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�:©ÔѦwz)bShariah and Eunichs: An Historical Analysis

* eZË{{y

Abstract

Khwaja siras, for which several terms are used such as

transgender, transsexual, and transvestite in English writings and

verily other names nationally and internationally, insinuates the

overall public who do not fall in one of the classes of the developed

sex identities: male or female. This is the group of the people who are

reported to act, feel, think or seem different and noted to have many

other versatile characters from the rest part of the society. To their

regret being oppressed naturally, they are also considered inferior,

for the reasons unknown, by the so called literate society. Though

their rights are reported to have been reserved in the era of

khulfa-e-rashideen and later in Mughal regime, yet have always been

placed in a category well below the normal part of the general public

for the reasons mysterious to the nature. Despite all the possible free

workspace, there has been lack of any comprehensive research about

the behavior of this important but ignored part of the human cluster

in Pakistan specially Balochistan.

The study sheds light and have a deeper insight into the

socio-economic status as well as brief introductory and historical

perspective of the khwaja siras in the light of Islamic and western

literature. Furthermore, it insists on different possible ways to involve

this very sensitive and special group of the society in an optimistic

and exclusive sphere of life.

‘aWWçgzWsÝ�ñy *

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