amputation of digits in males of the yellow-headed gecko gonatodes albogularis. mauricio peñuela

8/3/2019 Amputation of Digits in Males of the Yellow-headed Gecko Gonatodes Albogularis. Mauricio Peuela

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Mauricio Peuela

Amputation of digits in males of the yellow-headed geckoGonatodes albogularis

Universidad de laAMAZONIA MOMENTOS DECIENCIAMomentos de Ciencia 8:(2), 2011

I tr ducti nn o o o o ser e n tr trunks bra ch a dften b v d o ee , n es, n

w o ob e t so etimes h n in pside owno den j c s, m a g g u dh e w-hea ec o, Go a d albog la iT e y llo ded g k n to es u r s (Ca r, 9 9; Fitch 197 ; S hw r z & ender n,r 1 3 , 3 c a t H so(D mri a B b on 183 ), na to eu l nd i r , 6 is tive th 1 9 ; er, 003). Males a e especi lly eas ly9 1 K hl 2 r a il w n s o Ch pas, Mexic , o acifi peo la d f ia o n the P c slo detectab becau o the r h y llo eale se f ir b ig t e w h ds.and G a ala o the Atlantic slope, Col m iau tem n o b Sexual m turity an be ea hed t m n h oa c r c a six o t s fand west rn enezu a va e, 2 0 ), nde V el (Sa g 0 2 a in a e i ch, 9 3 a d intr sp cifi com unag (F t 1 7 ), n a e c m lArub , r o, To tu , Orc il , Gorgo aa Cu a a r ga h a n ; ne i h s b n repo t d x n & ur r, 1971st ng a ee r e (Se to T ne ;Hisp ni la ma a ay an Isla d n Cu aa o , Ja ic , C m n s, a d b Fitch 19 3 ema ov p sit g e gs a, 7 ). F les i o sin l eg sever l( bo , 910 Bar ur Ramsde , 919Bar ur 1 ; bo & n 1 ; tim s c r (K hl , 2 0 ) a d gs may ake ea h yea er 0 3 n eg t eSc w r z and Hender n, 199 ). is speci w sh a t so 1 Th es a 2 4 o ths t ha h (F tch, 9 3 er, 1999 m n o tc i 1 7 ; K hl ,i o uce o Key West in the lowe ri antr d d n r Flo d 2 03). Repro c n ay o cur e r-r und (Fitc0 du tio m c y a o hK , U ited tes rr 9 9 9 0 ingeys n Sta (Ca , 1 3 , 1 4 ; K & 1 73), ut r c c i i and r r du tio9 b edu ed a t v ty ep o c nK a au , 966; ilso & Po ra 9 3 S hw r zr k er 1 W n r s, 1 8 ; c a t o cur du in t e Dec berMay d y e soc r g h em r s a n

& He so 1 9 ; aka l. 2 0 ), s w lnder n, 9 1 Mesh et a , 0 4 a el (Sexto & T r er 1 7 ; for 1 7 ; h, 9 3n u n , 9 1 Tel d, 9 1 Fitc 1 7 )as on a d Ca ma , yman s an (Will mGr n y n Ca I l ds ia s, (see K y o, 2 05). du ales a e k o n tor sk 0 A lt m r n w19 4 Sc artz & mas, 197 ) wher it h s sin e6 ; hw Tho 5 e a c defen pec c area a d exhi it tail-w vin s ad a s ifi n b a g adisap eared d & F a z, 1 9 ). K y op (Sei el r n 9 4 (see r sk , ter itor al n l itc , 1973 a ursuit-deterr tr i sig a (F h ), p en20 50 ). signal t poten i l preda rs a d ay lso ave ao t a to n m a h

. l gular sG a bo i is on ic u diu nal ard h ta c sp uo s r liz t a so ia fu ction (Bo r ez et a ., 0 0c l n h qu l 2 1 ).i u d o ees, i ho s an revic a ds fo n n tr n le d c es, n under Ag r behavio as b en repo t d ig essive r h e r e ndebri (Ca r, 1 3 ; Fitch 19 3 hw rs r 9 9 , 7 ; Sc a tz & gek nid liz r s. Posi i ns s ch s pp oachko a d t o u a a r ,Hender n, 9 1 K ler 2003 is s ies isso 1 9 ; h ). Th pec r ea , tai w ve, ha , l teral ad nce, h oatetr t l a c se a va t r

