Slide 1 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

This Online Learning Seminar is available through a professional courtesy provided by

American Hydrotech Inc303 East Ohio StreetChicago IL 60611Tel 312-337-4998 Fax 312-661-0731Toll-Free 800-877-6125 Email ceuhydrotechusacomWeb wwwhydrotechusacom

START

Protected Membrane Roof Assembly

copy2017 American Hydrotech Inc The material contained in this course was researched assembled and produced by American Hydrotech Inc and remains its property The LEEDreg Rating System was authored by and is the property of the USGBC Any portion of the Rating System appearing in this course is by permission of the USGBC Questions or concerns about the content of this course should be directed to the program instructor This multimedia product is the copyright of AEC Daily

An Overview of Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies

powered by

Slide 2 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

An Overview of Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies

American Hydrotech Inc303 East Ohio StreetChicago IL 60611

According to building professionals the solution to achieving an energy-efficient building envelope is to focus more on the roof Protected membrane roof (PMR) assemblies deliver thermal efficiency and can play a valuable role in a sustainable design strategy Presented in this course is a review of the components advantages ballast options and design and installation considerations of PMR assemblies

To ensure the accuracy of this program material this course is valid only when listed on AEC Dailyrsquos Online Learning Center Please click here to verify the status of this course If the course is not displayed on the above page it is no longer offered

This course is approved by other organizations Please click here for details

The American Institute of Architects middot Course No AEC965 middot This program qualifies for 15 LUHSW Hours

AEC Daily Corporation is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIACES) Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIACES for AIA members Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request This program is registered with AIACES for continuing professional education As such it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling using distributing or dealing in any material or product Questions related to specific materials methods and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation

Presented by

Description

Slide 3 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

AEC Daily Corporation has met the standards and requirements of the Registered

Continuing Education Program Credit earned on completion of this program will be

reported to RCEP at RCEPnet A certificate of completion will be issued to each

participant As such it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be

an approval or endorsement by the RCEP

Slide 4 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Purpose and Learning Objectives

Purpose According to building professionals the solution to achieving an energy-efficient building envelope is to focus more on the roof Protected membrane roof (PMR) assemblies deliver thermal efficiency and can play a valuable role in a sustainable design strategy Presented in this course is a review of the components advantages ballast options and design and installation considerations of PMR assemblies

Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this program participants will be able tobull list the three key elements of a successful waterproofing installationbull define the components (and their functions) that comprise a PMR assembly that combine to create a durable long-

lasting roofbull discuss the benefits of a PMR assembly including how it can contribute to LEEDreg certificationbull define the types of PMR assemblies that are available and explain how they may be utilized in a variety of energy-

efficient roof designs including green roofs blue roofs cool roofs and solar panel installations and bull state the design and installation considerations of a PMR assembly that are required to facilitate a successful

installation

Slide 5 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

How to Use This Online Learning Course

bull To view this course use the arrows at the bottom of each slide or the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard

bull To print or exit the course at any time press the ESC key on your keyboard This will minimize the full-screen presentation and display the menu bar

bull Some slides may contain video clips To view these video clips follow the instructions on individual slides

bull Within this course is an exam password that you will be required to enter in order to proceed with the online examination Please be sure to remember or write down this exam password so that you have it available for the test

bull To receive a certificate indicating course completion refer to the instructions at the end of the course

bull For additional information and post-seminar assistance click on any of the logos and icons within a page or any of the links at the top of each page

Slide 6 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Table of Contents

Introduction 7

Protected Membrane Roofs 10

Design Considerations 33

PMR Assembly Options 44

Installation 63

Summary 78

Click on title to view

Guggenheim Museum - AdditionRenovation New York NY12000 SF PMR4400 SF of PMR with raised architectural paver on existing structure

Slide 7 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Introduction

Trump International Hotel amp Tower Chicago IL 40300 SF Raised Architectural Paver PMR 5100 SF Vegetated PMR

Slide 8 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Waterproofing amp Roofing

The challenge in waterproofing and roofing is to get it right the first time otherwise the cost of doing it over can be ten times or more than the initial cost of the installation Furthermore the lost time in the construction schedule results in frustrating costly delays of the project

Notebull Greater than 70 of all building litigation today involves

moisture entry into a buildingbull The cost of a quality waterproofing and roofing installation is

typically less than 2 of the total building cost

Seward Aaron ldquoWhen It Leaks It Poursrdquo Architect Magazine June 06 2011

Slide 9 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Keys to Success

There are three keys to a successful waterproofing installation

1 Good designhellip(itrsquos in the details)bull Many roofing manufacturers will work with design

professionals to help them correctly detail and specify their products and assemblies

2 Quality products and assembliesbull It is important to choose quality waterproofing

products that are backed by a solid reputation and warranty

3 Experienced workmanshipbull Installation should be performed by fully trained

authorized installers

If any of the three keys are missing problems can occur

Slide 10 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Protected Membrane Roofs

Slide 11 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

The Conventional Roof

The typical roof must not only protect the building from water intrusion it must also insulate it to keep the building at the desired temperature

