School of Education Technology , Beijing Normal University

An Organization Model for Ubiquitous Learning Resource

Shengquan Yu yusq@bnu.edu.cn

http://www.etc.edu.cn

Apr, 2012, Beijing

Sorry, my English is poor, I

prepared the presentation in

English, but I will talk with Chinese.

Research Questions

Progresses of Learning Resource Sharing Technologies

Reusable

Learning Unit

SCORM

Learning objects

IMS LD

Learning activities

Share of learning

content

Engineering methods and

standards for learning content

sharing

share of education strategies

and learning designsFuture path?

�How to share generative information during learning process

�How to evolve learning content to adapt to all personalized demands?

�How to share social cognition network as well as resources?

�How to share interactive learning tools?

�How to implement content aggregation based semantic technology?

�How to relate learning processes?

Ubiquitous Learning

• On demand: Anytime, Anywhere, Mobile…

But more:

• Social

• Situated

• Context awareness

• Adaptive

Learning Resource Needed in

Ubiquitous Learning

• Anything about everything(泛在学习需要无处不在的

海量学习资源)

• Adaptive: learning needs & all kinds of devices(需要适

应性的学习资源)

• Collective intelligences(需要“人”的资源，需要共享社

会认知网络)

• Evolutive resources(需要可进化的学习资源)

• Situated Knowledge: help learner solve real similar

problems(需要情境化的学习资源)

Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies

• Born in Web1.0 era

• Only supports one-way information

communication

• More focus on formal learning, less on

informal learning

Deficiencies of Current Learning Technologies

• Emphasize learning resources and activities

sharing in a close structure

– Ignores the continuous updating of learning

resources

– Ignores dynamic and generative connection of

learning resources

– Not able to share learning tools and activities in

open environment

Human factors are ignored in Learning resources

• Ignores building up dynamic relationships

between learners and teachers with learning

resources

• Effective learning cannot happen with only

learning objects

• P2C（People to Content）� P2P（People to

People）

The static, hierarchical aggregation model cannot

cater for personalized learning

• Existing learning resources are based on static meta

data, not able to extend according to different

disciplines and application scenarios

• The organization of learning resources is based on

tree-structure, not able to support network based

knowledge deployment,

• Not suitable for micro-sized and highly discrete

generative content

• Needs more emphasize on the intelligence, context-

awareness and adaptability of u-learning resources

Proposal of Learning Cell

The organizational model and key technologies

of u-Learning resource

This research try to

proposal a new kind of

learning source

organizing model——

Learn Cell

The Concept and Architecture of

Leaning Cell

The Concept of ”Learning Cell”

• The meaning of “cell”

– Component: learning cells can compose higher-level

learning resources, like a cell（标准化特征）

– Origin : learning cells grow from small to big, from weak

to strong , like a cell（可成长特征）

– Nerve cell: unite to get intelligence, like cells（可联接

的集体智慧特征）

Core Design ideas of Learning Cell

• Generative & Evolvable

• Cohesive

• Social

• Open

• Context aware

• AccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibilityAccessibility

• AdaptabilityAdaptabilityAdaptabilityAdaptability

• AffordabilityAffordabilityAffordabilityAffordability

• DurabilityDurabilityDurabilityDurability

• InteroperabilityInteroperabilityInteroperabilityInteroperability

• ReusabilityReusabilityReusabilityReusability

Including the character of Learning ObjectIncluding the character of Learning ObjectIncluding the character of Learning ObjectIncluding the character of Learning Object

