wwii. pre-war aggressions japan in asia kellogg-braind pact u.s. secretary of state and french...
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WWII
Pre-War Aggressions
Japan in Asia
Kellogg-Braind Pact
U.S. Secretary of State and French Foreign minister
Made war illegal
Japan in Asia
Second Sino-Japanese War
Stage a fake attack in Manchuria
Blame the Chinese
Japan again invades Manchuria
League of nations condemns Japan
They don’t do anything
Only encourages them
Japan withdraws from league
Japan in Asia
Second Sino-Japanese War
Slowly begin taking China
Capture all of its seaports and major cities
The Rape of Nanking
Torture, rape, and mass murder (300,000)
Denied by the Japanese
Eventually gest rolled in with WWII conflict
Expand into all of Asia
See the ocean as their dominion
Really all of Asia
Italy in Africa
Italy invades Ethiopia
One of few independent nations of Africa
Revenge for defeating Italy previously
Easily defeat the Ethiopians
Rebuked by the League
League has no military branch to enforce sanctions
Memories of WWI make nations reluctant
Japan and Italy realize they can easily continue
Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
Rebels over throw the government
The Second Spanish Republic
Freedom of religion
Separation of church and state
Spanish Civil War
Loyalists (Republicans) Supporters of the
republic
Mostly in the east and southeast
Also hold Madrid (capitol)
Nationalists (Falange)
A fascist party lead by Francisco Franco
conservatives
Opposed the new Second Republic
Declare to overthrow it
Spanish Civil War
Support from other nations
Soviet Union and Mexico support Republic
Germany and Italy support Nationalists
Chance to surround France
United States, France, and Britain stay out of official fighting
Volunteers enlist to help republic
Spanish Civil War
Nationalists win in 1939
Spain becomes Fascist dictatorship
~500,000-1 million people died
Loyalist refugees flee to southern France
Maintains power until Franco’s death in 1975
Germany
Hitler Aggresses
Removes Germany from League of Nations
Re-arms and enters the Rhineland
Anti-Comintern Pact
Pact with Japan to stop spread of Communism
Aggression is to stop communism, nothing else
Annexation of Austria
Nazi Party becomes a large force in Austria
Hitler makes an agreement with Austrian chancellor
Austria will unite with Germany
Austrian chancellor wants people to vote on it
Austrian Chancellor resigns
Annexation of Austria
Hitler marches troops into AustriaAnnexes Austria as part of Germany
Against the treaty of Versailles
League of Nations does nothing
The Sudetenland
An area in western Czechoslovakia
Wanted to be part of Germany Given to create
Czechoslovakia
Hitler sees himself as protector of Germans
The Sudetenland
Policy of AppeasementNeville Chamberlin meet with Germany and Italy
Attempt to give in to Germany’s demands to avoid war
Give him the Sudetenland
“Peace in our time”
Germany conquers CzechoslovakiaOnly takes 6 months
Dealing with Stalin
Stalin distrustful of Western powersWestern powers did not like communism
Wants to guarantee independence of Poland, Finland, and Baltic States
Create a military alliance
Military would enter to protect from Germany
Dealing with Stalin
Nazi-Soviet pact
German-Soviet nonaggression pact
Kept secret from the west
Germany and USSR wont invade each other
Maintain neutrality in event of war
Split Poland down the middle
Divide eastern Europe into sphere of influence
Isolates France and England in the west
Hitler breaks it later, moron
Invasion of Poland
Control of Danzig
A seaport in Poland protected by the League
Germany also has rights to use it
Hitler announces annexation of Danzig
Invasion of Poland
September 1, 1939Air force begins a massive bombing campaign
Blitzkrieg “Lightning war” Strong and Fast A new kind of war
Tanks cross the border toward WarsawPoles put up a brave defensive
Ultimately fails miserably Surrender within a month
Britain and France can no longer ignore Germany
Enter the war 2 days later France begins fortifying Maginot
line
Early War
Nations still hoped to avoid all out war again
Germany did very little on the western front in beginning
Russia invades Poland from east mid September
Poland disappears again
Also invade Finland and the Baltic states
Early War
The low countries
Germany invades Denmark and Norway
All hopes of avoiding war dropped
Help from Fascist parties inside nations
Continues into BENELUX
Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Early War
Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister
May 1940
Months after Poland invaded
Chamberlin did not do much to fight German advances
Churchill against appeasement from the beginning
Early War
Evacuation of Dunkerque
German forces outflank Maginot line
Go through the low countries
Surround Allied forces in French seaport
German forces stop ground advancement
Early War
Evacuation of Dunkerque (cont)
Every boat in Britain used to evacuate troops
Fishing boats, row boats, everything
Successful evacuation of 338,000 men
In about two weeks
Hitler is an idiot
Stops his troops advancing
Allow Britain to regain strength
Morale victory for Britain
The Fall of France
Not manned or prepared for new warfare
Similar to the Schlieffen Plan
Extensive use of tanks and planes
No longer stationary trench warfare
Bombing of civilian targets
Causes panic and confusion
The Fall of France
Germany attacks from the north
Italy from the south
Leaders of France quickly surrender
Germany occupies northern France and Atlantic wall
French navy disarmed
The Fall of France
Vichy France
The legitimate government of France
Sothern part of France
Collaborates with the Germans
The Fall of France
French Resistance
Charles de Gaulle, leader of the resistance
Escaped to northern Africa or Britain
Formed the Free French Government
Set up army and headquarters in Britain
Supplied by Britain and U.S
The Fall of France
French Resistance (cont.)
The Maquis
Underground resistance fighters
Fought against Germany from occupied nations
Blew up bridges, train tracks, and disrupting communications
Battle of Britain
Control of the skies
Germany attempts to destroy the RAF
England fights back on its own for over a year
The German Luftwaffe bombs British Airfields along the coast
England has RADAR for early detection
From July 1940-October 1940 bombing of airfields
Also airplane factories
As many as two a day
Battle of Britain
Control of the Skies (cont)
British Pilots Britain was loosing many
experienced pilots and too many planes
Faster than they could really be replaced
Britain appears ready to give in Then Hitler changes targets
August “accidental” bombing of London
Responds with bombing of Berlin
Retaliatory attacks on London
Begin the London Blitz
Allows RAF to recover
Battle of Britain The Blitz
Almost nightly raids on major cities of England
71 consecutive nights of bombings
57 consecutive nights in London alone
Goal of demoralizing the British people
Failed
Luftwaffe weakens after traveling further distances
Escorts are too low on fuel to stay whole time
Easier for RAF to pick off
Battle of BritainThe Blitz (cont)
Barrage Balloons
Big silver balloons designed to snag German planes
Would force them to land or crash, thus loosing the plane
Destroyed much of London and surrounding cities
Killed over 400,000 people
Did not destroy Britain
Operation Sea Lion never takes off
Invasion plan on England
Keep Calm and Carry On
U.S. Involvement
U.S. Remains Neutral
Sell munitions to nation on “cash-and-carry” basis (1939)
We will sell to belligerents
They must pay cash
Must arrange for transport on their ownOnly Great Britain
controls these routs
U.S. Involvement
U.S. Remains Neutral (cont)
More sympathy after Dunkerque
Send old warships to UK in exchange for use of naval and air bases
Lend-Lease Act
We will supply war materials on credit
Obvious who we will support when the time comes
Roosevelt see U.S. getting involved
Doing everything but fighting
The Atlantic Charter
Churchill and Roosevelt meet in 1941
Goals for the post war world
No new territories or shift in territories without consent
Return of self government
Abandonment of the use of force
Disarmament of aggressor nations
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