Second YearSecond Year

11stst term term

Lecturer: Matthew TrewLecturer: Matthew Trew

Student:Boeurn MakaraStudent:Boeurn Makara

Topic:Topic:

BuddhismBuddhism

Room: Kampong ThomRoom: Kampong Thom

Code:00697Code:00697

Due date :Feb 4,2010Due date :Feb 4,2010

To snatch this chance I would express a great thanks to teacher Metta who To snatch this chance I would express a great thanks to teacher Metta who assigned assigned

me this well-essence topic. And would gratify to your best effort in organizing me this well-essence topic. And would gratify to your best effort in organizing many interesting slides in comparing all popular religions in the world for this many interesting slides in comparing all popular religions in the world for this

term. term.

This achievement is considered a special contribution to me and my future life This achievement is considered a special contribution to me and my future life and and

all classmates as well as Being an access to shape my life better in society .all classmates as well as Being an access to shape my life better in society .

Thank PUC where always commits himself to be an excellence catalyst for all Thank PUC where always commits himself to be an excellence catalyst for all students students

here. I expect that in the up-coming future I’ll see Cambodia is advanced and here. I expect that in the up-coming future I’ll see Cambodia is advanced and replete replete

with real human resources and I would declare to maintain and practice with real human resources and I would declare to maintain and practice Buddhism Buddhism

immortally so that all humans in the world live in peace and love forever.immortally so that all humans in the world live in peace and love forever.

Sincerely,Sincerely,

Makara BoeurnMakara Boeurn

SurvivalsSurvivals

• According to cultural anthropology, According to cultural anthropology, religion has five important points for religion has five important points for humans. So in Buddhism the Survival humans. So in Buddhism the Survival means that the five perceptions is means that the five perceptions is survived.survived.

• Five perceptions:Five perceptions:1.1.No killingNo killing - respect for lives- respect for lives2.2.No stealing – respect for others’ propertyNo stealing – respect for others’ property3.3.No sexual misconduct – respect for our pure natureNo sexual misconduct – respect for our pure nature4.4.No lying – respect for honestyNo lying – respect for honesty5.5.No intoxicants – respect for a clear mindNo intoxicants – respect for a clear mind

The real monk:The real monk:Monk means’’ someone who feeds his life based on foots ‘’ the real role of Monk means’’ someone who feeds his life based on foots ‘’ the real role of

monk is monk is

to study examine and understand about the real Dharma in purpose to to study examine and understand about the real Dharma in purpose to educate andeducate and

purify his spirit to rescue all beings .And clean him self toward Nibbana.purify his spirit to rescue all beings .And clean him self toward Nibbana.

The contemporary monk:The contemporary monk:• Teach laymen and laywomen the concepts of BuddhaTeach laymen and laywomen the concepts of Buddha

• Practice Dharma stick to discipline and promote the virtuesPractice Dharma stick to discipline and promote the virtues

• Access to education ( university, high school, professional training)Access to education ( university, high school, professional training)

• Enable to build his new life Enable to build his new life

• Access to employments after leaving from monkshoodAccess to employments after leaving from monkshood

• Improve human resources and relief the hardship of societyImprove human resources and relief the hardship of society

• Recognized by societyRecognized by society

Bibles or ManuscriptsBibles or ManuscriptsBibles in Buddhism called,’’Preah Tray BeDok Bibles in Buddhism called,’’Preah Tray BeDok ““these bibles are divided into three kinds:these bibles are divided into three kinds:

1.1.A Phi Thom Bedok:A Phi Thom Bedok:Represent of Chet ( Heart ) Chetasek ( a kind of Represent of Chet ( Heart ) Chetasek ( a kind of nature which is born and depleted with heart. nature which is born and depleted with heart. Chetasek is like an agent that purify the heart Chetasek is like an agent that purify the heart or damages it ) Roub ( physiques ) and or damages it ) Roub ( physiques ) and NibbanaNibbana

2.2.Viney Bedok:Viney Bedok:The bibles that regulate disciples for monks andThe bibles that regulate disciples for monks andBuddhists including the permissions and the Buddhists including the permissions and the duties what to practice for monks and priests.duties what to practice for monks and priests.

