women and reform
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WOMEN AND REFORM
Chapter 4 Section 3
WOMEN’S ROLE IN THE MID-1800SThe Cult of DomesticityIn the Early 19th Century Women referred to their limited role in society as The Cult Of Domesticity.
In this time period women were unable to
work and be independent after they were married, after marriage women
were restricted to housework and/ or
childcare.
THE LIMITED ROLE OF WOMEN
In the early 1800s women were not allowed to sit on juries even if they were
taxpayers.In addition any property/money a woman acquired prior to her marriage went to her
husband once she was married.If a woman’s marriage were to break up
she did not have the right to keep custody of the children.
STATISTICSAs of 1850 only one in five women had
eared wages before getting married and only one in ten single women worked
outside of the home.If a woman were to attain a job outside of
the home her wages would be half of those given to a man doing the same job.
WOMEN MOBILIZE FOR REFORM
Women Abolitionists An Appeal to Christian
Women of the South, written by Angelina Grimke from SC (1836) Instructed women to
“overthrow this horrible system of oppression and cruelty”
Women abolitionists: Raised $ Distributed literature Collected signatures for
petitions to Congress
WORKING FOR TEMPERANCE Temperance Movement – the effort to
prohibit the drinking of alcohol American Temperance Society founded in 1826
Held rallies Made pamphlets Declined the consumption of alcohol
EDUCATION FOR WOMEN Until 1820s American girls had few educational
opportunities open to them after elementary school Troy Female Seminary – opened in 1821 by Emma Willard
in Troy, NY Became nation’s first academically rigorous schools for girls
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary – 1837 by Mary Lyon in South Hadley, MA
1837 – Ohio’s Oberlin College became nation’s first fully coeducational college (admitted 4 women to its degree program)
1831 – white Quaker, Prudence Crandall, opened a girls school in Canterbury, CT and admitted a black girl. Caused too much controversy, so it was changed to an all black girls school. This caused even more protest against desegregated education that the school was closed
WOMEN AND HEALTH REFORM Educated women began to work for
health reforms by the mid-19th century Elizabeth Blackwell
1849 - first woman to graduate from medical college
Opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children
Women were often unhealthy because of their lack of bathing, exercise, and restrictive corsets that made it hard for them to breathe
Amelia Bloomer Publisher of a temperance newspaper Rebelled by wearing loose-fitting pants
tied at the ankles covered by a short skirt: “bloomers”
Men were outraged by Bloomer’s trend of women wearing pants
WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT EMERGES
Reform toward women’s rights grew as opportunities for women increased with industrialization
1848- Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention where the Declaration of Sentiments was formed. Mimicked the Declaration of Independence, addressing the faults of
man against woman 300 men and women came to the convention at Wesleyan
Methodist Church and almost all parts of the declaration were voted unanimously in favor of a positive change for women All parts excluding the right to vote
SOJOURNER TRUTH Worked to improve social
conditions in the mid-19th century
Sojourner was a slave for 30 years
She traveled the country preaching and arguing for abolition
1951- attended a women’s rights convention and urged men to give women their rights
Women were constant workers just like men, therefore they deserve the same rights
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