The Ubiquitous Learning Process based on

Learning Cell

Ubiquitous Learning

Mobile phone scree Television screenVisual screenComputer screen

Delivering Learning Service

Adaptive DisplaySkim, Interaction

Delivering Interpersonal NetworkDelivering Learning Resources

Delivering the SocialCognitiveNetwork behind ResourcesService Interface

Educational Cloud Computing Cernter

Runtime Environment Architecture

Learning Cell

Repository

Content

StorageCall

Back to

Learning cell

Connecting

Recording

Learning Interactive

Learning Tools & KNS

Learning Portfolio

Edit tools

Create

Create

Aggregate to Course

Learning Environment

Inquire & Learn

Design ideas: Open

Structure of Learning cell

LearningContent

GenerativeInformation Running

Environ

ment for Learning

Cell

LearningTools

Update

Records

Open Tools form Other Websites

Learner

Ontology

Open Structure

CreateEdit

LearningActivity

Integrating Learning Activity into

Learning Content

Objective instruction

Learning content

Learning activities

Practice Assessment

Tool Base：

BBS

Interactive Q&A

Online survey

Online quiz

Subject tool

……

Learning Content

Learning Activity

Open APIs to link external learning

ecosystem

Opensocial

Open services

• Runtime information communication through

open services

– “Learning cell” is open structured, and can communicate with

other applications and share information

– Resource sharing over organizations and systems

Run T

ime

Enviro

nm

ent

Learning Cell Service tool

library

Information

needed by

learning

cells

1

2 3

45

tell grab

getput in

(or link)

Learning

cell

service

Design ideas: Evolvable

Make learning resources evolve orderly

• Learning Resource is Not Presetting,

But Generating!

The evolution of resources

– Save procedural information when learning resources

are used.

– Elements of learning cells include current version

information, editing process description(e.g.: notes or

revisions) and past versions.

– The evolution and development is not aimlessly ,but in

a structured and aggregated way, which is related to

the interior knowledge structure model

1

2009-03-122009-03-12 2009-04-072009-04-07 2009-04-282009-04-28 2009-05-092009-05-09

time

2 3 4

the Growth of Knowledge

the Growth of Collective Intellgence

• Describe users and editors in LCs, relate physical

resources to human resources

• Making LMSs share social network as well as physical

resources through sharing LCs between cross-

domain systems

the Growth of Knowledge

Using semantic technology to represent,

inquiry and reasoning knowledge

Design ideas: Cohesive

Resource organization based on knowledge ontology

Learning Cells can Aggregating to

Knowledge Group & Knowledge Cloud

Knowledge Group

Knowledge Group

Knowledge Cloud

Aggregation Model

• Different from tree structure of learning objects’

aggregation model, the aggregation model of “learning

cell” is a dynamic network

• From resource organization to knowledge organization;

From linear tree-form structure to network structure

Net-Structured Aggregation Model

• The formation of dynamic link– Creators of learning cells aggregate related learning cells

into a larger knowledge network

– Users of learning cells discover related learning cells or other learning resources during learning process, and put them in a personalized knowledge network

– By setting subject keywords, similar learning cells and resources are searched automatically with the assistance of some semantic analysis functions to find new links

– Analyze intelligently other learning cells that users have visited, to find out related element and form links

– Users can find learning partners through links of learning cells to form social network links among users

Semantic Navigation

• Visual tag navigator

Visual tag navigator

Domain resource aggregation

based Semantic Technology

Design ideas: Social

Emphasize the connections between

resources and users

We learn not only from content

.htm

.htm

.htm

.jpg

.jpg

.doc

.htm

.msg

.htm

.htm

But also from people connected

with the content

.htm

.jpg

.doc

.xls

.msg.htm

.htm

.jpg

.msg

.htm

Rout

er

Switch

Knowledge become the connecting path,

from SNS to KNS

Design ideas: Context aware

Knowledg

e ontology practice

content

assessment activiti

es

Generative

information

Metadata,

aggregation model

Multiple

format

Service interface

Learning cells stored

in cloud-computing

environment

Co-editing,

Learning activities,

Communication service,

Test & Assessment

Editing

records

Usage

records

Learning

community

Assessment

recordsActivity

records

Generative

information

Sharable

learning

resources

Glacier Model

of” learning cell”