The adjacent illustration represents a conventional roof configuration composed of a waterproofing membrane insulation and structural deck Since most insulations lose their thermal properties when wet the roof membrane is placed on top As a result the membrane must function as more than just a waterproofing material

Conventional Roof

Membrane

Insulation

Structural Deck

Slide 12 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Concerns With Conventional Roof Assemblies

In a conventional roof assembly the membrane is vulnerable to many life-shortening environmental elements such asbull ultraviolet degradationbull ozonebull thermal cycling andbull impact from hailstones

Along with these environmental conditions and stresses the membrane is also subject to heavy foot traffic and physical abuse during construction and routine maintenance

All of these elements can weaken the integrity of the membrane eventually leading to leaks and the loss of thermal efficiency

Conventional Roof

Membrane

Insulation

Structural Deck

Slide 13 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Protected Membrane Roof (PMR)

Insulation technology has evolved over the years and some types like extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) are highly water resistant This insulation can be placed above the roof membrane protecting it from the elements while continuing to deliver thermal efficiency

This approach is referred to as an insulated roof membrane (IRM) or protected membrane roof (PMR) assembly

The main difference between PMR and conventional roofing is the sequence in which the materials are applied By reversing the insulation and waterproofing membranemdashinsulation on top of the membrane rather than beneathmdashthe cause of many roofing problems can be eliminated and the life expectancy of the roof can be increased

Protected Membrane Roof

MembraneInsulation

Stone Ballast

Concrete or Approved Substrate

Slide 14 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Components of a PMR

1 Ballast stone concrete pavers growing media etc

2 Filter fabric used to keep silt and fine stones out of the insulation boards

3 XPS insulation 40 60 or 100 psi

4 Protection layer provides a separation between the insulation and membrane

5 Waterproofing membrane hot rubberized asphalt (HRA) fabric-reinforced assembly consisting of 90 mil base coat reinforcing fabric and 125 mil top coat

6 Concrete or other approved substrate

1

2

3

4

5

6

Slide 15 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Waterproofing Membrane

The membrane in a PMR application is the waterproofing layer that is sandwiched between the roof deck and the insulation In a typical PMR assembly the membrane functions as the waterproofing barrier PMR assemblies should be installed with adhered membranes only

Membranes fall into five categoriesbull Two-ply modified bitumenbull Single-ply sheetsbull Cold liquid membranesbull Built up roofs (BUR) bull Hot fluid-applied rubberized asphalts (HRA)

For the purposes of this course we will be focusing on PMR assemblies made with fully-reinforced HRA membranes which consist of two coats of rubberized asphalt with a polyester mat in between

Slide 16 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Waterproofing Membrane

HRA is applied as a liquid that solidifies into a continuous monolithic membrane over the substrate It fully bonds to the substrate to eliminate lateral water migration Made with refined asphalts and synthetic rubbers HRA is a thermoplastic material that was originally developed to perform as a waterproofing membrane in wet (submerged) environments

Shown at right is an HRA fabric-reinforced assembly that is 215 mil thick more than three times thicker than most other fluid-applied waterproofing membranes

Thickness is an important benefit in that HRA exhibits the ability to self-heal and better accommodate developing cracks in a concrete substrate As well being thick flexible and durable it can accept rough substrates and easily conform to irregular surfaces

HRA Fabric-Reinforced Assemblybull 125 mil top coatbull Reinforcing fabricbull 90 mil base coat

Slide 17 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Waterproofing Membrane

HRA is a simple waterproofing system with one component 100 solids Because it has no solvents HRA eliminates on-site cure failures and two-part mixing and has no VOC restrictions

HRA can be installed at temperatures as low as 0degF (provided the substrate is clean dry and free of snow and frost The product is squeegee applied then the reinforcing membrane is laid in the material while still hot followed by a second coat of the rubberized asphalt

When using HRA detailing is simplified with triple protection at all critical locations

Furthermore HRA facilitates phased installation with ease of tie-ins from one dayrsquos work to the next No temporary waterproofingroofing is needed Dry in a structure with the membrane and protection course and the insulation and ballast can be installed later Once properly protected other trades can work over the membrane immediately

Slide 18 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Waterproofing Membrane

HRA is available in steel drums or in 40 lb cakes that are packaged in cardboard boxes for ease of disposal The material is melted to a fluid in a hot-air jacketed melter

An environmental grade is available with up to 25 recycled content

Slide 19 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Protection Layer

A protection layer is typically embedded into the waterproofing membrane to provide a separation between the insulation and the membrane since the membrane is often sticky It also provides protection to the membrane from physical abuse during construction

Slide 20 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

XPS Insulation

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is a rigid closed-cell insulation and is the only commercially produced roof insulation suitable for a PMR for more than 40 years

As a result of the properties imparted during the extrusion process combined with the hydrophobic nature of polystyrene XPS provides properties such asbull resistance to water and vaporbull thermal stability (R-value of 5 per inch)bull high compressive strength andbull dimensional stability

Furthermore XPS is chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) free reusable and recyclable

Slide 21 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

XPS Insulation Compressive Strength

XPS insulation is available in 40 psi 60 psi and 100 psibull 40 psi is used for typical ballasted PMR

applicationsbull 60 psi and 100 psi are intended for use in roof

plaza or parking deck applications where high compressive strength is a requirement