3.3.So Ton Bedok:So Ton Bedok:Stories and biographies of certain individuals Stories and biographies of certain individuals also mentioned a lot about deities and Puk Kalia also mentioned a lot about deities and Puk Kalia Ti Than ( Raising an individual to exemplify and Ti Than ( Raising an individual to exemplify and study as an evidence or example)study as an evidence or example)

These bibles were These bibles were compiled into 110 books compiled into 110 books which possess 84000 which possess 84000 Chapters. These Were Chapters. These Were classified as in ranges:classified as in ranges:

A Phi Thom Bedok=42000 A Phi Thom Bedok=42000 chapterschapters

Viney Bedok = 21000 ChaptersViney Bedok = 21000 Chapters

So Ton Bedok =21000 ChaptersSo Ton Bedok =21000 Chapters

Killing AnimalsKilling Animals

• Sins will follow you in every lives. You Sins will follow you in every lives. You can’t commit merits to compensate can’t commit merits to compensate to your evil deeds.to your evil deeds.

• Someone who killed animals is Someone who killed animals is believed there will have a lot of believed there will have a lot of diseases and short age ;as, when you diseases and short age ;as, when you kill animals it means that you defile kill animals it means that you defile one life. one life.

MagicMagic• Celebrate various religious etiquettes are parts of Hinduism Celebrate various religious etiquettes are parts of Hinduism

so there have no magic in Buddhism. For examples, pouring so there have no magic in Buddhism. For examples, pouring the water, inviting the soul entering human body, make a the water, inviting the soul entering human body, make a magic napkin to defend from dangers. Etc.magic napkin to defend from dangers. Etc.

• Accordingly, the magic of Buddhism doesn’t refer to any Accordingly, the magic of Buddhism doesn’t refer to any acts that harm another but his magic is virtue. Remarkably, acts that harm another but his magic is virtue. Remarkably, the magic that Khmer believed mostly is used Bali words of the magic that Khmer believed mostly is used Bali words of Buddha, called reciting the Bali; however, this doesn’t Buddha, called reciting the Bali; however, this doesn’t mean Buddha is magic but because of the belief in power mean Buddha is magic but because of the belief in power and enlightenment of Buddha as well as a gratitude to and enlightenment of Buddha as well as a gratitude to Buddha people use Bali to symbolize of purity and energy Buddha people use Bali to symbolize of purity and energy for laymen and laymen.for laymen and laymen.

• Khmer always commemorate of Buddha, Dharma and Singa Khmer always commemorate of Buddha, Dharma and Singa when they encounter dangers.when they encounter dangers.

Buddha and ReligionBuddha and Religion

• Buddha enlightened about Buddha enlightened about natural rules that all humans on natural rules that all humans on the earth can practice .This rules the earth can practice .This rules is for universe .is for universe .

• The mentoring of Buddha was The mentoring of Buddha was compiled to be courses for lives compiled to be courses for lives called Dharma and Dharma later called Dharma and Dharma later on was generated to be a on was generated to be a religion by his followers; religion by his followers; however, we can’t clarify however, we can’t clarify whether Buddhism is a religion whether Buddhism is a religion or how but we still reluctant to or how but we still reluctant to say Buddhism is a religion.say Buddhism is a religion.

There are many different definitions There are many different definitions Propounded about religions as examples;Propounded about religions as examples;1.1. Religion is the belief in spiritual beings .Religion is the belief in spiritual beings .2.2. Religion is a set of beliefs and patterned behaviors Religion is a set of beliefs and patterned behaviors

concerned with supernatural being and forces.concerned with supernatural being and forces.3.3. Religion is a set of beliefs and practices pertaining to Religion is a set of beliefs and practices pertaining to

supernatural beings and forces.supernatural beings and forces.4.4. Religion is all that is not natural, that which is Religion is all that is not natural, that which is

regarded as extraordinary , not of the ordinary regarded as extraordinary , not of the ordinary world, mysterious or unexplainable in ordinary world, mysterious or unexplainable in ordinary terms.terms.

5.5. Religion is an institution consisting of culturally Religion is an institution consisting of culturally populated superhuman beings. Etc.populated superhuman beings. Etc.

Psychological Psychological FunctionsFunctions

Social FunctionsSocial Functions

Ecological FunctionEcological Function

• Cohesive FunctionCohesive Function

• Supportive FunctionSupportive Function

• Educational FunctionEducational Function

• Disciplining FunctionDisciplining Function

• Revitalizing FunctionRevitalizing Function

• Explanatory FunctionExplanatory Function

• Euphoric FunctionEuphoric Function

• Ecological FunctionEcological Function

His enlightenmentHis enlightenment

• He spent for four Asungkhay He spent for four Asungkhay Kamray 100000 kab for his Kamray 100000 kab for his enlightenment.enlightenment.

