yolo project-2002 [read-only]
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1/21/2003
Intercontinental Landfill Research Symposium
October 13-16, 2002, Asheville, N.C., USA
Yolo County’s Accelerated Anaerobic and Aerobic Composting (Full-Scale Controlled Landfill Bioreactor) ProjectRamin Yazdani, Project ManagerYolo Count Planning and Public Works DepartmentDivision of Integrated Waste ManagementRamin.Yazdani@yolocounty.org (530) 666-8848
1/21/2003
Presentation
l Project Sitel Design differencesl Project partnersl Project Goals and Objectivesl Achievements to Datel Design and Construction Challengesl Economicsl Future Tasksl Conclusions
1/21/2003
Design Differences from a Conventional Landfilll Primary composite liner better than
Subtitle D and CA Title 27 prescriptive standardslClay permeability better (6x10-9
cm/sec) than 1x1-7 cm/seclSecondary containment (40 mil
HDPE) to protect groundwaterlLeak testing of primary liner system
to locate pin holes
1/21/2003
Design Differences from a Conventional Landfilll No soil cover used within the waste
mass as daily or intermediate coverl Horizontal gas collection system
installed at 40 to 80 feet at each liftl Install pressurized horizontal leachate
injection lines within the same trench as the gas collection systeml Install temperature, pressure
transducers, tubes, and moisture sensors to collect real time datal Use real time monitoring (SCADA)
system
1/21/2003
Project Partners & Funding
l Project Partners:– Yolo County-DIWM ($2,753,000)– California Energy Commission-PIER ($1,154,250) – National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. DOE ($563,000) – California Integrated Waste Management Board ($400,000) – Institute for Environmental Management (Tech. Support)– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency– Solid Waste Association of North America– California State Regional Water Quality Control Board – California State Water Resources Control Board– California Air Resources Control Board– Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District – Yolo County Environmental Health
1/21/2003
Project Goals and Objectives
lCollect technical and economic data to demonstrate full-scale operation as beneficiallProvide technical solution to
permitting and regulatory constrains in the commercialization of this technologylU.S. EPA XL project (“eXcellence
and Leadership”)
1/21/2003
Regulatory Requirements
lWhat is EPA Project XL?– Project XL, stands for “eXcellence and Leadership”– It is a national pilot program that tests innovative ways
of achieving better and more cost-effective public health and environmental protection
– Under EPA Project XL Yolo County can obtain state and federal regulatory flexibility to implement innovative Full-scale Bioreactor
– The goal is to engage those parties affected by environmental regulations and policies to find solutions that work better than those currently mandated
– What is learned will be applied broadly to improve public health and environmental protection
1/21/2003
EPA XL Project Schedulel Project XL application submitted in 1999 l Permits issued by CA State Agencies-6/2000l Final Project Agreement signed-9/2000l Federal rule making completed by EPA-8/2001 l Construction (2000-2002)l Data collection and reporting (2001-2005)
1/21/2003
Project Objectives
lFull-scale operation to accelerate waste decomposition through liquid addition without liquid head build up over the base linerlEfficient capture of nearly all
methane generated without an impact to the local air qualitylDocument capital and operation’s
cost of project - commercialization
1/21/2003
Bioreactor Bottom Liner Temp.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Tempature (degree C)
North
1/21/2003
Achievements to Date
l Collection of 2x106 SCF fugitive landfill gas (45% methane) from 3.5 acre anaerobic bioreactor before water addition
1/21/2003
Achievements to Date
l Construction of leachate recirculation and pumping system
l Injected of over 850,000 gallons of leachate in the anaerobic 3.5 acre landfill
1/21/2003
Achievements to Date
lFugitive methane emissions monitoring using FID/PID Vapor Analyzer (FOXBORO TVA-1000)
1/21/2003