When specifying a PMR assembly it is important to verify design loads and ensure that the insulation is capable of supporting them

Additional physical properties of XPS insulation are presented on the subsequent slide

Slide 22 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

XPS Insulation Physical Properties

PROPERTY (UNITS)ASTM

METHOD 40 psi 60 psi 100 psi

Thermal Resistance C 518 50 50 50Aged R-Value per inch75degF mean temp

Compressive Strength (lbin2) min D 1621 40 60 100

Flexural Strength (lbin2) min C 203 60 75 100

Water Absorption ( by volume max) C 272 01 01 01

Water Vapor Permeance (perm) E 96 03‒08 03‒08 06‒11

Dimensional Stability( linear change max) D 2126 20 20 20

Coefficient of Linear ThermalExpansion (inin degF) 35 x 10-5 35 x 10-5 35 x 10-5

Complies with ASTM C578 Type VI VII V

Maximum Use Temperature (degF) 165 165 165

Slide 23 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

XPS Insulation Physical Properties

To expand on the physical property chart on the previous slidebull Values are consistent with the criteria of ASTM C578 and the requirements of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) R-

value rule (16 CFR Part 460) Note the higher the R-value the greater the insulating power

bull Water vapor permeance varies with the product type and thickness Values are based on the desiccant method and they apply to insulation 1Prime thick or greater

bull Vertical compressive strength is measured at 10 deformation (5 for 40 psi 60 psi and 100 psi products) or yield whichever occurs first Since XPS insulations are visco-elastic materials adequate design safety factors should be used to prevent long-term creep For static loads (dead loads) 31 is suggested for dynamic loads (live loads) 51 is recommended

bull R-values are expressed in degFbullft2bullhBtu

Slide 24 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Insulation Temperature Limitation

To prevent any potential curling or board warpage do not allow the surface temperature of the insulation to exceed 165degF at time of application This can occur when the ambient temperature exceeds 90degF but other influences such as site and building factors can contribute as well

Caution should be exercised if a prefabricated drainage layer with a black geotextile fabric is placed over the insulation If conditions are right it can absorbtrap enough heat from the sun to exceed this maximum temperature

Slide 25 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Insulation Air Space Drainage Layer

Some manufacturers recommend an air space or drainage layer be incorporated between the surface of XPS insulation and anything that may hold moisture for extended periods of time or trap moisture at the surface of the foam

This air space requirement was initiated due to a concern that water vapor driving through an assembly from the interior of the building (or underside of the foam) to the exterior would encounter the cold impervious topping material above the insulation and condense

This moisture would be trapped between the foam and the topping if no air space was available to allow the water to exitmdashessentially creating a ldquodiffusion closedrdquo condition

The exception to this rule is in warmer climates where the primary direction of vapor flow is from the exterior of the building to the interior Therefore the same concern over excess water absorption in XPS does not exist

Slide 26 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Filter Fabric

A water-permeable loose-laid filter sheet is typically required between the insulation boards and the ballast

The filter fabric is responsible for a variety of functionsbull Prevents the migration of fine particles from the ballast through the insulation board jointsbull Distributes wind uplift and buoyancy forces to reduce ballast requirementsbull Prevents displacement of the insulation boards under flotation conditionsbull Minimizes mechanical damage to the insulationbull Allows easy stone removal if access is required to flashings insulation andor membrane

Filter fabric is extended up at a roofrsquos perimeter (parapets curbs etc) and at roof penetrations

While there is no ASTM specification that defines suitable filter fabric suppliers of PMR assemblies have a list of approved materials These typically consist of non-woven mats (eg polypropylene or polyester) that are UV treated for greater durability It is important to ensure that the filter mats specified meet the insulationmembrane manufacturerrsquos specifications

A white filter fabric should be considered when the temperatures will exceed 90degF during installation

Slide 27 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Ballast

Ballast is the anchoring material used to hold the insulation in place The ballast protects the insulation from UV degradation and prevents wind uplift and excessive flotation

One of the advantages of using a PMR assembly is that once the membrane is installed designers can take advantage of various ballast options (eg gravel concrete and architectural pavers and vegetated roofs) to suit a specific projectrsquos needs

Since the membrane keeps the structure watertight and is monolithically applied directly to the deck design professionals can combine ballastassemblies knowing that drainage will occur at the membranedeck level regardless of the transition between assemblies

Stone Ballast

Architectural Concrete Paver Vegetated Roof

Slide 28 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Advantages of a PMR Assembly

Although PMR assemblies require additional insulation and ballast they provide long-term cost savings greater design flexibility efficiency during construction and significant energy efficiency over the life of the roof

In a traditional assembly membranes can be easily damaged by natural elements or construction traffic or from maintenance servicing rooftop HVAC units In contrast PMR assemblies have the insulation and ballast layer on top of the membrane which extends the life of the roof by a factor of 2ndash3 times

In a PMR assembly the insulation is laid after the membrane and can be handled in any weather condition The membrane can also be inspected or flood-tested before insulating and ballasting This process allows a building to be weatherproofed sooner permitting interior trades to start work more quickly to accelerate the entire construction process