• One Asungkhay = Writing One Asungkhay = Writing number one adds140 times of number one adds140 times of zeroes zeroes

• One Kab = One time of the One Kab = One time of the globe explosionglobe explosion

This period he achieved 10 merits and the This period he achieved 10 merits and the last of his incarnation was known last of his incarnation was known Siddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama in India. This final in India. This final he used Vippasana meditation observing he used Vippasana meditation observing all suffers in body by examination in Sok all suffers in body by examination in Sok Vetanea ( Happiness ) ,Tuk Vetanea Vetanea ( Happiness ) ,Tuk Vetanea ( suffering ) ,Saumanus Vetanea ( suffering ) ,Saumanus Vetanea ( Harmony ) ,and Tumanus Vetanea ( Harmony ) ,and Tumanus Vetanea ( Saddness ) which generate a reaction ( Saddness ) which generate a reaction between hearts and bodies.between hearts and bodies.

Three main results of his Three main results of his enlightenmentenlightenment

• He knows after dying where all living He knows after dying where all living beings will be bornbeings will be born

• Know redundantly all reincarnations of all Know redundantly all reincarnations of all human beingshuman beings

• How to eliminate Aseiveak KilesHow to eliminate Aseiveak Kiles

• “ “ Aseivek Kiles” are sorts of all bad causes Aseivek Kiles” are sorts of all bad causes which are roots of suffering. which are roots of suffering.

Extinctions of BuddhismExtinctions of Buddhism

• The extinction of Buddhism was predictedThe extinction of Buddhism was predictedthat it stems from all his practitioners like that it stems from all his practitioners like monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen.monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen.

• Those will deny Buddhism because theyThose will deny Buddhism because theylack consideration which leads to the loose lack consideration which leads to the loose of practices.of practices.

• Weak belief and scanty acceptance ; this will be Weak belief and scanty acceptance ; this will be gradually decreased .Similarly, we can compare gradually decreased .Similarly, we can compare this fact to barn and rice.this fact to barn and rice.

• There had a prediction that in the future all There had a prediction that in the future all people will not believe in Buddhism .By people will not believe in Buddhism .By that time humans will kill each others and that time humans will kill each others and they’re non-rational. Afterwards they will they’re non-rational. Afterwards they will use ladders to climb a short height plant use ladders to climb a short height plant called Troub Treecalled Troub Tree

• Afterwards some will rush in to jungles Afterwards some will rush in to jungles because they can’t sustain their lives. Then because they can’t sustain their lives. Then they’ll abstain from killing until their lives they’ll abstain from killing until their lives extend to 80000 years old. Later there will extend to 80000 years old. Later there will have an activist called Preas Si Amatrey have an activist called Preas Si Amatrey ( in Christian this might use the word ( in Christian this might use the word Messiah) comes to bear from pregnant of a Messiah) comes to bear from pregnant of a mother and he’ll leave out to be a monk mother and he’ll leave out to be a monk and practice to become Preah Si Ametrey and practice to become Preah Si Ametrey by then he’ll help educate and salvage all by then he’ll help educate and salvage all beings for 80000 years before he is died. beings for 80000 years before he is died.

Some Foreign authors:’' Buddhism Some Foreign authors:’' Buddhism makes Cambodia poor’’makes Cambodia poor’’ misconception!!misconception!!• Buddha said :”All people need four benefactions to survive Buddha said :”All people need four benefactions to survive

“ “ – 1. clothing1. clothing– 2. accommodations2. accommodations– 3. foods3. foods– 4. medicine .Humans can’t live without them so all has to work to 4. medicine .Humans can’t live without them so all has to work to

exchange with these but he told not to be greedy or ambitious. This exchange with these but he told not to be greedy or ambitious. This doesn’t mean that Cambodians accept not to be rich like those doesn’t mean that Cambodians accept not to be rich like those foreigners’ conclusion.foreigners’ conclusion.

• War ( In Long Vek time, a great Khmer frontier was set fire War ( In Long Vek time, a great Khmer frontier was set fire by the tricks of Thaisby the tricks of Thais sacred documents and strategies in sacred documents and strategies in battleship as well as our wise men and the other precious battleship as well as our wise men and the other precious stuffs were confiscated and recent plague was a long stuffs were confiscated and recent plague was a long colony and the envy of exploiters , organizational colony and the envy of exploiters , organizational regime……..)regime……..)

