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WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
INTEGRATED LONG TERM OBSERVATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT
Gelsomina PappalardoConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Metodologie
per l’Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA)gelsomina.pappalardo@imaa.cnr.it
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Outline
• Introduction
• Lidar aerosol observations
• Ground-based European Observing System
• Global Scale
• Summary and remarks
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Aerosols are very difAerosols are very diffificult to handle in modelscult to handle in models
Aerosols are produced by many different processes, some sources are localized, others are distributed Aerosols are produced by many different processes, some sources are localized, others are distributed over large volumesover large volumes
Aerosols interact dynamically in a nonlinear way (nucleation, condensation, coagulation, deposition)Aerosols interact dynamically in a nonlinear way (nucleation, condensation, coagulation, deposition)
Aerosols can be transported over large distancesAerosols can be transported over large distances
Measurements are needed to assess and improve understanding of Measurements are needed to assess and improve understanding of aerosol processes and their treatment in modelsaerosol processes and their treatment in models
- in situ measurements- in situ measurements
- Ground based remote sensing measurements- Ground based remote sensing measurements
- Aircraft measurementsAircraft measurements
- Satellite measurementsSatellite measurements
Strong need for an integrated approach for characterizing aerosol climate Strong need for an integrated approach for characterizing aerosol climate impacts and environmental interactionsimpacts and environmental interactions
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
● since 2000
● 27 lidar stations
- 12 multiwavelength Raman lidar stations
backscatter (355, 532 and 1064 nm) + extinction (355 and 532 nm) + depol ratio (532 nm)
- 8 Raman lidar stations
- 7 single backscatter lidar stations
● comprehensive, quantitative, and statistically significant data base
● Continental and long-term scale
European Aerosol Research Lidar Network2012
www.earlinet.org
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
First tool for 4D aerosol measurements on continental scale
● Quality assurance program- Instruments- Data analysis
● Predefined measurement schedule (3 per week) → unbiased
● Coordinated network observations for special events (e.g., Saharan dust, forest fires, photochemical smog, diurnal cycle, volcanic eruptions)
● Standardized data format
● Access to data via centralized data base
EARLINET: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Since May 2000 we have observed more than 400 Saharan dust events
First statistical analysis for Saharan dust observations starting from the first 3 years of operation of the network Papayannis et al., JGR 2008
DREAM Forecast profile is provided for each EARLINET station
A systematic comparison between DREAM model and lidar observations is in progress
EARLINET is contributing to the WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS)
Pathways of Saharan Dust Transport over Europe
EARLINET activities: “Saharan dust”
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Volcanic eruptions
Long-term observations of stratospheric aerosol at Garmisch-Partenkinrken
Trickl et al., ACPD 2012
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Volcano eruptions in the North Pacific region 2008-2009
Sarichev plume over Potenza, Italy 27 June 2009
D’Amico et al., 2010
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
The Eyjafjallajökull eruption (April – May 2010)
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS aims at integrating European ground-based stations equipped with advanced atmospheric probing instrumentation for aerosols, clouds and short-lived gas-phase species.
ACTRIS will have the essential role to support building of new knowledge as well as policy issues on climate change, air quality and long-range transport of pollutants.
ACTRIS Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network
Type of funding scheme: Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions for Integrating Activities
Work programme topics addressed: FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1
Support to existing research infrastructures/ Integrating Activities
INFRA-2010-1-1.1.16: Research Infrastructures for Atmospheric Research
1 April 2011 – 31 March 2015
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
CREATE FP5 -
EUSAAR FP6
EARLINETFP5+6
CLOUDNETFP5
APRIORI
Harmonized measurements Harmonized measurements of physical, chemical and of physical, chemical and optical aerosol propertiesoptical aerosol properties
Advanced laser remote Advanced laser remote sensing for 4-D spatio-sensing for 4-D spatio-temporal distribution temporal distribution
of aerosolsof aerosolsObservation ofObservation ofvertical profiles vertical profiles of important cloud of important cloud
parametersparameters
Measurement of Measurement of atmospheric precursor atmospheric precursor compoundscompounds
Air Quality & Health
Air Quality & Health
WeatherWeather
Climate Climate
Long-range transportLong-range transport
MERGING EXISTING NETWORKSMERGING EXISTING NETWORKS
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Sustainable network of coordinated long-term atmospheric observations in Europe
High-quality data relevant to climate and air quality research on the regional scale
Centralised data centre
Access to world-class research infrastructures and advanced instrumentation
Training of researchers and young scientists
New technologies and integration tools for ground-based observations of relevant atmospheric parameters
Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure NetworkAerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network
ObjectivesObjectives
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Ground-based component of global Earth Observation System
Provision of advanced data products and services
Response to user needs (AEROCOM, GMES, ECMWF, research, policy-driven networks, natural hazards)
Support policy issues on climate change, air quality, and health
ACTRIS OBSERVATION NETWORK ACTRIS OBSERVATION NETWORK
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS sites offering Trans National Access AMO Auchencorth Moss Penicuik, United Kingdom
CESAR Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research Lopik, The Netherlands
CIAO CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory Potenza, Italy
FKL Finokalia Crete, Greece
HPB Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological Observatory
Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
JFJ High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Switzerland
MAIDO Observatory of Atmospheric Physics of Reunion Island - Maïdo Station
Reunion Island, France (at 20°60'S, 55°30'E)
MHD Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station Carna, Ireland
PAL SIRTA Atmospheric Observatory Palaiseau, France
SMRStation for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations - SMEAR II
Hyytiälä, Finland
RADO Romanian Atmospheric research 3D Observatory Magurele, Romania
Opportunity for field campaigns, specific observations, trainingInfo how to apply at www.actris.net
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS is a network of networks / Federation of existing networks
Each network operates with a rigorous QA program for both instrument and data processing
Observation strategy
Standardization of data and metadata
Integration is the added value- at instrument level: exploiting the synergies among different sensors and providing integrated advanced products- at data base level: providing open access to a central data portal
HIGH QUALITY DATAHIGH QUALITY DATA
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS Data CentreACTRIS Data Centre
● Centralised advanced information of key variables relevant to climate and air quality research from representative environments and air mass types in Europe.