A PMR can help reduce downstream waste during maintenance and demolition phases because the insulation fabric and ballast are loose-laid thus are often able to be reused This reduces landfill costs and minimizes environmental impacts Roof shims pedestals and standard roof pavers can also be reused if undamaged

Slide 29 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Advantages of a PMR Assembly LEEDreg v2009

PMR assemblies can contribute to LEED points and help a project earn LEED v2009 accreditation LEED has four levels of certification depending on the point thresholds achievedbull Certified 40ndash49 pointsbull Silver 50ndash59 pointsbull Gold 60ndash79 pointsbull Platinum 80 points and above

Slide 30 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Advantages of a PMR Assembly LEED v4

On October 31 2016 project registration closed for all LEED v2009 rating systems As of that date LEED v4 is the only version of LEED in which to register a new project

PMR assemblies can contribute to LEED v4 accreditation in the following categories sustainable sites (SS) water efficiency (WE) energy and atmosphere (EA) and materials and resources (MR)

Healthcare only

PMR and Vegetated Roof Assembles can contribute to meeting or exceeding ASHRAE 901ndash2010 The exact savings is influenced by many project and building variables

Slide 31 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Life Cycle Cost Advantage

An independent study comparing the average life cycles of various roof systems indicates PMR assemblies can maximize the life cycle benefit well beyond other roofing options (see adjacent chart)

So although the upfront costs of a commercial PMR assembly are higher than a traditional roof system a PMR solution will last much longer due to its exceptional durability

Slide 32 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Maintenance

Since the membrane in a PMR assembly is buried and protected minimal maintenance is required however conventional roofing practice suggests the roof should still be inspected at least twice a year (spring and fall)

bull Drains should be free of debris and free flowingbull Exposed flashings should be inspected for damagebull The ballast should be examined to see if there has been any wind scouring

Slide 33 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Design Considerations

Mashantucket Pequot Museum Mashantucket CT 75000 SF Vegetated PMR 48000 SF PMR

Slide 34 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Structural Requirements

In this section of the course we review the design considerations related to PMR assemblies beginning with structural requirements

All roofs must be designed to accommodate the dead loads and anticipated live loads that will be placed on them

Dead load refers to the weight of the roof assembly and other permanent elements such as mechanical and electrical equipment

Live load refers to temporary loads including people installation equipment and vehicles Wind snow ice and rain are also considered live loads

Rock amp Roll Hall of Fame Cleveland OH66000 SF Waterproofing17700 SF PMR Assembly

Slide 35 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Slope amp Drainage

All roof decks should provide proper drainage of the membrane

bull Sloped structural concrete deck ⅛Prime is adequatebull Dead level structural concrete deck is acceptable no slope

requiredbull Slope provided by a lightweight structural topping slab over the

structural concrete deck is acceptablebull Lightweight insulating or cellular concrete as a sloped topping is

NOT acceptable

The maximum slope for a typical PMR assembly is 2Prime in 12Prime

Sloped

Dead level

Lightweight structural topping slab

Slide 36 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Slope amp Drainage

Blue roof applications need a flat roof to maximize short-term water retention Stormwater (from both light and heavy rains) will drain from a zero-sloped roof through displacement and the force of gravity

Although ballasted the insulation will float somewhat in the field of the roof (extra ballast at perimeters and at drains helps to anchor the insulation in place)

Rainwater runs through the joints of the insulation and across the top to the drains

The weight of the insulation and ballast assists gravity and helps push water to the drains

Click on left image to start video (no audio) For mobile devices view the video on YouTube Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course

Slide 37 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Wind Design Factors Location of Project

Every roof should be designed to resist the wind forces as per ASCE 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

Design wind speed for the building location should be determined from the ANSIASCE Wind Speed Map or from the local code authority

Note The current standard ASCE 7-10 cited in current codes maps higher basic wind speeds and revised load combinations which reduce the wind speeds to ASCE 7-95 mapped speeds

Slide 38 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Wind Studies

Rather than using the ASCE 7-95 map design wind speed can be derived from a wind study (project specific) In the example below the numbers on the roof model indicate the strongest wind uplift pressures at various areas of the roof

Slide 39 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Other Wind Design Factors

Other wind design factors include the shape height and exposure of the building as well as its orientation to prevailing winds

Height of Roof Deck from Grade bull The roof height from the ground level to the top of the roofing system

can vary on different sides of the structure As a result the roof height should be based on the highest roof deck elevation

ldquoEffectiverdquo Parapet Height bull The parapet height is measured from the top surface of the ballast to

the top of the parapet or gravel stop Note if a gravel stop is used at the perimeter of the building its height above the ballast should be a minimum of 2Prime to contain the ballast

Effective parapet height

Height of roof deck above grade

Slide 40 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Other Wind Design Factors Building Exposure

The surrounding terrain has an effect on the overall wind exposure of the structure For example buildings situated on plains or shorelines have little protection against winds Conversely buildings located in sheltered areas (eg where surrounding buildings are taller and offer some wind resistance) have greater protection

