world history unit 6 ( chapter 28) modernity & contemporary times vocabulary terms
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FOREIGN LEADERS OF MODERNITY
• Leonid Brezhnev replaced Nikita Khrushchev when he was removed from office.
• Mikhail Gorbachev leader of a Communist Party reformers group
• Boris Yeltsin president of the Russian Republic• Vladimir Putin Russian Republic President• Pierre Trudeau Prime minister of Canada 1968-
1979• Lech Walesa Polish labor leader and statesman• Vaclav Havel a writer who had played an important
role in bringing down the Communist government• Margaret Thatcher Britain's first female prime
minister
USA CONTEMPORARY MAJOR LEADERS • Richard Nixon Vice President under Eisenhower and
37th President of the United States• Gerald Ford38th President of the United States• Jimmy Carter 39th President of the United States• Ronald Reagan 40th President of the United States• George Bush Vice President under Reagan and 41st
President of the United States• Bill Clinton 42nd President of the United States• George W. Bush 43rd President of the United States
COMMUNIST RUSSIA
• Detente a phase of relaxed tensions and improved relations between two adversaries
• Perestroika fundamental restructuring of the Soviet economy; policy introduced by Gorbachev
• Brezhnev Doctrine insisted on the Soviet Union's right to intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist state
SOME BAD THINGS THAT HAPPENED
• Ethnic Cleansing a policy of killing or forcibly removing an ethnic group from its lands; used by the Serbs against the Muslim minority in Bosnia
• Watergate a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice
• Bloody Sunday day when British troops fired on a crowd of civil rights protesters and killed 13 people; January 30, 1972
• Slobodan Milosevic Leader of Serbia (a brutal dictator who was later executed)
AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT
• Reagan Revolution sent US policy in new directions• Cultural Imperialism referring
to Western nations' control of other world cultures similar to how they had controlled colonial governments
SOME CULTURAL ASPECTS
• Postmodernism an artistic movement that emerged in the 1980s; its artists do not expect rationality in the world and are comfortable with many "truths“• Popular Culture
entertainment created for a profit and for a mass audience
WAYS IN WHICH THE RULES CHANGED
•Equal Pay Act required women to be paid the same as men for the same work•Roe v. Wade legalized
women's rights to abortion
THE ECONOMICS OF THE TIME
• Thatcherism the economic policy of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, which limited social welfare and restricted union power
• Budget Deficits the state that exists when a government spends more than it collects in revenues
• Currency coins, for example, that are in circulation and used as a medium of exchange
• Globalization the movement toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy
REGIONS INVOLVED
• Bosnia-Herzegovina Area the Serbs attacked• Kosovo a self-governing province
within Yugoslavia• Munich the capital and largest city of
Bavaria in southeastern Germany• Basque Region in the western
Pyrenees, and part of the territory belongs to Spain and part to France
IICONS OF THE TIME
•Symbolsomething that stands for something else by way of association; a visible sign of something invisible
NATIONS INVOLVED
• Afghanistan country in Asia• Ukraine a republic in southeastern
Europe• Belarus a landlocked republic in
eastern Europe• West Germany a republic in north central Europe
on the North Sea• Northern Ireland a division of the United
Kingdom located on the northern part of the island of Ireland
• France a republic in western Europe
SOME ATTITUDES OF THE TIME
• Participation having a part in or sharing in something
• Responsive quick to respond or react to
• Autonomous self-governing• Shift a change in direction or attitude• Gender Stereotyping restricting what a person
could do just because of the person's gender• Gender Parity a policy by which
women have to make up either a certain number of the candidates in an election or a certain number of those elected
Virtually no men were nurses in the 1920s-50s. Gender roles have changed drastically
since the late 1960s
PROTESTS & DEMONSTRATIONS
•Dissidents a person who speaks out against the regime in power•Demonstrations a public
display of group feeling toward a person or a cause
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