word meaning
Post on 09-May-2015
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WORD MEANING
By : St.Choirunnisak Ashari Ayyi Bahril Wahda
Types of Word Meaning
Word Meaning
Grammatical Meaning
Lexical Meaning
Conceptual Meaning
Associative Meaning
Social meaning
Affective meaning
Social meaningSocial meaning
is the meaning which an expression conveys about the contexts or social circumstances of its use. It chiefly includes stylistic meaning of an utterance. It is the formality of the expression.
Samples :
mother (formal), mom (colloquial), mama (child’s language)
dollar (neutral) buck (slang)
father, papa, old boy
Affective Meaning
The level of meaning that conveys the language user’s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is called affective meaning or emotive meaning. Ex. Politician---statesman
words that have the
same meanings or
that are closely
related in meaning
Synonymy
Sources of Synonyms
lift elevator
tube subway
petrol gasoline
call box telephone booth
charm glamour (ScotE
Dialects and regional English
Semantically synonymous field
synonymic dominant
synonymic group
Leave depart, quit, retire, withdraw, exit…
Look stare, gaze, eye, peep, glance…
Picture painting, photo, drawing…
General specific
Say/speak: murmur, scream, retort, argue, protest, claim, state, declare
Antonymy
words that are opposites in meaning,
e.g. hot & cold.
happy/sad married/single
present/absentfast/slow
Polysemy
Polysemy: A word which has multiple meanings related by extension,(bergabung dengan kata lainnya)
e.g. bright: ‘shining’ ; ‘intelligent’‘Head’ of the body and the person at the top of a company.
‘Foot’ of a body and of a mountain and of the bed or chair.
‘Run’ a person runs, the water runs
HOMONYMS
A word which has two or more entirely distinct
(unrelated) meanings, e.g. bank: ‘financial institution’
bank; ‘of a river’.Bat: ‘flying creature’ or ‘
Bat : used in sports’Race: ‘contest of speed’
Race :‘ethnic group’
Hyponymy
• Hyponymy: Words whose meanings are specific instances of a more general word, i.e. one thing is included (kind of) in another thing.• e.g. cats and dogs are hyponyms of the word
animal.
• In this case cats and dogs are co-hyponyms share the same ‘superordinate’
• Other e.g. daffodil & flower / carrot & vegetable / ant & insect
Hyponymy
IDIOM• Idioms: Phrases with fixed meanings not
composed of literal meanings of the words
Kick the bucket = ‘to die’
(*The bucket was kicked by John.)
When pigs fly = ‘it will never occur’
(*She suspected pigs might actually fly tomorrow.)
Bite off more than you can chew = ‘to take on too much’
(*He chewed just as much as he bit off.)
THANK YOU
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