North River Water Treatment New York NY 1200000 SF Waterproofing

ATampT Corporate Center Chicago IL 37400 SF PMR20200 SF Waterproofing

Slide 41 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Ballast Designs

Designers of PMR systems have a variety of ballast designs to choose from depending on the building height parapet height membrane attachments and wind speed

Manufacturers typically provide tables organized by membrane attachment method and building height and list the ballast design that is required for each roof condition

To determine the appropriate design selectbull building heightbull design wind speedbull parapet heightbull building site exposure

bull P=somewhat protectedbull E=full exposure

Slide 42 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Ballast Design Example 1

Ballast Design Example 1bull Height of roof deck from grade

bull 105 feet = Table Cbull Location of project

bull St Louis MO = 90 mph design wind speed

bull ldquoEffectiverdquo parapet heightbull 22 inches = Sub-table C1

Use Ballast Design 1

Slide 43 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Ballast Design Example 2

Ballast Design Example 2bull Height of roof deck from grade

bull 105 feet = Table Cbull Location of project

bull Houston TX = 130 mph design wind speed

bull ldquoEffectiverdquo parapet heightbull 22 inches = Sub-table C1

Use Ballast Design 3

or

Slide 44 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

PMR Assembly Options

Optima Old Orchard Skokie IL 26000 SF PMR 93300 SF Vegetated PMR

Slide 45 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Choosing a PMR Assembly

This section of the course begins with a review of the factors that should be considered when selecting a PMR assembly solution followed by a discussion of the options that are available

The choice of a PMR assembly is dependent on the requirements of the project

Questions to ask includebull What is the intended use of the roof

(ie terrace vegetated roof etc)bull What are the structural requirementsbull What are the ownerrsquos needs bull Are there any aesthetic considerationsbull Does the project site present any limitationsbull What is the budget

901 Cherry Avenue San Bruno CA 20000 Waterproofing 63000 SF PMR

Slide 46 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

PMR Assembly Options

Once the project requirements have been determined the design team needs to select a PMR assembly that best meets the needs of the client

There are a variety of PMR assemblies availablebull Stone ballast bull Lightweight assemblies bull Concrete pavers (ballast)bull Raised concrete pavers (architectural)bull Raised wood tilesbull Vegetated roofs

Additionally PMR assemblies can be utilized for a range of energy-efficient roof solutions including cool roofs solar panel installations and blue roofs

Stone Ballast Lightweight Roof

Concrete Pavers Vegetated Roof

Slide 47 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Stone Ballast

Stone ballast should be sound hard washed stone or gravel freeze-thaw resistant with a 1Prime clear size It must be free of fines or stones smaller than ⅝Prime or larger than 1-⅜Prime The majority of stones should be frac34Primeto 1-frac14Prime in size

The weight of the stone ballast will depend on the wind design requirements of the roof Typically minimum weight recommendations are as followsbull 10‒13 lbsf in the field of the roofbull 15‒22 lbsf at perimeters and penetrations (stone or concrete pavers)bull 18‒22 lbsf at roof corners

The stone ballast is spread uniformly over installed fabric and insulation to provide minimum weight requirements

Slide 48 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Lightweight PMR Assembly

PMR assembliesmdashfeaturing a lightweight concrete-faced insulation boardmdashare available that are ideal for metal decks

There are two types of lightweight PMR assembliesbull Standard ⅜Prime latex-modified concrete 45 lbsfbull Heavy 1516Prime latex-modified concrete 11 lbsf

A row (or multiple rows) of concrete pavers along a roofrsquos perimeter and at large penetrations will also add to the assembly weight

Slide 49 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Concrete Pavers

Pavers are ideal for installations where greater wind resistance is required (at building corners perimeters entire roof) or when roof-top traffic requires a more durable and walkable surface

bull Pavers can be used to create narrow roof walkways to facilitate access to rooftop equipment

bull In areas that are exposed or experience high winds pavers may be used to prevent wind scouring

bull In a PMR assembly additional ballast is required around the building perimeter Depending on the design pavers may be substituted for conventional stone ballast

bull For plaza decks with light traffic requirements pavers can replace stone ballast completely Some designs require the pavers be raised from the surface of the fabric and insulation (raised architectural pavers are covered further in this section)

Slide 50 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Concrete Pavers

Numerous paver sizes colors and finishes allow for great design flexibility and can turn a roof into an amenity for tenants

Concrete pavers should be manufactured from minimum 3000 lbin2 concrete with a minimum weight of 18 lbft2

Concrete paver size and corresponding thickness will determine overall weight per square foot

The paver choice (weight) may depend on the wind design requirements of the roof

Slide 51 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Raised Architectural Pavers

Architectural paver assemblies are available that are ideal for roof terraces vegetated roofs and plazas A standard 2Prime thick architectural concrete paver (24Prime square) typically weighs 25 lbsf

The pavers are installed in an open joint assembly supported at the four corners on spacer tabs or adjustable pedestals to ensure a diffusion open design The open joints facilitate the flow of water below the paver surface to concealed drains while also eliminating ponding water and trapped moisture

Drains and all assembly components are accessible If needed pavers can simply be lifted and reset in place so maintenance and alterations can be easily completed

