REVIEW : 1

TITLE: AN IMPROVED GEOCAST FOR MOBILE Ad Hoc NETWORKS

M.KarthikReg No:094501114007

GUIDE:Lavanya.R MCA.

HCL GUIDE:S.REMA MCA.

OBJECTIVE:

• Geographic addressing of packets within mobile ad hoc network enables novel applications,including hard real-time engagement simulation in military training systems,geographic command and control functions in training and emergency communications,and commercial messaging application as well.

• The most scalable implementation of geoaddressing is via a geocast protocol,where nodes selectively retransmit packets based on local decision rules.

• Well designed retransmission heuristics yield scalable geographic flooding that outperforms alternative geoaddressing approches.

Continue….• Previous geocast implementations, while effective, fall into two

categories. Approaches based on flooding are unscalable due to the high load they generate.

• Scalable approaches, on the other hand, have trouble in complex environments, lacking sufficient intelligence about the necessary directionality of packet flow.

• The present paper defines a novel geocast heuristic, the Center Distance with Priority (CD-P) Heuristric, which both significantly improves on reliability of existing scalable geocast and yet also remains scalable as scenario complexity increases.

EXISTING SYSTEM:

The present paper makes three primary novel contributions:

A novel Geocast, based on a new heuristic, the Center Distance with Priority (CD-P) Heuristic

 A flexible framework for integrating geocast heuristics,

including the previously studied M and T heuristics, with CD-P (and others)

An evaluation study comparing CD-P to existing geocast heuristics and showing empirically that it outperforms them, while still scaling well.

 

Continue… Geocast is a network protocol for sending a packet to all nodes

within a defined geographic region termed as the geocast region.  The Center-Distance (CD) Heuristic is to support the CD Heuristic,

we first arugment the statistics collection process as follows: each time a node hears a transmission of a geocast packet p for geocast ID I, it calculates the distance from the transmitter of p to the center of the geocast region CGRðp.

 Adding Priority Queuing is to ultimately solve this scalability

problem, the CD-P Heuristic imposes the additional condition that each node prioritizes its transmit queue by center-distance improvement.

 

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

CD-P produces 10 transmissions, four fewer than CD produced and generally CD-P improves dramatically on CD for these linear scenarios.

Success% measures the fraction of feasible geocasts that reached the target node. The goal of a geocast implementation is high Success% with low Latency.

 The reliability difference is due to a drastic

difference in (re)transmissions per message.

Continue….Heuristic can improve success% over pure

greedy approaches, it can also select overly long paths, resulting in high latency or packet drops due to reaching time-to-live limits.

 In Trajectory-Based Forwarding (TBF) the

sender specifies a parameterized geometric curve as a kind of generalized “route” to the destination(s).

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT:

Processor : PENTIUM IV 2.6 GHz

RAM : 256Mb and above

Hard Disk : 10 GB.

Monitor : VGA and High Resolution Monitor

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

Front End : Java

Operating System : Windows xp

Back End : SQL Server 2005

ABOUT HCL

•Hcl founded in 1976, is one of India's original IT garage start-ups. Its range of offerings spans Product Engineering, Applications, BPO, IT Infrastructure Services, IT Hardware, Systems Integration, and distribution of ICT products.

• The HCL team comprises over 59,000 professionals of diverse nationalities, who operate from 20 countries including over 500 points of presence in India.

Continue….•HCL Infosystems Ltd, with revenue

(LTM) of $2.8 billion (Rs. 12,439 crores) is India's premier information enabling

•HCL has global partnerships with several leading Fortune 1000 firms, including leading IT and Technology firms.

Continue…•HCL today has India's largest vertically integrated

computer manufacturing facility with over three decades of electronic manufacturing experience & HCL desktops is the largest selling brand in the enterprise space.

•HCL has India's largest distribution and retail network, taking to market a range.ICT brands, including Apple, Cisco, Ericsson, Kingston, Kodak, Konica Minolta, Microsoft, Nokia, Toshiba, and many more.

JAVA:

•Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems

• which has since merged into Oracle Corporation and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform

.

Continue…•The language derives much of its syntax from

C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities.

• Java applications are typically compiled  to bytecode  (class file) that can run on any  Java Virtual Machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.

Continue…• Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-

oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

• It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere," meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be edited to run on another.

• Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 10 million users.[10][11]

SQL SERVER:

• SQL-SERVER database consist of six type of objects They are,

• 1. TABLE

• 2. QUERY

• 3. FORM

• 4. REPORT

• 5. MACRO

Continue…• TABLE:• A database is a collection of data about a specific topic.

• VIEWS OF TABLE:

• We can work with a table in two types,• 1. Design View• 2. Datasheet View

• Design View

• To build or modify the structure of a table we work in the table design view. We can specify what kind of data will be hold.

Continue…• Datasheet View• To add, edit or analyses the data itself we work in tables datasheet

view mode.

• QUERY:• A query is a question that has to be asked the data. Access gathers data that

answers the question from one or more table. The data that make up the answer is either dynaset (if you edit it) or a snapshot(it cannot be edited).Each time we run query, we get latest information in the dynaset.Access either displays the dynaset or snapshot for us to view or perform an action on it ,such as deleting or updating.

• FORMS:• A form is used to view and edit information in the database record by

record .A form displays only the information we want to see in the way we want to see it. Forms use the familiar controls such as textboxes and checkboxes. This makes viewing and entering data easy.