● Tools and applications for end users to facilitate the use of all measurements for broad user communities (AEROCOM, ECMWF, ...)
● Harmonization with measurements of atmospheric components from other highly relevant networks and programmes (e.g, GMES, MACC, EMEP).
● Access to the most comprehensive atmospheric data centre available worldwide including in-situ aerosol and gas phase measurements, remote column aerosol observations, vertical aerosol profile information and cloud observations.
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
GALION is organized as a Network of Networks, coordinating
- the American Lidar Network (ALINE), Latin America ()
- Asian Dust and Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (AD-Net), East Asia ()
- CIS-LINET, Commonwealth of Independent States (Belarus, Russia and Kyrgyz Republic) LIdar NETwork ()
- the Canadian Operational Research Aerosol Lidar Network (CORALNet), Canada ()
- the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork (EARLINET), Europe ()
- Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Global Stratosphere ()
- CREST, Eastern North America ()
- the MicroPulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET), Global ()
GALION – the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network
Climate research and assessment
Global climatology
Model evaluation
Aerosol transport and tracers
Impact on radiation
Air quality
Air quality assessment
Air quality forecast
Plumes from special events
Support for spaceborne observations
Ground truth
Complementary information
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Nabro volcanic eruption, Africa June 2011
Sawamura et al., ERL 2012
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Observations:All Sources
Global Products
Integrated Global Aerosol Observing System
Data Archival and/or AccessFacilities
( e.g. WDCA; WDC-RSAT)
Data Assimilation By Forecast Models
(e.g. MACC; SDS-WAS etc.)
RI forCalibration
& Quality Assurance
1. Data Uses/Applications2. Air Quality Warnings3. WMO SDS-WAS Assessments 4. WMO SDS-WAS Warnings5. Aerosol Bulletins6. Surface and air transport7. Improved Weather Forecasts8. Improved Climate Prediction
Aircraft: IAGOS
Surface-based : Remote sensing: AODRemote Sensing: GALIONIn situ: PM, optical, etcIn situ: chemistry
Satellites:MODIS, CALIPSO, MISRMSG etc
Real-Time Data Delivery
Observation Optimization
Air/Surface Exchange & Emissions
Reanalysis
C. Lund Myre, U. Baltensperger et al., in preparation
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Summary and remarks Strong need for integrated long term atmospheric observations
The key role of lidar techniques
The European experience: ACTRIS: Integrated observations and advanced products; Cooperation and coordination with the relevant observation and user communities
At global scale GALION WMO-GAW, WMO-GCOS, GEOSS
Federated approach in order to spread “best practice” for each particular instrument/parameter
Global research infrastructure for long-term sustained consistent observations of aerosols properties on a global scale implemented through a consortium of existing aerosol networks complementing satellite and environmental agencies
This observing system should foster aerosol-related process studies, validation of satellite sensors, model development and evaluation, assimilation of aerosol data into operational models, and build a comprehensive aerosol climatology on a global scale
This needs a coalition of research and an operational/regulatory observational system
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
EARLINET, EUSAAR, CloudNet
European Commission contracts RICA-025991 (EARLINET-ASOS) and 262254 (ACTRIS)
WMO - GAW
European Space Agency
German Weather Service for the air mass back-trajectory analysis
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT backtrajectory analysis
NASA for MODIS, AERONET and CALIPSO
Maltese Euromediterranean Center (ICoD) and Barcelona Supercomputing Center for Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM)
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