Autor para correspondecia: E-mail: [email protected]

Grupo de Estudio y Trabajo en Gentica (GETEG). Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

Recibido 15 de Diciembre de 2010; aceptado 27 de Abril de 2011

Abstract

Several types of aggressive behaviors have been reported in gekkonid lizards, in some species both males and females exhibit thistype of behavior. The majority of aggressive behavior is non-invasive, however, in some occasions bites can occur and may causeinjury. This study reports the presence of fingers or phalanges cut in some adult males of Gonatodes albogularis, and relates it toevidence of aggressive behavior between males. None of the females examined in this study presented amputations of digits.Aggressive behaviour related to territoriality and other factors are discussed as possible causes of amputations in males of thisspecies of lizard.

Key Words: Digit loss, phalanges, aggressive behavior, tree lizard.

Resumen

Numerosos tipos de comportamientos agresivos han sido reportados en gecnidos, en algunas especies tanto machos comohembras exhiben este tipo de comportamiento. La mayora de los comportamientos agresivos son no invasivos, sin embargo, enalgunas ocasiones mordeduras pueden causar lesiones. Este estudio reporta la presencia de dgitos o falanges amputados enalgunos machos de Gonatodes albogularis, y lo relaciona como evidencia del comportamiento agresivo entre machos. Ninguna de lashembras examinadas en el presente estudio exhibe amputacin de dgitos. El comportamiento agresivo relacionado con laterritorialidad y otros factores, se discuten como posibles causas de las amputaciones en los machos de esta especie de lagarto.

Palabras clave: Perdida de dgitos, falanges, comportamiento agresivo, lagarto arbreo..

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Re tsul si lati d bi s ve b en qu nti i d D m t rnf on an te ha e a f e ( e e er l i i 1 81 , o study ep ted the os& Ma ce l n , 9 ) but n r or l s

A total of 66 i vid als of G. al gu ar sbo l i f omndi u rig ts due g r si b ha o . l n sonof d i to a g es ve e vi r El i gt e col e on com n r f e e p rts ofh l cti i g f om di f r nt a1 94 de i e tha n G bog laris. al u m l s a e( 9 ) scr b s t I a e r

b a w r e am n d W f nd h t 3 6 %Colom i e e x i e . e ou t a 6, 6r q ntl n aggressive conte wi o h rf e ue y i sts th t edul ma e an 3,33 uve e a eof a t l s d 3 % of j nil m l sales.m

r sen di it mp t ti s, wh l o f a ep e ted g a u a on i e n em lD ng prel minar iel o servat , euri i y f d b ions wse ed t i c ndi o , nd neit er dpre nt h s o ti n a h idt d at ome l s of G al u s. bog lari e nteno e th s ma e pr se d

n e r ted j nil s, Tabl ) El vei d te mina uve e ( e 1 . e n ofig ts cu h le n e ale p e nte th sd i t w i o f m r se d irt adult m l s nd e of thr e j nil alesthi y a e a on e uve e md ti n. Woul be ossi e tha t e d gi l incon i o d p bl t h i t ossow d e ph l g s t T b e 2 . h e we esh e som a an e cu ( a l ) T er rh s ecies a a c on atte n? d th st i sp w s omm p r Coul i

x ca s of f e s i th f on e s nd 1 insi se ing r cut n e r t l g a 4ti e a ci t d ith ge d r or zcondi on b sso a e w n e si e ofh i d e s. t t e e t e coh b tationt e h n l g A h nd of h a iindi u s s possib e t ag r ssive beh ivid al ? I l tha g e av or

p r m t, two a e sh a pu d g tsex e i en m l s owed m tate di im y r sult n di i loss? T i study a i eda e i g t h s ex m na d no em l wi thi con it o or e i stn f a e th s d i n. F th f rwhe r l ss of g ts m y e si n othe the o di i a b a g fm l , D fron i h foot nd 3 a D r ghta e 2 of t r g t a D nd 4 of ia g e ve beh i or s sp ci s, h g ndeg r si av or f thi e e ow e rh n f t re mp t ted, e th econ m li d oo we a u a whil e s d a ea z a e a e wi ose f cts, dnd a si e m y be r l t d th th a anwas m ssing th D fro h e t i d oot. Thisi e 4 m t e l f h n fdi ss er p bl x a ati s.scu oth ossi e e pl n on

r sult hows that a g e ve e vi r betweee s g r ssi b ha o nM t a s n me ho sa eri l a d t d m l s n e a ca e the ph l g s ta e ca b us of a an e cu .

