yale - tulane esf- 8 moc special report - boston marathon bombings - 15 april 2013
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SITUATION
AS OF 2300 HRS EDT15 APRIL 2013
YALE- TULANE ESF-8 SPECIAL REPORT BOMBINGS AT BOSTON MARATHON
SITUATION MAP
RESPONSE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
FEMATwitter | Facebook | YouTube | Blog
Ready. gov
DHS
FBI
HHSPublic Health Emergency – ASPRTwitter | Facebook
CDCTwitter | Facebook
DODNORTHCOMTwitter | Facebook ARMY NORTHTwitter | Facebook
ORGANIZATIONAmerican Red Cross
MASSACHUSETTS Massachusetts Emergency Management AgencyTwitter | Facebook
BostonBoston Office of Emergency ManagementTwitter - Alert Boston | Facebook
TYPE OF INJURIES
SURGE CAPACITY IN A TERRORIST BOMBING
AS OF 15 APRIL 2013 2015 HRS
INJURED DEAD
144* 3
Family members looking for info relative to individuals injured during the incident are encouraged to call (617) 635-4500.
If you information on the terror attack, police as that you call Boston Bomb Tipline: 1-800-494-TIPS
STRESSNUMBER NOT CONFIRMED
HOSPITALIZATION AND TREATMENT
SITUATION
WHERE: 671 Boylston Street. Boston, Massachusetts
WHEN: 1450 HRS EDT, 15 APRIL 2013
EVENT: Boston Marathon
SITUATION: BOMBINGS
• Two explosions , a primary the a secondary explosion, occurred near the Boston Marathon finish line at approximately 2:50 p.m.
• The bombs appear to be crude devices that were hidden in trash cans
• Shrapnel was incorporated into these explosive devices most likely to increase fragmentation and maximize the number of casualties.
• The race was diverted before being halted as police and fire crews swept the area.
• Another explosive device was found, which was purposely detonated by Boston Police at Boylston Street.
DEAD AND INJURED: • 3 confirmed dead - including an 8 year old boy• Hospitals have treated more than 124 victims - including 8
children. At least 17 are in critical condition, 25 are in serious condition
INVESTIGATION: On going . Currently there is no one under arrest and no groups have claimed responsibility
SITUATION MAP
SOURCE: NEW YORK TIME
Officials said that a suspicious package was found and destroyed by police at the Mandarin Hotel
Runners approached from the west.
Second explosion went off about 10 seconds after the first one.
The two explosions were about 550 feet apart
First explosion occurred about 3 p.m. on the north side of Boylston Street, just before the bridge that marks the finish line.
2 MILES
SECOND EXPLOSION
FIRST EXPLOSION
BOSTON
SOUTH BOSTON
FINISH LINE
EAST BOSTON
JFK LIBREARY
• There is heightened security at local hospitals and critical infrastructure sites
• The Red Cross sent additional blood products to Boston hospitals
• Hospital throughout Boston responded to Mass Casualty incident.
• Criminal investigation is on going• The area around Copley Square where the
incident took placed is closed and is considered a crime scene
RESPONSE
LOCAL
STATE
FEDERAL
References: http://rt.com/usa/boston-marathon-explosions-updates-911/ , http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/15/us/boston-marathon-response/index.html, http://www.govexec.com/defense/2013/04/federal-authorities-responding-boston-marathon-explosions/62536/, http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/15/us/boston-marathon-explosions/index.html?hpt=hp_t1
• The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging because of crowded phone lines
• Troops from the Massachusetts National Guard assisted police in emergency response
• The office of the Attorney for the District of Massachusetts is coordinating responses from law enforcement agencies
• Federal agents have been dispatched to crowded hospitals
• Officials from the Justice Department and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms are being deployed to investigate the explosions
• Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano ordered the department to provide “whatever assistance is necessary”
ON GOING INVESTIGATION
• A multi-agency response including state and federal law enforcement agencies has been activated and is investigating the cause of the explosions along the Boston Marathon route and elsewhere.
• Forensics analysis is on going.• The FBI’s Boston Division stands with the Boston
Police Department (BPD) and remains on-scene. • The situation remains fluid, and it remains too early
to establish the cause and motivation.• The FBI declared federal jurisdiction over the
matter through the Boston Joint Terrorism Task Force.
RESPONSE
BOSTON FBI PRESS RELEASEhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/
President Barack Obama said he ordered the "full resources" of the federal government to respond to the Boston bombings on Monday, and that he also called for increased security around the United States as necessary.The Navy has sent one of its bomb-disposal units to
Boston to assist local authorities as needed. The three-member explosive ordnance disposal team based at Naval Station Newport, R.I., was sent to Massachusetts after state officials asked for help.
TYPE OF INJURIES LIKELY TO BE SEEN
PRIMARY BLAST INJURIES• Most post-explosion injuries involve blunt and
penetrating trauma• The initial blast may cause abdominal bleeding
and perforation, concussion (possibly without physical signs of injury to the head), and rupture of the eardrum
• Blast lung is the most common fatal injury among initial survivors
‒ The blast wave may cause tearing, bleeding, and buildup of fluid in the lungs
‒ Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood
‒ Patients may also show signs of slowed breathing, cyanosis, and wheezing
SECONDARY BLAST INJURIES• Flying debris and bomb fragments may cause
penetrating trauma, fracture, or amputation
OTHER POSSIBLE INJURIES• Burns, crush injuries, and severe
lacerations may be seen in victims• Blast may result in impaired vision and
hearing• Exacerbation of chronic illness is possible
References: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/blastinjuryfacts.asp, http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/blastlunginjury.asp, http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/explosions.asp,
NOTE: More of the injured seen have injuries to their lower extremities.