These assemblies provide installation flexibility as the pavers can be set to an established grade and even leveled where a sloped deck exists

Pavers on tabs Pavers on pedestals

Slide 52 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Raised Architectural Pavers Rock Curbs

Rock curbsmdashused to separate paver walkways from vegetated spacesmdashare available to complement a raised architectural paver assembly

MEMBRANE

ROOT BARRIER

INSULATION

Slide 53 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Raised Interlocking Architectural Pavers

Concrete pavers can provide the necessary weight and wind resistance that typical stone roof ballast canrsquot However in some cases a buildingrsquos wind design may require something more

For installations that require pavers that can withstand high-wind conditions a raised interlocking architectural paver system was developed This assembly features unique three-piece pedestals and specially-shaped pavers that lock together forming a monolithic open joint paver surface across the roof

Slide 54 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Raised Wood Tiles

Wood tiles made from ipecirc massaranduba and other hardwoods are a great alternative to concrete architectural pavers exhibiting warmth and beautiful aesthetics for a roof deck They are available with a smooth surface or with a ribbed scuff-resistant surface These wood tiles are fabricated from very dense durable hardwoods that provide excellent resistance to weather

Made from repurposed wood from the furniture market and other industries wood tiles may be able to satisfy certain recycled content requirements Wood tiles fabricated from Forest Stewardship Councilreg(FSC) certified sustainable sources are also available The wood tiles can be periodically treated with oil to preserve and enhance their original color or left untreated to develop a natural aged finish

This type of assembly requires supplemental stone ballast (as depicted) under the wood tiles to provide proper ballasting for the loose-laid insulation The wood tiles are installed on adjustable pedestals that include a fastening kit to help lock them down for added security

Ipecirc Smooth Ipecirc Ribbed MassarandubaRibbed

Slide 55 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Vegetated PMR Assemblies

In a vegetated PMR assembly the growing media provides the ballast

Replacing the impervious surface of a conventional roof with a vegetated roof can help to substantially reduce stormwater runoff and restore the balance with nature in our urban centers

A vegetated roof provides additional usable space increases roof assembly longevity and helps to mitigate the heat island effect more effectively than a white reflective surface

Available in the market are a wide range of vegetated PMR assemblies to suit virtually any design requirement Some examples are shown on the following slide

Slide 56 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Vegetated PMR Assemblies

Extensive Designed to be lightweight and support hardy plants this option is considered low maintenance with no irrigation required in most climates This is an excellent choice if your objective is to mitigate the effects of urban heat islands and reduce stormwater runoff

Sloped A sloped vegetated roof can be designed for visibility and viewing from a wider range of locations not just standing on the roof Slopes ranging from 212 up to 1212 are possible for extensive and limited intensive applications provided the appropriate measures are taken to cope with the shear forces and soil retention

Lawn This option designed with a slightly deeper soil depth supports sod lawns and perennials Irrigation will depend on the plant choices and climate Generally accessible by adjacent hardscape areas such as a patio beautiful additional usable space can be created

Intensive Deeper soil depths are required to support a wide variety of plants shrubs and trees Often designed to be accessible for recreational use this option is intended to replicate a yard or garden on the roof Irrigation and regular maintenance are necessary

Slide 57 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Cool Roofs

For projects that are looking for sustainable solutions or LEED credits PMR assemblies are suitable for cool roof applications A cool roof is commonly determined by its solar reflectance index (SRI) (a composite of a roofrsquos solar reflectance and thermal emittance) The higher the SRI the cooler the roof will be in the sun For example a clean black roof has an SRI of 0 while a clean white roof has an SRI of 100 A minimum SRI value of 78 is required in order to qualify for LEED points

Solar Reflectance A roofrsquos ability to reflect the heat of the sun

Thermal EmittanceA roofrsquos ability to radiate absorbed heat

Slide 58 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Cool Roofs

Some quarries can produce a very white aggregate with an SRI value greater than 78 in order to qualify for LEED credit (not available everywhere)

White pavers can provide an SRI of 81 or better

A high-reflective white coating can be applied to a lightweight PMR assembly to achieve an SRI of 109

Slide 59 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Cool Roofs

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) reports in ldquoEvaluating the Energy Performance of Ballasted Roof Systemsrdquo that a ballasted system with a minimum of 17 lbsf performed at the same or better level of thermal performance compared to ENERGY STARreg rated cool roof products such as a white TPO membrane

Furthermore ASHRE 901-2007 addendum recognizes a ballasted roof as a type of cool roof

OR

17 lb of stone ballast or 2Prime concrete pavers equal the thermal performance of a white TPO membrane

Slide 60 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Solar Panel Installations

A PMR assembly is ideal for solar panel installations The assembly protects the roof membrane from physical abuse during the solar panel installation and throughout routine maintenance required to keep the panels functioning over the years The PMR assembly will outlast the typical 25ndash30 year life expectancy of the solar panels

All major panel manufacturers offer their own panel racking solutions many offer ballasted racking solutions that donrsquot need to be attached to the structure minimizing penetrations through the roof membrane