Achievements to Date
lLandfill gas sampling (LANDTECH GEM-500) and laboratory testing lLeachate sampling and laboratory
testing
1/21/2003
Design and Construction Challenges l Liner cap design and constructionl Installation of instrumentation after
waste fillinglSecuring installed liner and
penetration of pipes through the caplHDPE Injection lines-drilling and
installing fittingslPressurized Leachate injection
system-inspection for leaks
1/21/2003
ECONOMICS-Capital Cost for Bioreactor
Capital Cost per Ton of Waste(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)
$0.20
$0.65
$0.25$0.50
$0.27 $0.25
$2.12
$0.20
$0.85
$1.60
$1.00
$0.00
$0.75
$4.40
$0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
Design WasteMonitoring
Gas System LeachateSystem
Cover System Data Collection Total Cost
Co
st p
er T
on
of
Was
te
Anaerobic Aerobic
1/21/2003
Annual Operating Cost EstimateAnnual Opearting Cost per Ton of Waste
(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)
$0.15
$0.018 $0.022
$0.190
$0.50
$0.036$0.073
$0.609
$0.00
$0.10
$0.20
$0.30
$0.40
$0.50
$0.60
$0.70
Field and Lab. Power-Leachate Power-Gas/Air Total Annual Cost
Ann
ual O
pera
ting
Cos
t pe
r To
n of
Was
te
Anaerobic (6 yrs) Aerobic (2 yrs)
1/21/2003
Benefits of Bioreactors Total Benefit per Ton of Waste
(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)
$2.40
$5.94
$1.20
$0.00 $0.00
$9.54
$3.00
$0.00
$2.40
$0.00 $0.00
$5.40
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
Airspacerecovery
Powergeneration
Leachatedisposal
Greenhouse gas Closure cost Total Benefit
Ben
efit
per
Ton
of
Was
te Anaerobic (6 yrs) Aerobic (2 yrs)
1/21/2003
Present Worth Benefit/CostPresent Worth Benefit Cost Ratio
(360,000 tons, 12 acres, 1,200 lbs/c.y.)
0.72
2.64
0.72
1.71
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Aerobic Anaerobic
Pre
sent
Wor
th B
/C R
atio
Ele
ctri
city
Sal
e$0
.03
per
Kw
-hr
Ele
ctri
city
Sal
e$0
.015
per
Kw
-hr
1/21/2003
Remaining Tasks for the 3.5 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlComplete the second surveying
event to monitor waste settlementlConduct the second round of waste
sampling and testinglPerform surface scan monitoring for
methane emissions lMonitor and sample leachatelMonitor and sample landfill gaslReport results
1/21/2003
Remaining Tasks for the 6 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlComplete installation of
instrumentation and monitoring systeml Complete installation of the surface
liner systemlComplete installation of the leachate
injection and pumping system
1/21/2003
Remaining Tasks for the 6 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlComplete installation of the landfill
gas collection and removal system lConduct the second round of waste
sampling and testinglComplete the first surveying event
to monitor waste settlementl Install, and troubleshoot the SCADA
system
1/21/2003
Remaining Tasks for the 6 acre Anaerobic BioreactorlPerform surface scan monitoring for
methane emissions lMonitor and sample leachatelMonitor and sample landfill gaslBegin operation and report results
1/21/2003
Remaining Tasks for the 2.5 acre Aerobic Bioreactorl Complete installation of blower and
pipingl Complete installation of the biofilter l Begin liquid injection and air suction l Perform surface scan monitoring for
methane emissions lMonitor and sample leachatelMonitor and sample biofilter air samples l Begin operation and report results
1/21/2003
Conclusions l Bioreactors can be:
– Designed to protect the environment more than the conventional landfills
– Be operated in a safe manner– Be Constructed with normal equipments– Instrumentations be installed as filling– Early gas collection under cover to reduce
fugitive emissions via horizontal layers– Inject leachate slowly to not impact head over
the liner within waste lifts
1/21/2003
ConclusionslBioreactors can be:
– Inject leachate horizontally within the waste to distribute moisture
– Be design to be operated by SCADA system
– Collect real-time field data for monitoring and control
– Create a master database for data management and reporting
– Economical to construct and operate
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