Ta le 1. Numb r sp c ens n ly ed numb r ob e of e im a a z , e fl sp ci ms G bogularis. al of the e A l 66 e e of Col cci nsp c ens h a t t it and cent g oe im wit mpu a ed dig s per a e fd ve tebr nf i y ep l s ( V C) r thee r ados a ib os r ti e U - f omfem a d ale mpu e s for b th u s a dale n m a t e , o ad lt nU v sid d de l e wer e a i d for ini er a l Va l e x m ne th sj n s Gona ode a bogu r f o olo iauve ile of t s l la is r m C mb .

st dy. The spe m ns re ca a og d by e d ru ci e we t l e g n es u di or hi i ati ) d uve i or( ex al m p sm n color on an j n ld l state A u t st t w s d ter i d na u t . d l a e a e m ne in vi l h vi g 30 m g e t- ntri di dua s a n m hi h r snou ve ale g h ( L . The di i or e D) w s si e el n t SV ) g t d r ( a con d r d

edi l to r , n w i ost edi l wasm a late al i h ch the m m af r ig t.the i st d i

F om e m seu sp ci en na y d wer th u m e m s a l sed the num e indi dua s ch g cl ssnote b r of vi l of ea a e a

d x h an ha a e cu nd calcul tedan se aving y p l ng t, a ah c r pon ing p ce t g s. A iti l y, wt e or es d er n a e dd ona l e

nota e h m ny ha a e e e c in e han t d ow a p l ng s w r ut aco e fore nd h d fe oh t tf th a in et. A c abi a ione p ime t e, th th j cti e tox er n was don wi e ob e vde e m n an a g e ve e avior n a f ctt r i e if y g r ssi b h ca f ethe ig ts i g i of indi du s a f hd i nte r ty vi al nd i t eg nde w s i vol ed. ive a t m l an fe r a n v F dul a es d ivea u t e al s thou an ha a e cu w rd l f m e wi t y p l ng t e e

Di onscussicap ur d rom he cr n B ol it e f t Mi oestaci i g caExp r m ntal e n ve sid d de all .e i e of th U i r a l V e

e e e a d Ma ce l n 1 81 e b isheD m t r n r l i i ( 9 ) sta l d aThe re i tai ed i l t c con n r ofy we ma n n n a p as i tai e b ha ial r p tor or Go tod s ttatu ave vor e er y f na e vi s, g e21 x 2 mx cm f t m ths. r f ti lcm 1c 45 or wo on A ti i a

a qua i ati e escr pt on of cour shi ndl t v d i i t p aha i t c s e of a a l tr k an a i rcb ta onsi t d sm l un d p e ed

aggression, nd na y ed e a ects of ia a l z som sp tsbr k. Foo a a is d w ek nic d w s dmin tre e ly a d

soci l e avior i t re a d n a n ra-a b h w h g r to i ter nd i tconsisted of di fer nt ty s of n t ik li s,f e pe i sec s l e f e

sexual n dom na ce/ su or na ce i ter cti s.a i n b di n n a onttl coc r he nts d sm l ick t W rli e k oac s, a an a l cr e s. ate

T ey r or posisti such s a pr ch r tr t,h ep t ons a p oa , e eas l a s ava lab A te x er m nt allwa a w y i le. f r the e p i e

t i ve, se a a dvan , thr t nf ona l wa cha , l ter l a ce oa i latin vi l we e r e se t th i tur l h tat.i di dua s r el a d o e rna a abi