Slide 61 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Blue Roofs

Interest in blue roofs is on the rise especially in major metro areas like New York City Philadelphia Chicago and others

The term ldquoblue roofrdquo refers to a roof that is designed to capture and slowly release stormwater to slow the rate of runoff and reduce the potential for flooding This allows a cityrsquos existing sewer infrastructure to handle the excessive runoff from surrounding buildings and hardscape Most blue roofs are designed to detain up to 3Prime of rain for a period of 24ndash48 hours however municipalities that are encouraging the blue roof concept may set their own criteria

PMR assemblies can be easily configured as a blue roof utilizing control flow drains however the ballast weight must be increased to counteract the buoyancy of the insulation

Control Flow Drains

Click on top image to start video (no audio) For mobile devices view the video on YouTube

Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course

Slide 62 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Blue Roofs

PMR systems can be designed as blue roofs using stone ballast concrete paver or vegetated roof assemblies

Click on image to start video (no audio) For mobile devices view the video on YouTube Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course

Slide 63 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation

Pacific Bell Administration Offices San Ramon CA 446500 SF PMR

Slide 64 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Acceptable Substrates Poured-in-Place Concrete

Acceptable substrates for PMR assemblies include concrete (poured-in-place precast existing) plywood and metal

Poured-in-Place Concrete Substratesbull Structurally sound concrete should be utilized do not use lightweight

insulating concrete (lt90 pcf) or cellular concretebull A wood-float finish is acceptable steel trowel is not required Surfaces

with ridges swirls etc that are high enough to prevent a monolithic application of the membrane are not acceptable

bull The cure time is typically 14 days for structural weight concrete but may be less if good drying conditions exist

bull It is recommended to use only concrete curing compounds and form release agents that are approved by the supplier

bull Concrete surfaces should be dry frost free and cleaned of all contaminants such as dirt dust oil grease or laitance

Slide 65 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Acceptable Substrates Existing Concrete amp Precast Concrete

Existing ConcreteWhen the project is a renovation the existing (failed) membrane must be removed and the concrete surface scarified and shot blasted

Precast ConcreteFor precast concrete installations adequate structural support is required to limit deflection

Slide 66 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Acceptable Substrates Metal Deck Applications

For metal deck installations substrate requirements are as follows ⅝Prime minimum thickness if applied directly to metal deck frac12Prime minimum thickness if over tapered insulation

Slide 67 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Acceptable Substrates Plywood

Plywood substrates must be frac12Prime thick (minimum) with tongue and groove joints Adequate structural support is required to limit deflection

Slide 68 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Equipment Melters

Melters used for the preparation of the membrane can be propane diesel or electric powered depending on preference or code restrictions

The International Fire Code (IFC) 3032 permits the use of melters on non-combustible decks whereas the use of asphalt (tar) kettles and pots is restricted

Melter safety featuresbull Enclosed flamebull Containment area around melterbull Indirect heating (double shell)bull Temperature control guardsbull Fire extinguishers

Propane Melter

Diesel Melter

Electric Melter

Slide 69 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 1 Substrate Preparation

Letrsquos review a typical PMR installation step-by-step using a horizontal poured-in-place concrete substrate application

Substrate preparationbull Ensure deck is clean dry and frost freebull Complete mat test per ASTM D4263bull Deck is swept with a broom then blown with an air compressor to remove

all debrisbull A surface conditioner is applied (spray or roller) until substrate is tanned

(not blackened) Allow to thoroughly dry

Note that this is intended to be only an illustration and must not be considered a suitable guideline governing the installation of the products

Slide 70 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 2 Detailing

Next detailing of the perimeter and all penetrations is completed This consists of a polyester fabric encapsulated between two layers of an HRA membrane

The fabric is typically usedbull to reinforce cracks and changes in planebull as reinforcement at drains expansion joints or any

transitions between dissimilar construction materials andbull as a flashing for exposed parapets walls and curbs in

roofing installations

Slide 71 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 2 Detailing

Shown below triple protection is provided for all critical detailing conditions such as curbs wall flashing expansion joint flashing and drains

Drain Detailing

Curb Flashing Wall Flashing Expansion Joint Flashing

Slide 72 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 3 Membrane Application

Once all of the detailing work has been completed the membrane is installed in the field of the deck The membrane is typically applied as a fabric-reinforced assembly (215 mils)

The first coat of the HRA membrane is installed at 90 mils with a layer of polyester fabric embedded into it the second layer of membrane is installed at 125 mils

For horizontal applications the membrane is easily squeegeed into place

The membrane is roller applied for vertical applications such as foundations and planters

Slide 73 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 4 Protection Layer

To complete the installation of the waterproofingroofing assembly the protection course is installed This is done as the membrane is being installed so that a good bond is attained between them

As previously mentioned the protection layer prevents adhesion and allows the insulation to be loose-laid It also protects the membrane from light construction traffic

Note that extra protection is required where the roof may become a staging area for other trades As shown in the lower image this project has a polyethylene sheet and plywood placed over the completed membrane for added protection

Slide 74 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 5 Quality Control Testing

It is strongly recommended that the integrity of the membrane installation is verified prior to installing the subsequent topping materials