Content Adapt According Context

Knowledge

ontology

PracticeContent

AssessmentActivities

Generative

information

Metadata,

aggregation model

Multiple

format

Content stored in cloud-computing environment

Co-editing,

Learning activities,

Communication service,

Test & AssessmentEditing

records

Usage

records

Learning

community

Assessment

recordsActivity

records

Generative

information

Sharable

learning

resources

Service interface

Learning cell

Request ContextLearning Cell

using dynamic

structure

Content Adapt According Context

Principle of

Account Balance

Learning Cases

Trading

Company

Case

High-tech

Company

Case

Advisory

Company

Case

Manufacturing

Company Case

Referred by an

accountant in

Trading Company

Referred by an

accountant in

Trading Company

Referred by an

accountant in

Advisory Company

Referred by an

accountant in

Manufacturing Company

Adaptive Different Cloudy Terminals

Dynamic Display Structure

Electronic Books Display

Web Pages Display

Templates

center3D Display

Inquire

Type

Presentation

Type

Intractive

Type

Multi

Formats

Learning Cell

Web Pages Format Android App Format

Electronic Books Format

Learning pattern

– Learning by reading/ learning by listening/ learning by watching (接受中学)

– Learning by doing/ acting （做中学）

– Learning by connecting（联系中学）

– Learning by re-organizing（重构中学）

– Learning Comparing（同题异解，在比较中学）

– Learning by reflection（反思中学）

– Learning by communicating（交流中学）

– Learning by teaching（教中学）

– Learning by creating（创造中学）

Information Model of Learning Cell

学习元与学习对象的多维比较

学习对象学习对象学习对象学习对象 学习元学习元学习元学习元

历史背景历史背景历史背景历史背景 解决 e-Learning 领域教育资源的混乱无序、独

占隔离、简单重复、缺乏共享、低效检索等问题；

面向对象计算机科学思想的引入

语义网、云计算、普适计算等新技术的涌现与发展；网

络教学范式的转变

概念及特征概念及特征概念及特征概念及特征 强调可重用、数字化、支持学习；

可访问性、适应性、可承受性、持久性、互操作、

重用性

强调重用、进化、智能、人际网络、过程性信息；

生成性、开放性、联通性、社会性、进化发展、内聚性、

智能性、微型化

学习理念学习理念学习理念学习理念 行为主义和认知主义学习理论 社会建构主义、情景认知理论

信息组织信息组织信息组织信息组织 他组织、单向信息传递 自组织、双向信息传递

信息模型信息模型信息模型信息模型 以学习内容为核心 学习内容基础上附件学习活动、生成性信息、KNS 和语

义本体

存储结构存储结构存储结构存储结构 单点独立存储 云存储模型

质量控制质量控制质量控制质量控制 专门的资源建设团队控制质量 基于社会信任机制的质量控制、知识本体控制

共享范围共享范围共享范围共享范围 低层次的内容共享 高层次的教学智慧共享，包括学习活动、学习工具、人

际信息、学习的过程性信息等

Summary�Learning cell……

� Extends shareable learning resources in space dimension

� Extends shareable learning resources in time dimension

� Adopts semantic aggregation mode, integrating content provided by

different learners according to certain knowledge structure, which is a

more practical resource sharing and co-editing mode.

� Utilizing cloud-computing and SOA technologies, making the platform

highly open and extensible; On one hand, learning cells that are

deposited in distributed devices and systems can be shared; on the

other hand, it supports plug-in tools, providing multiple content and

functions.

• Projects– CETV: “New Media Learning Supermarket”

– Higher Education Press: ”Knowledge Community”

– NSFC : Learning Resource Design and Sharing in Ubiquitous Learning

Environment

Research progress

Research progress

• Prototype system of learning cell

——English version &Chinese version

• Website： http://lcell.bnu.edu.cn

Learning Cell

Knowledge Group Knowledge Cloud

Learning Community

Space

Learning Tools

Collective Learning Environment

Personal Learning Environment

Research progress• Append learning activities and resources

Research progress• Knowledge network service

Research progress• Visual Knowledge Network

Research progress• Visual Interpersonal Network

Research progress• Collaborative editing

Research progress• Micro-annotation

Research progress• Visual history version

Research progress• Version comparison

Research progress• Embed into your blog: KGroup Embeder

Research progress• Collaborative building of knowledge ontology

Research progress• Visual relation edit

Research progress• Visual tag cluster

Research progress• Visual tag navigator

Research progress• Visual tag navigator

Research progress• Domain resource aggregation（领域资源聚合）

Research progress• Open gadget tools

Adaptive Display

Research progress• Split Scorm package to Learning Cells

Thanks for your comment!

Prototype system: : : : http://http://http://http://http://http://http://http://lcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cnlcell.bnu.edu.cn