nd b te Simil b ha o av e n r por da i s. ar e vi r h e b e e te to

specimens Specimenswith digitsamputated

Percentage

of amputees

Adult

females

23 0 0

Juvenile

females

8 0 0

Total of

females

31 0 0

Adult males 30 11 36,66

Juvenile

males

3 1 33,33

Total of

males

33 12 36,36

Undetermin

ed juveniles

2 0 0

Peuela / Momentos de Ciencia 8(2), 2011, pp: 92 - 95


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t e k ( r n r 1 ; u f que a o t co h rs gek onid lizards G ee be g, 943 Kastle, wo ld re ntly bre k ff he en ounter and6 5 G 6 e i , 9 e o e c pe . a u m a19 4; Bustard, 196 ; reer, 19 7; Marc ll ni 1 77; att mpt t s a . In G lbog laris ale ch sesn b ) i s ( ) e c b h i t c e y oLa ge aek, 1979 . Ell ng on 1994 d s ri es t at accompan ed by bi es, ould xplain wh m st of

. o a wi l n s s n a d gIn G alb gul ris males th a yel owish head wi the male te ted i this study h d i it amputeeso y i c w t r n h i s t r u t nm r frequentl in aggress ve ontests i h othe o t e r hind leg . Fur he more amp ta io ofa e r r e s t o e n i h l e tm l s and a e preffe red by f male over h se n ighbori g dig ts of ind egs was viden .

h g e d . g r m r ewit an oran e h a . G albo ula is males suffer o e pr datoryu uc a e a l a , s a s l ) N urPost res s h as pproach, r treat, t i w ve attack th n female (E lingson, 1194 . at als , a n n h o n a i r n t e a o s e s a a n tcha e lateral dva ce a d t r at i fl t ng a e o pr d t r or simple accid nt c n expl i the digis ve o d t n b y s o s a x h ainva i c n uc s and ca e ver useful in los too, but these fact r c n not e plain w y ny

r i a e e h y y i p s n i . e i tte r tori l dispute, b caus t e avoid ph s cal female re e t d git cut Th absence of d git losa t s b i y e o f a e co i h vi mcont c and pos i le njur . How ver in s me in em l s uld ind cate t at these arenot cti s

h o s r s i f a n i a k . i c tcases t ese dem n t ation of super ority in o ny ki d of nvasive att c s It can ndi ate thaa e a s t b n k . o a l a pa i lm l s c n re ul in iti g attac s Amputation of G. alb gul ris fema es play ssive role in soc a

t b o m o s que e h r r o s t ,digi s could e one f the ain c n e nc s of be avio , diffe ent fr m female of G. vitta usa b vi c g e i vi s m athis inv sive eha or. whi h display a very a gr s ve beha or i il r

g o a un e t t a ( m e & r l 9 ) e nDi it l ss was n der s ima e factor of to m les De et r Ma ce lini, 1 81 . Bit s a de s ve h r k n d T t a m a e p a aaggr s i be avio in ge ko id lizar s. his s r ddle in fe ale h ve be n re orted s n

t e f s h t s u e g e s ve vi a ( )study is h ir t to suggest t at digi lo s co ld b a gr s i beha or by St mps 1977 . A high

o s q c i e i e f e r n n vi lthe c n e uen e of aggress ve b havior n th degree o f male agg essio a d beha orak l g s d i t e i o d o hgek onid lizard G. a bo ulari . The evi ence of s milari y betw en the sexes s also f un in t er

h i s e i l . i l g o ( e 9 r r 6 t ethis be avior s only e n in male ind vidua s d urna eck s Kastl , 1 64; G ee , 19 7). On hh f s a a pe e a e f e a e r h a e t gT is fact a fect l rge rc nt g o th m l othe and, t he fem l s of noc urnal eckos s how

n a i - we r n d e ipopulatio , s it is common to find d git lo r agg essio an a b havioral suppress onm e i T r i r t t e i l r t d e uaa put es in wild spec mens. e r to iali y is h s mi a o that describe for f male ig nid

a o c b w e s e a l i 1 we r Gmain c use f confli t et e n male , D meter liz rds (Marce lin , 977). Ho ve , if .n a l i 8 t s l g s e s s a a g s ve na d M rcel in (19 1) describe tha male of G. a bo ulari f male di pl y g re i co duct,

t r t n n i b o s e d a o fvitta us afte exhibi ing o i vas ve ehavi r , this could not b reflecte in the mputati n o

