an introduction to multicultural education james banks 2002

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An Introduction to An Introduction to Multicultural Multicultural Education Education James Banks James Banks 2002 2002

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Page 1: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

An Introduction to An Introduction to Multicultural EducationMulticultural Education

James BanksJames Banks

20022002

Page 2: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Dimensions and Dimensions and School CharacteristicsSchool Characteristics

Five Dimensions:Five Dimensions:

Content integrationContent integration The knowledge construction processThe knowledge construction process Prejudice reductionPrejudice reduction An equity pedagogyAn equity pedagogy An empowering school culture and An empowering school culture and

social structuresocial structure

Page 3: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Dimensions and Dimensions and School CharacteristicsSchool Characteristics

Content IntegrationContent Integration

The extent to which teachers use The extent to which teachers use examples and content from a examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to variety of cultures and groups to illustrate key concepts, principles, illustrate key concepts, principles, generalizations, and theories in generalizations, and theories in their subject area or discipline.their subject area or discipline.

Page 4: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Dimensions and Dimensions and School CharacteristicsSchool Characteristics

The Knowledge Construction ProcessThe Knowledge Construction Process

The extent to which teachers help The extent to which teachers help students to understand, investigate, and students to understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural determine how the implicit cultural perspectives, and biases within a perspectives, and biases within a discipline influence the ways in which discipline influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed within it.knowledge is constructed within it.

Page 5: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Dimensions and Dimensions and School CharacteristicsSchool Characteristics

Prejudice ReductionPrejudice Reduction

The characteristics of students’ The characteristics of students’ racial attitudes and how they can be racial attitudes and how they can be modified by teaching methods and modified by teaching methods and materials.materials.

Page 6: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Dimensions and Dimensions and School CharacteristicsSchool Characteristics

An Equity PedagogyAn Equity Pedagogy

Teachers modify their teaching in Teachers modify their teaching in ways that will facilitate the ways that will facilitate the academic achievement of students academic achievement of students from diverse racial, cultural, and from diverse racial, cultural, and social-class groups. social-class groups.

Page 7: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Dimensions and Dimensions and School CharacteristicsSchool Characteristics

AAn Empowering School Culture and Social n Empowering School Culture and Social StructureStructure

A school culture that empowers A school culture that empowers students from diverse racial, ethnic, students from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural groups.and cultural groups.

Page 8: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Eight Characteristics of a the Eight Characteristics of a the Multicultural SchoolMulticultural School

1.1. Attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs, and Attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs, and actions of the school staffactions of the school staff

2.2. Formalized curriculum and course of Formalized curriculum and course of studystudy

3.3. Learning, teaching, and cultural styles Learning, teaching, and cultural styles favored by the schoolfavored by the school

4.4. Languages and dialects of the schoolLanguages and dialects of the school

Page 9: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Eight Characteristics of a the Eight Characteristics of a the Multicultural SchoolMulticultural School

5.5. Instructional materialsInstructional materials

6.6. Assessment and testing proceduresAssessment and testing procedures

7.7. The school culture and the hidden The school culture and the hidden curriculumcurriculum

8.8. The counseling programThe counseling program

Page 10: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

Students and teachers make Students and teachers make paradigm shifts and view the paradigm shifts and view the American and world experience from American and world experience from the perspectives of different racial, the perspectives of different racial, ethnic, cultural, and gender groups.ethnic, cultural, and gender groups.

Page 11: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation Goal of multicultural education:Goal of multicultural education:

1.1. To increase educational equality for both To increase educational equality for both gender groups, for students from diverse gender groups, for students from diverse ethnic and cultural groups, and for ethnic and cultural groups, and for exceptional students andexceptional students and

2. To develop the knowledge, skills, and 2. To develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to survive and function attitudes needed to survive and function effectively in a diverse global worldeffectively in a diverse global world

3.3. To develop cross-cultural competenciesTo develop cross-cultural competencies

Page 12: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

Transformation of assumptions, beliefs, Transformation of assumptions, beliefs, and structures, within schools regardingand structures, within schools regarding

1.1. How students learnHow students learn

2.2. Human abilitiesHuman abilities

3.3. The nature of knowledgeThe nature of knowledge

Page 13: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

Four levels of a transformed curriculum;Four levels of a transformed curriculum;

1.1. The contributions approachThe contributions approach

2.2. The additive approachThe additive approach

3.3. The transformation approachThe transformation approach

4.4. The social action approachThe social action approach

Page 14: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

The contributions approachThe contributions approach

Focuses on holidays, heroes, and Focuses on holidays, heroes, and discrete cultural elementsdiscrete cultural elements

Page 15: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

The additive approachThe additive approach

Content, concepts, themes, and Content, concepts, themes, and perspectives are added to the perspectives are added to the curriculum without changing its curriculum without changing its structurestructure

Page 16: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

The transformation approachThe transformation approach

The structure of the curriculum is The structure of the curriculum is changed to enable students to view changed to enable students to view concepts, issues, events, and concepts, issues, events, and themes from the perspective of themes from the perspective of diverse ethnic and cultural groups.diverse ethnic and cultural groups.

Page 17: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

The social action approachThe social action approach

Students make decisions on Students make decisions on important social issues and take important social issues and take actions to help solve them.actions to help solve them.

Page 18: An Introduction to Multicultural Education James Banks 2002

Curriculum TransformationCurriculum Transformation

Curriculum transformationCurriculum transformation

teaches students teaches students

to know, to know,

to care, and to care, and

to act!to act!