an approach to curriculum development
DESCRIPTION
An Approach to Curriculum Development. GME Lunch n Learn Series Cuc Mai September 2012. ACGME Program Requirements. Common Program Requirements: Competency -based goals and objectives for each assignment at each educational level Internal Medicine Specific Program Requirements: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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An Approach to Curriculum
DevelopmentGME Lunch n Learn Series
Cuc MaiSeptember 2012
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• Common Program Requirements:• Competency-based goals and objectives for each
assignment at each educational level
• Internal Medicine Specific Program Requirements:• For each rotation or major learning experience, the
competency based goals and objectives (the written curriculum) must contain the educational plan, goals and objectives, educational methods, and the evaluation tools that the program will use to assess the resident’s competence.
ACGME Program Requirements
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Recognize key components of curriculum development
Demonstrate how each of these components can be used to benefit learners and promote scholarly activity
Identify resources to improve curriculum development skills
Goals & Objectives
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A Six Step Approach to Curriculum Development
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Develop a curriculum to teach residents about how to diagnose and treat musculoskeletal diseases and increase number of joint injections performed during residency.
Example Case
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Builds a rationale for the curriculum Focuses the curriculums’ goals and
objectives Focuses the educational and evaluation
strategies Makes you an expert and scholar
Step 1: Problem Identification & General Needs Assessment
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Step 1. Problem Identification
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Step 1. General Needs Assessment
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Musculoskeletal disorders are common and a major cause of disability
Patients want quick access Training increases confidence and decreases
referrals National organizations recommend training in
musculoskeletal exam; diagnosis; management Preferred training is in clinical practice with
trained preceptors
Step 1. Problem Identification & General Needs Assessment Example
Houston TK et al. A primary care musculoskeletal clinic for residents: success and sustainability. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 524-529.
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Assess the differences between your specific learners and the general audience
Assesses the environment to help tailor the intervention
Prevents duplication Identifies stakeholders and builds
relationships with stakeholders
Step 2: Targeted Needs Assessment
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Methods for collecting information:◦ Reviewed existing training◦ Senior resident exit survey, Survey of current residents,
& Focus group of residents Findings:
◦ Strong desire for training◦ Low levels of training and clinical experience and self
rated proficiency◦ Wrong case mix in Rheumatology and Orthopedics◦ Preferred direct supervision of patient care by
practitioners with expertise in musculoskeletal medicine
Step 2. Targeted Needs Assessment Example
Houston TK et al. A primary care musculoskeletal clinic for residents: success and sustainability. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 524-529.
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Goal: broad educational goal
Objective: specific measurable objective
Step 3: Goals & Objectives
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Helps prioritize Direct content Identify learning methods Enable and direct evaluation Provides clear communication to learners,
faculty, and stakeholders Required
Step 3. Goals & Objectives
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Types of Objectives◦ Learner Objectives
Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor◦ Process Objectives
Curriculum Implementation Measures◦ Patient/Healthcare Outcome Objectives
Patient Outcomes: pt satisfaction Healthcare/System Outcomes: board pass rate
Step 3. Objectives
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Who will do how much of what by when?◦ Who (1)◦ Will do (2)◦ How much (3)◦ Of What (4)◦ By When (5)
Step 3. Writing Objectives
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Step 3. Writing Objectives & Bloomberg’s taxonomy
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Step 3. Objectives Example
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Maintain congruence between objectives and methods
Use multiple educational methods Choose methods that are feasible
Step 4. Educational Strategies
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Table 5.2 Matching Educational Methods to Objectives*Type of Objective
Educational MethodCognitive: Knowledge
Cognitive: Problem-Solving
Affective: Attitudinal
Psychomotor: Skills or
Competence
Psychomotor: Behavioral or Performance
+++ + + +Lectures +++ + + +Programmed learning +++ ++ +Discussion ++ ++ +++ + +Reflection on experience +++ +++ +++Feedback on performance + ++ ++ +++ +++
Small-group learning ++ ++ ++ + +Problem-based learning ++ +++ + +Team-based learning +++ +++ ++ + +Learning projects +++ +++ + + +Role models + ++ + ++Demonstration + + + ++ ++Role plays + + ++ +++ +Artificial models and simulation + ++ ++ +++ +
Standardized patients + ++ ++ +++ +Real life experiences + ++ ++ +++ +++Audio or video review of learner + +++ +
Behavioral / environmental interventions**
+ + +++
Step 4. Educational Strategies
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Musculoskeletal Curriculum:◦ Development of workshops and syllabus materials
on diagnosis and management for common musculoskeletal disorders, including injection therapy.
◦ Institution of a new primary care musculoskeletal clinic supervised by Internal Medicine preceptors with a special interest in musculoskeletal diseases.
Step 4. Educational Strategies Example
Houston TK et al. A primary care musculoskeletal clinic for residents: success and sustainability. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 524-529.
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Identify Resources◦ Personnel, Time, Facilities, Funding
Obtain Support◦ Internal vs. External
Develop Administrative Mechanisms Anticipate and Address Barriers
◦ Competing Demands, Attitudes Develop a Plan for Introducing Curriculum
◦ Pilot, Phase In, Full Implementation
Step 5. Implementation
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Musculoskeletal clinic◦ Financial analysis and feasibility analysis had to
be done◦ Administrative support was obtained.◦ Plan discussed with Rheumatology and
Orthopedics
Step 5. Implementation Example
Houston TK et al. A primary care musculoskeletal clinic for residents: success and sustainability. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19: 524-529.
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Need to determine if goals are met Provides information for improvement Documents accomplishments Specifics to Consider
◦ Evaluation Questions Address learner objectives
◦ Evaluation Design Consider internal and external validity Posttest, Pretest/Postest/Control Group
6. Evaluation & Feedback
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Recognize and apply these 6 steps to curriculum development◦ Problem Identification & General Needs
Assessment, Targeted Needs Assessment, Goals & Objectives, Educational Strategies, Implementation, Evaluation & Feedback
Define objectives in specific and measurable language◦ Who will do how much of what by when?
Use references to help your faculty develop curriculum for your learners
Conclusions
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Kern D, Thomas P, Hughes M, Barker L, Bass E, Carrese J, Wolfe L. The Six-Step Approach to Curriculum Development. SGIM Workshop. 5/2009.
Kern D. Curriculum Development for Medical Education. Second Edition.
Thomas P, Kern D. Internet Resources for Curriculum Development in Medical Education. An Annotated Bibliography. J Gen Intern Med. 2004; 19: 599-605.
References
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