredale, for Gazameda gunni (Reeve), Recent, New South Wales. 1935 : Sutton, for T . alumensis Mansfield, Miocene, Florida. 1948: Gardner, for T. pilsbryi Gardner, Miocene, Virginia. 1958: Palmer, for T. Pilsbyyi Gardner, Miocene, Virginia.

7( 19;;: Marwick, for Zeacolpus taranakiensis Marwick, Miocene, New Zealand. 4c.. ((~d4)

The speCimen belongs t'O locality collection GS13l1, made by P. G. Morgan on what was probably his last field trip. Owing to his death in December 1927, this and two other collections from the same district escaped mention in the succeeding Annual Report of the Geological Survey. Consequently, particulars are given below; all are in Makuri Survey District and 8 to 10 miles east of Pahiatua, Northern Wairarapa District.

N150/ 324 (GS1309): near head 'Of Makaramu Creek (n'Orth side) in Section 18, close to north b'Oundary of Section 23, Block 6, Makuri Survey District. P. G. M'Organ, 17-6-1927.

N150/325 (GS1310): conglomerate with large greywacke pebbles, Waitak'Ot'Orua Creek, near west boundary 'Of Section 23, Block 6, Makuri Survey District, 100 yd bel'OW J. H. Ge'Orge's H'Omestead (N150/459239t). P. G. M'Organ, 16-6-1927.

N150/ 326 (GS1311): fossils lo'Ose or from boulders, upper part 'Of Waitak'Ot'Orua Creek at ! t'O 1 mile above J. H. George's Homestead, Section 18, Block 6, Makuri Survey District. P. G. M'Organ, 17-6-1927.

Vol. 14, No.1 (February 1971)

MARWICK, J. : An 'Ov'Ovivipa~ous Gastropod (Turritellidae, Zeacolpl/S) from the Upper MIocene of New Zealand.

p. 66, in title. For Zeocolptts read Zeacolpm. p. 67, line 23. F'Or 1969 read 1971.

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68 N.Z. JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS VOL. 14

Imm 3mm

t ,

'-----'

FIG. 6-0voviviparous Zeacolpus taranakiensis Marwick, GS1311, Waitakotorua

Creek, near Pahiatua, north-east Wellington (Tongaporutuan). New Zealand

Geological Survey, TM4470 (adult) and TM4471 (juvenile).

Mollusca from Makuri District (Ton gaporutua:n)

Glycymeris (Grandaxinea) ct. laticoslata (Q. & G) (Manaia) rapanuiensis Marwick

Ostr;~ sp. .... . .... Mesopeplum afI. hilli (Hutton) Dosinia (Kereia) cf. chathamensis Marwick Dosinia cf. zelandica Gray ... Zeacolpus taranakiensis Marwick Maoricolpus sp. Zegalerus sp. Maoricrypta radiata (Hutton) ..... 5truthiolaria ct. praenuntia Marwick . Struthiolaria (Callusaria) callosa Marwick Polinices aff. propeovatus (Marwick) . Polinices (Polin ella) scalplus (Marwick) ... Penion aff. accipitris (Finlay) ..... . Austro/usus (Neocola) gamma Finlay ..... . Baryspira (Alocospira) subhebera (Marwick) Baryspira (Gemmaspira) tirangiensis (Marwick)

Mauithoe ?cf. dilatata (Marwick), much worn Austrotoma aff. minor Finlay Dentalium solidum Hutton

tNot seen during revision.

1310, 1311 1309 1309 1310 1310 1310 1309, 1311 1311t 1311 1309, 1311 1311 1309 1309t 1309, 1311 1309 1309t 1311 1311 1309 1309t 1309, 1311

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No.1 NOTES ON FOSSIL MOLLUSCA 69

Glycymeris rapanuiensis, Zeacolpus taranakiensi:s, and Struthiolaria prae­nuntia are gQQd evidence of TQngapQrutuan age. Strllthiolaria callosa, Polinices scalptus, Austrofusus gamma, Baryspira tirangiensis, and Baryspira subhebera, althQugh ranging IQwer are widespread in the TongapQrutuan and are nQt known higher. TherefQre, GS1309 and mQst, if nQt all, Qf the specimens Qf GS1311 (including the turritellid cQncerned) can confidently be placed in the TQngaporutuan (Upper Miocene). The third collectiQn, GS1310, cQntains only fQur pelecypods; they could well be frQm the WaitQtaran, in agreement with J. T. Kingma's geolQgical map (1962) of Dannevirke area.

