AMPAC-Kick OffMeeting

AMPAC-Kick OffMeeting

Edward N. Ballard

Extension Educator, Animal Systems

Effingham Center

GrazingCheapest Source

of Nutrients

GrazingCheapest Source

of Nutrients

Every day spent grazing is money saved !

Every day spent grazing is money saved !

Winter Annuals in the Grazing Program

Winter Annuals in the Grazing Program

• Cool season annual forages can be planted in autumn for deferred grazing during the late autumn, winter and early spring.

Winter Annuals Include…

Winter Annuals Include…

Rye Wheat Barley Triticale

Spring Oats Turnips Rape KaleCollards Tylon Tyfon

Annual Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass

Growth curves for cool-season perennial grasses, warmseason perennial grasses, and winter annuals.

Growth curves for cool-season perennial grasses, warmseason perennial grasses, and winter annuals.

Winterannual(small grainannual ryegrass)

Winterannual(small grainannual ryegrass)

Cool-seasonperennial grassesCool-seasonperennial grasses Warm-season

perennial grassesWarm-seasonperennial grasses

Winter annual(small grain/annual ryegrass)

Winter annual(small grain/annual ryegrass)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Re

lati

ve

Gro

wth

Rat

eR

ela

tiv

e G

row

th R

ate

Typical season of use for winter annual forages

Typical season of use for winter annual forages

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr

Crop residue

Stockpiled perennial pasture

Winter annual

U of I Dudley Smith Year-Around Grazing

Project

U of I Dudley Smith Year-Around Grazing

Project• Cows grazing Alfalfa-

Orchardgrass• April through October• Winter Grazing-- Corn

Stalks with either• Turnips-Spring Oats or

Springs Oats & Cereal Rye• Yield Data--Soil

Compaction-- Insect & Weed Control

Utilizing SPA DataUtilizing SPA DataIL 1996 IL 2000 U of I

Dudley Smith

Total Cow Cost $414.03 $304.92 $190.18

Total Feed Cost $268.48 $209.18 $158.71

Pasture Cost $84.05 $76.91 $102.12

Crop Residues $1.96 $0.78 $40.53

Harvested Forages $83.98 $81.25 $0.00

Other Raised Feed $60.34 $19.96 $5.12

Purchased Feed $38.16 $30.28 $10.94

* All figures are financial annual cost/cow

Utilizing SPA DataUtilizing SPA DataIL

1996IL

1999U of I

Dudley Smith

Total Feed Fed 5177 4710 316

Raised Hay 3091 3189 0

Other Home- Raised Feed 1734 932 127

Purchased Hay 112 187 170

Purchased STupplements 78 114 19

Purchased Silages & Conc. 166 288 0

* All figures are lbs DM/cow/year

*Cost rent $120 per acre

Section 9

Section 8

Section 7

Section 6

Section 5

Section 4

Section 3

Section 2

Section 1

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Section 9

February 21, 2001

February 7, 2001

January 24, 2001

January 10, 2001

December 27, 2000

December 13, 2000

November 29, 2000

November 15, 2000

November 1, 2000

November 1, 2000

November 15, 2000

November 29, 2000

December 13, 2000

December 27, 2000

January 10, 2001

January 24, 2001

February 7, 2001

February 21, 2001

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

Field1

Field2

Water Water

Cornstalks &Turnips &

Springs Oats

Cornstalks &Springs Oats-

Cereal Rye

U of I DudleySmith Farm

Christian Co.

November 1, 2000Spring Oats -Cereal Rye-

Corn StalksSeeded August 15

Oats- 1 Bu.Rye-1 1/2 Bu.

40 LBS N

November 1, 2000Turnips - Spring Oats-

Corn StalksSeeded August 15

Turnips- 4 lbsOats 1 Bu.40 LBS N

Costs for Winter Grazing Spring Oats and Turnips - Seeded August 9,

2001

Costs for Winter Grazing Spring Oats and Turnips - Seeded August 9,

2001Chisel- July 22 $11.00 per acre

Disc and mulch $ 9.0 per acre

Nitrogen 40 units $12.00 per acre

Seeded and mulch spring oats $ 9.00 per acre

Spring oats seed cost 1 ½ bu at ($2/bu) $ 3.00 per acre

Seeded turnips and mulch $ 9.00 per acre

Turnips seed – 4 lbs per acre( $1.80 per lb) $ 7.20 per acre

Total Seeding Cost per acre for 6.2 $60.20 per acre

Total Cost for seeding 6.2 acres $373.24

Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002

Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002

Turnips – Spring Oats – Corn Stalks

Hay 4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow)$50 price per ton

$ 120.00

Propane Cost

60 gallons at 79¢ per gallon $ 47.40

Total Costs $167.40

All Costs $540.64

Costs per day for 134 days of grazing 50¢per day

Total costs per cow for 134 days $ 67.58

Average daily gain per cow 1.86 lbs

Cow eating whole turnip

January 8, 200118 Inches snow cover--Turnips& Oats

December, 2000

Spring Oats and Cereal Rye

Seeded August 9, 2001

Spring Oats and Cereal Rye

Seeded August 9, 2001Chisel – July 22 $11.00 per acreDisc and mulch $ 9.00 per acreNitrogen 40 Units per acre $ 12.00 per acreSeeded and mulch Spring Oats and

cereal rye $ 9.00 per acreSpring Oats seed cost 1 bu at $2.00 per bu $ 2.00 per acreCereal Rye 1 ½ bu per acrre at $5.25 per bu $ 7.87 per acre