leftfoot

rightfoot

leftfoot

rightfoot

UV 2501D, 2D,

3D1 3

UV-C 0644 4D 1 1

UV-C 14059 1D 2D 4D 1D 4 4

UV-C14060 1D 1 1

UV-C15216* 2D 1 1

UV-C 2435 3D 1 1

UV-C 4364 1D 1 1

UV-C 50043D,

4D1 2

UV-C 5006 3D 1 1

UV-C 5011 1D 1 1

UV-C 5014 4D, 5D 1 2

UV-C 5017 3D 3D 2 2

Front Hind

Specimens

Total of feet

with digitsamputated

Total of

digitsamputated

Table 2. Male specimens with amputated digits, total of feet affected and total of digits amputated perindividual. (* represent juvenile male).



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95

of F rid Ac o ien s. 9: 4 15the lo a ademy f Sc ce , 2 1 4 4.gitdi s.K er, . 1 9. h an a tiles ohl G 99 The amp ibi s nd rep fuv ile t us f ale iv u ls p toJ en s at o m ind id a could hel

Nic ra a, distrib t o l hec ist ith keysa gu A u i na c kl w .v po en ial a gr s v beh v o o lta oid t t g es i e a i r f aduC u er r hu sin u en enb , 21 1 1.o ri Fo sc ng stit t S ck erg 3: 1 2ales be aus h y d not c m etm , c e t e o present o pl ely

K r, G 03 t les f C l mer a. Herp nhle . 20 . Rep i o entra A ic eto ,e l ped a ma pigment ion. n hesd ve o sexu l le at I t e

O f ba h, G m nyf en c er a .a j n les c uld o r es t r atc ses uve ile ma o n t epr ent a h e

Krys , . 0 Ec lo ca a u f the intro uko K 20 5. o gi l st t s o d cedr c ul s be c ed h aleso o d imply onfus wit fem . ye ow h e eck , Go at d al arill - ead d g o n o es bogurl s( au a: ekk nida , r . F r cie 8:S ri G o e) in Flo ida lo ida S ntist, 6

c no le g nA k w d me ts 4 2- 80, 27 2 .M c i, 1 7. c u nd v su lar ellin D. L. 97 A o stic a i al disp ay

be r fgek ni za . a o lo st 7:havio o ko d li rds Americ n Z o gi , 1h n o er o C st o a lo t eT a ks t F nand a r for l wing h25 2 0.1- 6ev c ll c i n m er l a d t ubom icr iew of o e t o at ia n o L ir B k

M aka . . B P t i d J a ge. 20 .esh , W E , . . Bu terf eld, an . B. H u 04r in t e c r ec ion of h isfo the help h o r t t e engl hThe Ex tic Amp ia a t les .o hib ns nd Rep i of Floridaer i n.v s oM b : K eiger Pu l. C .ala ar r b o

a a . M 0 . The h an and ep i o oS v ge, J . 2 02 amp ibi s r t les f C staite a red iteL r tu c d

A o a u n a b e t e e n t oR i c a : h e r p e t f w wo t ents, etw o se U iversi y o hic goc n in b een tw as. n t f C a

B bo r 1 0. t n the her t l gy o a aar u , T. 91 No es o pe o o f J maic . r , ino s.P ess. Ill iB lletin f M seu f Com a t v Zo lo y, 52u o the u m o p ra i e o g :

c t , a ma 75 A c k- st o WS hwar z A. nd R. Tho s. 19 . hec li f est2 1.73 30 nd hi ns nd ep i a ie u m fI ian amp bia a r t les. C rneg M seu oB o r, T. an . T. msden 19 Th erp lo yarb u d C Ra . 19 . e h eto g t ra Histo p ia Pu lic t n N . 1Na u l ry, S ec l b a io o .

o b lletin o h u m o C mp ativef Cu a. Bu f t e M seu f o ar c , a R. . H nder n. 1 1. A h anS hwartz A. nd W e so 99 mp ibi sZo gy :73 13olo , 47 2 . d r e h W s In e es pt onsan eptil s of t e e t di s: D cri i ,