• Societal factors ( Government , drug trafficking, corruption, Societal factors ( Government , drug trafficking, corruption,

unemployment rate, health care………)unemployment rate, health care………)

Current beliefs of Young Current beliefs of Young Generation of Cambodia to Generation of Cambodia to BuddhismBuddhism• The monk preached that some one The monk preached that some one

who is Buddhist just in words but who is Buddhist just in words but never learns profoundly about the never learns profoundly about the philosophy of Buddha this is compared philosophy of Buddha this is compared similarly to similarly to – spoon in a dish but never knows what is spoon in a dish but never knows what is

the flavor of soupthe flavor of soup– Chicken that carries gold in its beak but Chicken that carries gold in its beak but

doesn’t know it is precious.doesn’t know it is precious.

Possess but not learnPossess but not learn

Learn but not understandLearn but not understand

Understood but not practiceUnderstood but not practice

Practiced but possibly make mistakesPracticed but possibly make mistakes

Belief will be weaken and those who follow Belief will be weaken and those who follow

Buddhism will deplete this religion from Buddhism will deplete this religion from the the

World.World.

Dangers to BuddhismDangers to Buddhism

Buddhism never teaches people weakBuddhism never teaches people weak!!!!!!

• Today we start our Vipassana Meditation Retreat: mental training, Today we start our Vipassana Meditation Retreat: mental training, or mental development. Why should we train our mind? Because or mental development. Why should we train our mind? Because we want to free it from all kinds of mental distortions such as we want to free it from all kinds of mental distortions such as greed, hatred, anger, stresses, strains, and despair. When our greed, hatred, anger, stresses, strains, and despair. When our mind is free from all kinds of these mental distortions we can live mind is free from all kinds of these mental distortions we can live blissfully and peacefully. That's why we have to train our mind, by blissfully and peacefully. That's why we have to train our mind, by means of Vipassana meditation or insight meditation.means of Vipassana meditation or insight meditation.

• Buddha does not only teach slight Dharma for ordinary Buddha does not only teach slight Dharma for ordinary humans .His education is not an education for physical or wordy humans .His education is not an education for physical or wordy path but mainly focus on hearted path as human is heart and path but mainly focus on hearted path as human is heart and heart is human .Not the eternal for the eternal is the mixture of heart is human .Not the eternal for the eternal is the mixture of four elements are land, water ,fire and air but the most important four elements are land, water ,fire and air but the most important is the internal spirit because all the causes of activities of humans is the internal spirit because all the causes of activities of humans derived from heart .derived from heart .

Four Protective MeditationsFour Protective Meditations

• When you have done this you should develop the Four Protective When you have done this you should develop the Four Protective Meditations for some minutes. These four are (1) recollection of Meditations for some minutes. These four are (1) recollection of the Buddha's attributes; (2) development of loving-kindness or the Buddha's attributes; (2) development of loving-kindness or metta towards all living beings; (3) reflection upon the loathsome metta towards all living beings; (3) reflection upon the loathsome nature of our body; (4) reflection on the nature of death.nature of our body; (4) reflection on the nature of death.

                 

             

               

             

            

             

    

According to the definition we can also call According to the definition we can also call Buddha is a religion because of people considered it as a religion; Buddha is a religion because of people considered it as a religion;

also, it also, it serves the functions of supernatural belief systems.serves the functions of supernatural belief systems.

And the concepts of beliefs is shaped differently but the aim of And the concepts of beliefs is shaped differently but the aim of religions is to relief from suffering . That’s reason Christians, Islam, religions is to relief from suffering . That’s reason Christians, Islam, Taoism…….. Usually has its followers up to millions.Taoism…….. Usually has its followers up to millions.This depends on their beliefs or conformism.This depends on their beliefs or conformism.For example in Christianity, you are rescued if you believe For example in Christianity, you are rescued if you believe In God and practice what God commanded. So this is easy toIn God and practice what God commanded. So this is easy toclean sins through your trust in God but who know God is existed.clean sins through your trust in God but who know God is existed.Sometimes I think religion is a government that stipulated law to Sometimes I think religion is a government that stipulated law to

controlcontrolpeople and universal harmony; nevertheless, the ideas of religionspeople and universal harmony; nevertheless, the ideas of religionsprecisely claim that to help people out.precisely claim that to help people out.

NeverNever Forget,Forget, my best my best friendsfriends