Total Seeding Costs per acre for 6.2 acres $ 50.87 per acre

Total Cost for Seeding 6.2 acres $315.40

Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002

Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002

Spring Oats – Rye – Corn Stalks

Hay 4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow)

$50 price per ton$ 120.00

Propane Costs

60 gallon at 79¢ per gallon $ 47.40

Total Costs $ 167.40

All costs $ 482.80

Costs per cow for 134 days of grazing 45¢

Total costs per cow for 134 days $ 60.35

Average daily gain per cow 1.55 lbs

Five Types of Land Management

Five Types of Land Management

• Extended rotations of cool season pasture• Permanent pasture of native, warm season

grasses• Winter grazing on a corn-spring oats rotation

with cover crops• Winter grazing on small grain-corn rotation

with cover crops• A continuous corn rotation with no grazing

Continuous Corn (Control) C2

Dry lot

Continuous Corn Control C3

row crop/winter grazing(48 acres each)

cool season pasture(6, 2.5 ac. paddocks each)

warm season pasture(2,2.5 ac. each)

continuous corn (control)(5 acres each)

Miscanthus demo plot(0.1 acre each)

dry lot/corral area(5.5 acres)

700 N

22

00

E

Dudley Smith FarmPotential Plot

Layout - June 2003

Acreage per experimental unit

Corn(RCG 6)

A8

A7

B10

B9

M12

M11

B2

B1

A4

A3

M6

M5

B14

B13

A16

A15

M18

M17

W1

W2

W3

W4

W5

W6

Treatment Codes

A- AMPAC mixB- Barenbrug mixM-MaxQ mixW- Warmseason mixRG – Row crops grazedC – Conventional Crop

Continuous Corn(Control) C1

Oats (RCG 4)

Oats (RCG 5)

Oats(RCG 2)

Corn(RCG 1)

Corn(RCG 3)

Winter grazecorn residues+

annual rye

Winter Grazecorn residues+

annual rye

Winter Grazecorn residues+

annual rye

Winter grazecorn

residues

Winter Grazecereal rye

oatsturnips

Winter grazecorn residues

Winter graze

cereal ryeoats

turnips

Winter grazecereal rye

oatsturnips

U of I Dudley Smith FarmCow Grazing, May, 2003

U of I Dudley Smith FarmSpring Calf Crop-2003

Utilize Crop Residues for Fall, Winter Grazing

Utilize Crop Residues for Fall, Winter Grazing

What about Turnips and other grazing alternatives?

What about Turnips and other grazing alternatives?

Aerial Seeding Turnips,Oats and Rye

8-20-2001

Cliff Schuette

Turnipsand Cereal Rye

Airseed 8/25/2000 Turnips-3 lbs

Rye 2 BuAirplane $8/AcreCorn 183 Bu/acre

Atrazine 1 lbPartner April 28

Seeded on Aug 19, 2002Picture on Aug 22, 2002

Barkant Turnip and Rye After Spring Oats-Cost:Turnip-$10,

Rye-$8, Airplane-$8Total-$26

60

Barkant Turnip and Rye After Spring Oats-Cost:Turnip-$10,

Rye-$8, Airplane-$8Total-$26

60

Turnips- Costs $10 Rye- $8Planted after spring oats

Forage Turnips and Oats in Corn Stalks-Cost: $10 Turnips, $7.50

Oats, $8 for Airplane-$25.50/Acre

Forage Turnips and Oats in Corn Stalks-Cost: $10 Turnips, $7.50

Oats, $8 for Airplane-$25.50/Acre

Turnips and Rye flown in Beans-Sept 15th- 2 weeks

prior to Harvest

Turnips and Rye flown in Beans-Sept 15th- 2 weeks

prior to Harvest

Fall Seeding- Germination is better when sown …

Fall Seeding- Germination is better when sown …

And not flown.And not flown.

Turnup- Forage and Tuber at 2 months

Turnup- Forage and Tuber at 2 months

Tuber in Corn-3 monthsTuber in Corn-3 months

Jimmy Ayars-Christian Co. Spring, 2003Turnips-3 lbs-Oats-3 Bu.