Two acceptable leak detection test methodsbull Flood testing (2Prime minimum water depth for 24ndash48 hours)bull Electric conductivity testing (preferred method)

Electric Conductivity Testing

Flood Testing

Slide 75 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 6 Drainage Layer

Install drainage layer if required

Slide 76 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 7 Insulation amp Filter Fabric Placement

Next the insulation must be properly installed then covered by the stone filter fabric

Insulation placement guidelinesbull Board should be butted together with a maximum ⅜Prime gap

between boards staggering end jointsbull The recommended stagger between boards is 4prime At a

minimum each board should have at least an 8Prime staggerbull Fit the insulation around protrusions and obstructions

with a maximum frac34Prime gap to minimize heat lossbull Subsequent layers of insulation should be offset (from

the previous layer) by laying at a 90deg angle

Slide 77 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Installation Step 8 Ballast Placement

Install the ballast in accordance with the manufacturerrsquos instructions

Stone Ballast Lightweight PMR Assembly Pavers Vegetated Roof

Please remember the exam password DURABLE You will be required to enter it in order to proceed with the online examination

Slide 78 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Summary

LDS Conference Center Salt Lake City UT 30000 PMR 360000 Waterproofing

Slide 79 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Important Points

bull There are three keys to a successful waterproofing installation good design quality products and assemblies and experienced workmanship

bull In a conventional roof assembly the membrane is vulnerable to many life-shortening elements these stresses can weaken the integrity of the membrane and lead to loss in its waterproofing qualities and thermal efficiency

bull In a PMR assembly the insulation is laid after the membrane By reversing the insulation and waterproofing membrane the cause of many roofing problems can be eliminated and the life expectancy of the roof can be increased

bull Additional benefits of a PMR assembly include long-term cost savings greater design flexibility efficiency during construction minimal maintenance and significant energy efficiency over the life of the roof

bull A PMR can help contribute to LEED points and reduce downstream waste during maintenance and demolition phasesbull All PMR assemblies must be designed to accommodate the dead loads and anticipated live loads that will be placed on

thembull All roof decks should provide proper drainage of the membrane the maximum slope for a typical PMR assembly is 2Prime in

12Primebull Wind design factors include location of the project the shape height and exposure of the building and its orientation to

prevailing windsbull There are a variety of PMR assemblies available stone ballast lightweight assemblies concrete pavers (ballast) raised

concrete pavers (architectural) raised interlocking architectural pavers raised wood tiles and vegetated roofs

Slide 80 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Important Points

bull PMR assemblies can be utilized for a range of energy-efficient roof solutions including cool roofs vegetated roofs solar panel installations and blue roofs

bull Acceptable substrates for PMR assemblies include concrete (poured-in-place precast existing) plywood and metal deck with a coverboard

bull Propane diesel and electric melters can be used for the preparation of the membrane bull Steps of a typical PMR installation (horizontal poured-in-place concrete substrate application)

1 Properly prepare the substrate2 Detail the perimeter and all penetrations3 Install the fabric-reinforced waterproofing membrane (215 mils)4 Install the protection course5 Verify the integrity of the waterproofing membrane (flood testing or electric conductivity testing)6 Install the drainage layer (if required)7 Properly install the insulation then apply the stone filter fabric8 Install the ballast in accordance with the manufacturerrsquos instructions

bull A PMR roofing solution offers a myriad of benefits over a conventional roof assembly and can play a valuable role in a sustainable design strategy

Slide 81 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

Conclusion

If you desire AIACES state licensing or CE credits for another organization please click on the button to commence your online examination A score of 80 or better will allow you to print your Certificate of Completion you may also go to your AEC Daily Transcript to see your completed courses and certificates

For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance click on the Ask an Expert link above

If you have colleagues that might benefit from this seminar please let them know Feel free to revisit the AEC Daily website to download additional programs from the Online Learning Center

copy2017 American Hydrotech Inc The material contained in this course was researched assembled and produced by American Hydrotech Inc and remains its property The LEEDreg Rating System was authored by and is the property of the USGBC Any portion of the Rating System appearing in this course is by permission of the USGBC Questions or concerns about the content of this course should be directed to the program instructor This multimedia product is the copyright of AEC Daily

QuestionsAsk an Expert ndash click here

Click Here to Take the Test

MORE

powered by

Slide 82 of 82copy2017 ∙ Table of Contents

bull About the Instructor bull About the Sponsor bull Ask an Expert

lt gt

References amp Resources

Dow Building Solutions ldquoProtected Membrane Roof Installation Guidelinesrdquo Nd

Fricklas Richard L ldquoProtected Membrane Roof Systemsrdquo Buildings Interiors amp Sources Stamats Communications Inc June 13 2007

Seward Aaron ldquoWhen It Leaks It Poursrdquo Architect Magazine June 06 2011

ldquoTech Solutions 5081 Ballast Design Guide for PMR Systems (US)rdquo Dow Chemical Company January 2009 httpmsdssearchdowcomPublishedLiteratureDOWCOMdh_02720901b80380272b71pdffilepath=styrofoampdfsnoreg179-04395pdfampfromPage=GetDoc Accessed September 2016

Exit