HOSPITALIZATION AND TREATMENT
HOSPITAL* NUMBER OF INJURED
Brigham and Women's Hospital
48
Children’s Hospital 10
Boston Medical Center 20
Massachusetts General Hospital
29
Tufts New England Medical Center
9
Beth Israel 23
* This list is not complete and has not been confirmed. Numbers were gathered from press report.
• Eight hospitals report that they are treating at least 124 people. Of those, at least 15 are in critical condition.
• The injuries ranged from cuts and bruises to amputations. Many victims suffered lower leg injuries and shrapnel wounds. Some suffered ruptured eardrums.
• The medical tent at the finish lined was turned into triage center Although it was not equipped for trauma, they had bags of intravenous fluids hanging from four yellow ropes suspended down the middle, tourniquets, blood pressure monitors, defibrillators, and EKGs. Medical personnel included internists, family physicians, cardiologists, emergency physicians, physical therapists, and social workers.
• Most of those seen had injuries to their lower limbs.
• Patients were evacuated to hospitals throughout Boston.
• Massachusetts General Hospital facility ICS was activated within 5 minutes of notification. The hospital treated at least 29 victims, eight of whom were critically injured, including some with amputated legs.
• Boston Children’s Hospital said the hospital treated eight children ranging in age from a 2-year-old boy with a head injury, to a 14-year-old boy also with a head injury. Two adults were also treated at the hospital.
• The nine victims treated at New England Medical Center included victims with serious trauma and leg fractures, shrapnel wounds and ruptured eardrums
Medical personnel work outside medical tent in aftermath of bombing (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
SOURCES:Marathon medical tent ‘transformed into trauma unit Mass General Press Conference - 15 APRIL 2013Hospitals treat carnage after Boston blasts
SURGE CAPACITY IN A TERRORIST BOMBING
• Explosive devices are the most common weapons used by terrorists.
• Explosions can produce instantaneous havoc, resulting in numerous casualties with complex, technically challenging injuries not commonly seen after natural disasters.
• Because many patients self-evacuate after a terrorist attack and prehospital care may be difficult to coordinate, hospitals near the scene can expect to receive a large influx, or surge, of victims after a terrorist strike.
• Health care and public health specialists should anticipate profound challenges in adequately caring for the surge of victims following a terrorist bombing.
• CDC with a panel of experts produced “In a Moment’s Notice: Surge Capacity in Terrorist Bombings.” . It includes a description of system-wide and discipline-specific challenges as well as recommendations to address these issues.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES: • Blast Injury Fact Sheets• “Bombings: Injury Patterns and Care” poster and pocket card • “Interim Planning Guidance for Preparedness to Mass Casualty Events Resulting from Terrorist Use of Explosives” report• Blast Injuries: What You Need to Know Webcast • Blast Injuries: What Clinicians Need to Know (Podcast)• The Terrorism Injuries Information, Dissemination and Exchange (TIIDE) Project
COMMON REACTIONS TO A STRESSFUL EVENT INCLUDE:
• Physical or emotional tension are often signs of stress. They can be reactions to a situation that causes you to feel threatened or anxious. Stress can be positive (such as planning your wedding) or negative (such as dealing with the effects of a natural disaster).
• Disbelief and shock• Tension and irritability• Fear and anxiety about the future• Difficulty making decisions• Being numb to one’s feelings• Loss of interest in normal activities• Loss of appetite• Nightmares and recurring thoughts about the event• Anger• Increased use of alcohol and drugs• Sadness and other symptoms of depression• Feeling powerless• Crying• Sleep problems• Headaches, back pains, and stomach problems• Trouble concentrating
THE BEST WAYS TO MANAGE STRESS IN HARD TIMES ARE THROUGH SELF-CARE:
• Avoid drugs and alcohol. They may seem to be a temporary fix to feel better, but in the long run they can create more problems and add to your stress—instead of take it away.
• Find support. Seek help from a partner, family member, friend, counselor, doctor, or clergyperson. Having a sympathetic, listening ear and sharing about your problems and stress really can lighten the burden.
• Connect socially. After a stressful event, it is easy isolate yourself. Make sure that you are spending time with loved ones. Consider planning fun activities with your partner, children, or friends.
• Take care of yourself. ‒ Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet‒ Exercise regularly‒ Get plenty of sleep‒ Give yourself a break if you feel stressed out—for example, treat
yourself to a therapeutic massage‒ Maintain a normal routine
• Stay active. You can take your mind off your problems by giving— helping a neighbor, volunteering in the community, even taking the dog on a long walk. These can be positive ways to channel your feelings.The Disaster Distress Helpline 1-800-985-5990 provides immediate
crisis counseling to people affected by the tragedy in Boston. The helpline can also be accessed at http://disasterdistress.samhsa.gov/ and TTY for deaf and hearing impaired: 1-800-846-8517. SOURCE:
http://www.samhsa.gov/newsroom/advisories/1304152649.aspxCDC – Coping with stress
Stress is a condition that is often characterized by symptoms of physical or emotional tension. It is a reaction to a situation where a person feels threatened or anxious. Stress can be positive (e.g., preparing for a wedding) or negative (e.g., dealing with a natural disaster).
SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
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