Jimmy Ayars-tunrips-oats spring, 2003

Jimmy Ayars Spring, 2003

Jimmy Ayars-June 24, 2003

Jimmy Ayars, Turnips and Oats baled, June, 2003

Jack Wock, Jersey Co. Turnip & Spring Oats, June 4,20033 Acres-126 grazing days to date

Jack Wock, Jersey Co. June 4, 2003-Bonar RapeSeeded 3 lbs/acre-April 12, 2003

Jack Wock, Jersery Co. June 4, 2003Pennleaf Pearl Millet-20 lbs/acre & Pasja 3 lbs/acre seeded May 15

Part 1 - Dynamo, Samson, Barkant, Purple-top Turnips and Dwarf Essex and Interval Rape Dry Matter (DM) Yield Comparison - Wiley Farm**

Part 1 - Dynamo, Samson, Barkant, Purple-top Turnips and Dwarf Essex and Interval Rape Dry Matter (DM) Yield Comparison - Wiley Farm** Comments

8/21/98 Comments 11/04/98

Leaf DM (lbs./A)

(% of Total)

Root DM (lbs./A)

(% of Total)

Total DM (ave of

10/19/98 & 11/04/98)

Purple-top Turnip no N

4” tall healthy stand 36 plants/yd

16”-20” tall uneven, mature root > top

1,190 lbs. 19%

5,165 lbs. 81%

6,355 lbs./A

Purple-top turnip w/N

4” tall healthy stand 36 plants/yd

20”-24” tall more even mature root > top

2,488 lbs. 30%

5,842 lbs. 70%

8,330 lbs./A

Samson turnip no N

4” tall healthy stand 36 plants/yd

17”-26” tall large roots still growing

5,379 lbs. 53%

4,762 lbs. 47%

10,141 lbs./A

Dynamo turnip no N

6” tall excellent stand 44 plants/yd

16”-26” tall top > root still growing

7,025 lbs. 56%

4,356 lb. 44%

11,381 lbs./A

**Wiley Farm, Schoolcraft, MI: 55 acres, broadcast-seeded from a 4-wheeler onto disked green bean stubble on 7/21/98 @ a rate of 1.5 lbs. seed/A (Herd cyclone seeder without fertilizer). Irrigated with ¼” of water on the 5th and 9th days after seeding. Portions of both Purple-top and Barkant were top-dressed with 300 lbs. of 21-0-0/A on 9/25/98. Total DM values are averages from the 10/19/98 and 11/04/98 samples.

Oats and Rye in Combination

Oats and Rye in Combination

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr MayAug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

For

age

For

age

Ava

ilabi

lity

Ava

ilabi

lity

MU-FSRCMU-FSRC

OatsOatsRyeRye

Trainor Turnips andAnnual Rye Fall 2002Trainor Turnips and

Annual Rye Fall 2002

Trainor Turnips and Annual RyeFall 2003- November

Trainor Turnips and Annual RyeFall 2003- November

Cost per pound of forage dry matter

consumed

Cost per pound of forage dry matter

consumed

AnnualRyegrass Stockpile Hay

Forage yield 7000 3895 2000utilization 70% 70% 80%harvested forage 4900 2727 1600

cost/ lb/ dm consumed $0.016 $0.008 $0.035Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO

Daily feed costs and cost per pound of calf

gain

Daily feed costs and cost per pound of calf

gain

AnnualRyegrass Stockpile Hay

cow weight 1350 1350 1350intake 0.028 0.028 0.028lb forage/cow/day 37.8 37.8 37.8cost/ cow/ day $0.62 $0.31 $1.32calf ADG 2.45 2.24 2.02cost/ lb/ gain 0.25$ 0.14$ 0.65$

Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO

Dry matter (DM) intake (kg day-1), cost of wintering ($ cow-

1) and relative cost (%) of wintering a spring calving beef cow on a variety of forages for 122 days during winter.)

Dry matter (DM) intake (kg day-1), cost of wintering ($ cow-

1) and relative cost (%) of wintering a spring calving beef cow on a variety of forages for 122 days during winter.)

Forage(s)

Tall Fescue StockpileAnnual RyegrassWheatRyeTurnipRapeTall Fescue Hay1

Tall Fescue HayTurnip + TF HayTurnip + TF StockpileRape + TF HayRape + TF StockpileTurnip + Alfalfa HayAlfalfa Hay (fair)

DM Intake(kg day-1)

23.2815.7016.0217.0416.1515.6728.1223.8520.3919.0119.9818.6719.0623.39

Cost($ Cow-1)

67.4445.9071.2840.9534.1951.5787.7274.5653.2447.5864.1657.7772.04

129.72

RelativeCost (%)

10068

106615176

13011179719586

107192

Source: G.J. Bishop-Hurley & R.L. Kallenbach, University of Missouri, 2000