Bo ez M. a ez, J g lar D. Fo t dh rqu , M rtn . A ui , n , E. an st ib n a atu l hi o y. U iversi y fdi r utio s, nd n ra st r n t oM l - r , . 20 . ex dif e es an ip eda oo ina Bo ja M 10 S f renc in t r t r o a ress ,G esvill lo daFl rid P . ain e F ri .tail w v ng disp ay o t e u l ello he- a i l s f h di rna y w- aded eidel, M. . an ra . 9 . A h ans ndS E d R. F nz 1 94 mp ibi age o o ato a o la f o ca f r sck G n des lb gu ris r m tropi l o est of tile ( s e o rin tur l f h C manrep s exclu iv f ma e t es) o t e ayC lo ia. o na o lo y, 2 3 5- 11o mb J ur l f Etho g 8: 0 3 . and p 7 34 n: Br t . a J . Daviesisl s. p . 40 4 . I un , M. A nd . E

C r, A. . 93 ekkonid ar ew t f na far F 1 9. A g liz d n o the au o eds ) Th ay Is ds: N t r H t r nd( . . e C man lan a u al is o y at e n Sta es. ia, 2 .h U ited t Cope 32 g p . la ; l w A a cBiogeo ra hy Nether nds K u er c demi

C r, F. 94 A c ntrib t n o p o o far A. 1 0. o u io t the her et l gy o b ersPu lish .Flo ida b o ci , 3: 1 1r . Univ. Florida Pu l. Bi l. S . 1 8. o , . . d r . 71 The rep o c iveSext n O J an O. Tu ner 19 . r du t

Demet , B. . a M rc ini 19 . Agrer J nd a ell , D. L. 81 essive

cl o a neo ca liz d. Ec lo y, 5 59 16cy e f tropi l ar o g 2: 1 4.beh r o the strea ar G na o es v t s)avio f k liz d ( o t d i tatu in s, . A 9 . Soci b v o a sp c p t sStamp J . 1 77 al eha i r nd a ing a ternca t v t p o o a : 4, 2 - 56p i i y. Her et l gic , 37 50 2 . liz ds. p . 2 - 4. I C an an D. W lein ar p 65 33 n . G s d . Tinkllin n . 1 4 ra a l selec n oE gso , JM 99 . Natu l nd sexua tio n ( ds. logy f the tilia l. VI Ec lo y dE ), Bio o Rep , Vo I ( o g an

olo i n i he d c o natc rat o n t iurnal ge k Go odes B v o A) e rk demic Peha i r .N w Yo ; Aca ress.lb gu ris u shed Ph D. thes sity fa o la . Unp bli . is, Univer o Te o . J 71 Rep o c i e att ns dlf rd, S R., R. 19 . r du t v p er an

x stin, USTe as at Au A. r t b da e o wo ro liz d s eciela ive a un nc f t mic teiid ar p es init h S. 7 A ield stu f C s a Ric za .F c , H. 19 3. f dy o o t an li rds P nama o eia 0- 7a . C p , 67 6 5.

v sity f K ns s nc bu , 50 - 6Uni er o a as cie e lletin : 39 12 . W lia s E. . 64 Rema o latio ship oil m , E 19 . rks n the re n s fre A. E. 96 ec lo an eha i r o woG er, 1 7. The o gy d b v o f t r t es a mp ian f a I nds O c.ep il nd a hib s o the C yman sla . c

mp o ctyl g ko revio , 2 : 1- 9.sy atric Lyg da us ec s. B ra 68 1 P . o sk M seu o o a t Zo l gy.ap M llu s u m f C mp ra ive o o. 1 4. Verh sstu a gec derKastle, W 96 alten dien n tag konen Har a , 2: 3 3 .v rd 83 84

attun y od ctyl s d e sg gen L g a u un Ph l u ma. Z. W o L. a . r s. 98 Th gic l imp tils n, D. nd L Po ra 1 3. e ecolo a acp h l, 21 86 50Tier syc o : 4 - 7. o man n the s uth F ri erp f un n tf o o lo da h eto a a. U iversi y

in F. . d T. ra er. 96 The ex ticK g, W an K kau 1 6. o o a as ien e lletin ec u . .f K ns sc c bu , Sp . P bl , 9: 1 89p f na so thea o a. Q ar e J u alher eto au of u st Fl rid u t rly o rn


amputation of digits in males of the yellow-headed gecko gonatodes albogularis. mauricio peñuela

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