The matrix containing the juvenile shells is a slightly cQnsQlidated silty fine sandstQne, the larger grains of which are upwards Qf 0'2 mm in diameter. In this, about 35 individuals are partly or well eXPQsed. TO' esti­mate the Qriginal number is impQssibIe because most of the body whDrl of the mother, perhaps all of it, is missing, but 100 seems a cQnservative guess. All the observable juveniles are abQut the same size and at the same develQpmental stage, namely, a turbinate prQtocQnch Qf Qne whQrl and a teleQcQnch of one whorl, total height about 0'7 mm, diameter 0'5 mm. They are indeed at the same stage as the young European T IIrritella commllnis Risso from the plankton, figured by ThDrson (1946, p. 189, fig. 107), but are somewhat larger although having only one whorl to the protoconch compared with the two of communis. Lebour (1933, figs. 8, 9) has also figured juveniles of communis from the plankton, but they are about half the size of the New Zealand ones and at a noticeably earlier stage, having scarcely one-quarter whorl of teleoconch spirals. In contrast, the two juveniles of T. pilsbryi figured by Palmer (1958, figs. 2, 3) are much larger than any of these, being 3 mm and 2'5 mm high respectively. Possibly the New Zealand juveniles were not due for release from the mother until another whorl or two had been added, but comparisons with other species may mis­lead because of differences in height of adults. Whether release WQuid have been to the benthos or to the plankton is perhaps an open question, but the benthos seems the more likely.

The absence of any records of turritellid Dvoviviparity from Europe and Asia, with their rich Cenozoic and Recent molluscan faunas, is surprising. The chances Df preservation appear to be very low, but one WQuid suppose, taking account Df widespread slumping of marine sediments, not extremely so. There may be published records in Asian Dr European jQurnals that have escaped the nDtice of text-book writers and perhaps specimens are waiting discovery in museum collections. The small size of the juveniles could readily account for this. The present occurrence was overlooked by me in the original identifications for the faunal list and was discovered, mor,e or less accidentally, 40 years later during a revision of the Family.

BURNS, F. 1899: Viviparous Miocene Turritellidae. Nautilus 13 (6): 68-9. FRETTER, V.; GRAHAM, A. 1964: Reproduction. Pp. 127-64 in Wilbur, K. M., and

Yonge, C. M. (Eds) "Physiology of Mollusca." Vol. 1. Academic Press, N.Y. and London. 473 pp.; illus.

GARDNER, JULIA 1948: Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Pt. 2. Prof. Pap. U.S. !Jeol. Surv. 199B; 179-310, 15 pIs.

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[REDALE, T. 1924: Results from Roy Bells' qlolluscan collections. Prot, Linn. Soc, NS. r17. 49 (3): 179-278, 4 pIs.

KINGMA, J. T. 1962: Sheet 11, Dannevirke. "Geological Map of New Zealand, 1 : 250,000." Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington.

LEBOUR, MARIE V. 1933: The eggs and larvae of Turritella communis and Aporrhais pespelicani. J. mar. bioI. Ass. U.K., n.s. 18 (2) : 499; 506, 2 pIs.

MORTON, J. E. 1958: "Molluscs". Hutchinson University Library, London. 232 pp. 23 figs.

PALMER, KATHEIUNE V. W. 1958: Viviparous TUl'ritella pilsbryj Gardner. J. Pa/eont, 32 (1): 210-3, 3 figs.

1961: Additional note on ovoviviparous Turritella. J. Pa/eont. 35 (3); 633.

PElLE, A. J. 1922: Note on reproduction of Tltrritella. Prot. malac. Soc. Lond. 15 (1): 13.

SUTTON, A. H. 1935: Ovoviviparous reproduction of Miocene Turritellidae. Am. Midl. Nat. 16 (1): 107-9.

THORSON, G. 1946: Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates, with special reference to the plankton in the Sound (0resund). A1eddr. Kommn Danm. Fisk .. og Havunders., Plankton ser., 4: 523 pp.

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