amphibian reproduction notes
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Amphibian Amphibian ReproductionReproduction
By Mr. “Where does a tadpole come from” ChapmanBy Mr. “Where does a tadpole come from” Chapman
![Page 2: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction What is 1 difference between male What is 1 difference between male
frogs/toads and newts/salamanders on frogs/toads and newts/salamanders on how they attract females?how they attract females?
Male frogs/toads have vocal sacs to call Male frogs/toads have vocal sacs to call and attract females and other males and attract females and other males during mating season.during mating season.
![Page 3: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction Frogs – males arrive first at the breeding
sites and they emit a call (advertisement call) to attract other males and females. Males form a chorus (lots calling together).
Females are attracted to their species adv. call. The biggest male attracts the most females.
![Page 4: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction Once the female Once the female
finds a suitable mate, finds a suitable mate, the male climbs on the male climbs on the back of the the back of the female and grabs the female and grabs the female from behind.female from behind.
![Page 6: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction This formation is This formation is
called called Amplexus.Amplexus.
![Page 8: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Anuran ReproductionAnuran Reproduction To help maintain their
grip on the female, males develop rough skin patches, called nuptial pads, on the inside of the forearms.
In some species males’ forearms and thumbs become swollen and muscular during mating season.
![Page 9: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction While in the water the female releases While in the water the female releases
the eggs and the male covers them with the eggs and the male covers them with sperm to fertilize them.sperm to fertilize them.
What type of fertilization is this?What type of fertilization is this?
External Fertilization-External Fertilization- fertilization is done fertilization is done outside of the body.outside of the body.
![Page 11: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction
The eggs usually The eggs usually attach to plants, attach to plants, rocks, and some time rocks, and some time float on the surface.float on the surface.
![Page 12: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction If you see an egg If you see an egg
mass in a pond how mass in a pond how do you tell if it is toad do you tell if it is toad eggs or frog eggs?eggs or frog eggs?
Frog eggs are in Frog eggs are in clumps and toad clumps and toad eggs are in strands.eggs are in strands.
![Page 15: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction Eggs (anurans) hatch into larvae called
tadpoles. Tadpoles are tiny and easy prey. Females may lay up to 50,000 eggs.
![Page 16: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction Tadpoles have....... 1. gills 2. dorsal and ventral
(anal) fin 3. lateral line system 4. Anurans have Jaws
for scraping algae. - herbivores
![Page 17: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction What is the difference between frog/toad What is the difference between frog/toad
tadpoles and salamander tadpoles?tadpoles and salamander tadpoles?
Salamander tadpoles are carnivorous Salamander tadpoles are carnivorous and frogs/toads are herbivores.and frogs/toads are herbivores.
![Page 21: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis – the change from a – the change from a tadpole to a frogtadpole to a frog
Steps in GrowthSteps in Growth:: 1. Develop rear legs1. Develop rear legs 2. 2. Mouth begins to change from algae
scraper to the wide mouth of a frog - can’t eat.
![Page 22: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Energy is stored in the fat of their tail. If there was plenty of fat, then some of
the tail will remain after metamorphosis. If the tadpole didn’t make enough fat, it
will die during metamorphosis.
![Page 24: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3. Front limbs appear. 4. Lungs begin to form. 5. Gills are absorbed.... skull widens &
eyes to top of the head.
![Page 25: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Anuran ReproductionAnuran Reproduction 6. Mandible and Maxilla is completed 7. Digestive system and enzymes must
change from plant digestion to animal digestion.
This process can take from 3 weeks to 3 This process can take from 3 weeks to 3 years depending on species.years depending on species.
![Page 27: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction Metamorphosis ends > froglet/toadlet
can move to land. Adults - carnivores.
![Page 29: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Salamander ReproductionSalamander Reproduction Salamanders – most
species breed in late winter (Feb to mid March).
They approach their pond, both males and females), on the first warm (55 degrees), rainy night of the late winter.
![Page 30: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sal ReproSal Repro Salamanders do not make noises, but find Salamanders do not make noises, but find
each other by smell.each other by smell.
In the water, males release pheromones (external hormones).
F’s smell and approach the pheromones. Males fan the pheromones towards the F with their tail.
![Page 31: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sal. ReproductionSal. Reproduction M does a courtship dance.
![Page 32: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sal. Repro.Sal. Repro. F lays her chin on male’s pelvis
![Page 33: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction M deposits a sac of M deposits a sac of
sperm on the bottom sperm on the bottom of the pond.of the pond.
The sac of sperm The sac of sperm that the male lays on that the male lays on the bottoms is called the bottoms is called a a SpermatophoreSpermatophore..
![Page 34: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
F picks off the sperm packet with her cloaca- packet of sperm opens and fertilizes her eggs. Fertil. is internal.
Next night F climbs onto a submerged twig and lays her eggs on it.
![Page 35: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Salamander TadpolesSalamander Tadpoles Larvae hatch >
external gills, 4 legs.
Diet - zooplankton (tiny animals) carnivores as larvae.
![Page 41: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Metam. > lungs develop > gills absorb and they leave the water.
Adults carnivores.
![Page 42: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ReproductionReproduction In aquatic species In aquatic species
they keep these they keep these external gills and are external gills and are considered to be considered to be Neotinic (incomplete Neotinic (incomplete metamorphosis) metamorphosis)
![Page 43: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
FeedingFeeding Feeding as LarvaFeeding as Larva:: Frog/Toad tadpoles are herbivores.Frog/Toad tadpoles are herbivores. Salamander tadpoles are carnivores.Salamander tadpoles are carnivores.
Feeding as AdultFeeding as Adult:: Anurans are carnivoresAnurans are carnivores Caudatans are carnivoresCaudatans are carnivores
![Page 45: Amphibian Reproduction Notes](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58e98a6c1a28aba6498b64b3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
FeedingFeeding Tadpoles in captivity Tadpoles in captivity
can be fed rabbit can be fed rabbit pellets or fish flake pellets or fish flake food.food.