wireless communication in airship engineering
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Welcome
To
Presentation
on
High Altitude Platform
(HAP)HAP
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Wireless Communication
As the demand grows for communication services,wireless solutions are becoming increasinglyimportant. Wireless offers
Solution to the last mile problem.
Essential for mobile services and cellular
networks.
Capacity for broadband services and
rapid deployment
High bandwidth service provision
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Cellular Concept
Fig 1: Cellular frequency reuse concept.
To provide bandwidth to a large number of users,frequency reuse strategy must be adopted
Base Station
At the center
The neighboring cells have
different frequency of
operation.
Frequency reuse depends
upon factorsLocal propagation
environment
Signal to interference
plus noise ratio
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Limitations of existing system
Terrestrial systems
No proper LOS propagation
No microcellular structure
Sea Coverage not possible
Satellite systems
High Free space path loss
Lengthy propagation delay
Low Capacity
Solution : Use of very tall
base stations mast
Solution : Use of geostationary
systems but at low
altitude
HAP
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High Altitude Platform
(HAPs)
Solar-powered aerial platforms, capable of long endurance
on-station up to several months or more.
operating in a quasi-stationary position at altitudes up to
some 22km
Hap technologies are
Airship
Aircraft
HALE : High Altitude Long Endurance
HAAP : High Altitude Aeronautical Platform
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Airships Technology
Solar Powered
Unmanned
Helium Filled
Semi Rigid
Very Large(150m)
Mission Duration Up to Few Years
Situated at altitude of 1722 km (up to 70000 ft)
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Airship Enabling Technology
Light weight solar cells
(
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Aircraft Technology
Piloted Aircraft
Working in three8 hours shifts.
Pilot less Aircraft
Solar powered
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Aircrafts are like man made aero plane.
They fly in roughly circular path.
Can be manned or unmanned.
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Wind Speed Profile
Wind speed, m/s(depend on season and location
H
eight,km.
Altitude around 20 km.
Altitude selection for HAP
Should be abovecommercial air traffic
Air should be mild with
low wind speed
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Footprint Diameter
Earth Radius
(R)
Earth
Altitude
(h)
D=2R.[ arccos( R.cos() / (R+h) ) -]
Diameter
(D)
Where,
D=Footprint DiameterR=Earth Radius(6378 km.),
=Minimum Elevation Angle
h=Altitude
For =15, D=152 km.
For =0, D=1033 km.
(values at h = 21 km)
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Communication Applications
Inter HAP link
alternative backhaul via
satellite for remote areas
local backhaul links to base
stations for less remote areas
Remote
Hub
Fiber NetworkFiber Network 60400 km
General Communication Scenario
User Traffic
Satellite
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Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
Principle application as broadband fixed wirelessaccess or simply BWA.
Can provide potentially very high data rates to theuser.
Offers 600 MHz of bandwidth.for downlink 47.247.5 GHz
for uplink 47.948.2 GHz
Experimental Parameters:
Footprint Diameter = 60 km
Number of cells = 121
Nominal ground diameter = 5 km
Downlink HAP power = 1W/cell
Data Rates
Of
60 Mbps
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3G/2G Application
Deployment of mobile cellular services
One Base station on HAP can serve a widearea with a wide beam width antenna
Alternatively, for smaller cells directionalantennas can be used
Elimination of much ground stationinstallation.
HAP Networks Number of inter linked HAPs deployed to
cover an entire area.
Inter-HAP links may be accomplished athigh EHF frequencies or using optical links.
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Other Applications
Emergency services and Disaster relief
Oil/gas/mineral exploration
Positioning System
Remote Sensing
Flood detection
Seismic monitoring
Traffic monitoring and control
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Comparison with Terrestrial/Satellite
Systems
TerrestrialSystem
HAPs Satellite System
Height over
ground level5 to 250 m Up to 22 km 50036000 km
Lifetime 15 years < 5years 15 yearsCapacity High Medium Low
Coverage Land and
shore only
Global Global
StationCoverage
< 1km Up to 200 km > 500 km
Cell Size (Dia) .1 - 1 km 1 - 10 km 50 km
Maximum Tx.
Rate
30 Mbps 25 - 155 Mbps < 2 Mbps
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Advantages of HAP
Larger area coverage
Flexibility to respond larger area traffic.
Low cost Incremental Deployment
Rapid Deployment
Platform and Payload upgrading
Environment friendliness
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Some Issues and Challenges
System level requirement Designs of cellular type structure
Frequency planning of different spot beam layouts
Propagation and diversity Consideration of rainfall and scattering statistics
Modulation and coding
Platform Station Keeping Propellers and thrusters technique
Payload power Sufficient power required for continuous coverage especially
in night
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For communications and monitoring
applications
Integrated Network of some 10
airships to cover Japan
150 m class airship
Communications payload of 800 kg.
Some Current and Proposed Programs
Airships:
Sky Net
Sky Station
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Some Existing Platforms: Aircrafts
Halo(Proteus 9)
Global Hawk
Predator
Military UAV
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Conclusion The novelty of HAP communications calls for
some new concepts and researches in terms of
delivery of services and the platforms themselves
present some challenges and potential problems.
But A combination of technology push
from the providers of platforms and applications
pull from the demand for enhancedcommunications may provide significant
developments in HAPs for communication service
delivery in the near future
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REFERENCES
http://www.elec.york.ac.uk/comms/wirelessnetwork
s.html
http://www.elec.york.ac.uk/comms/papers
http://www.airship.com
http://www.bakom.ch/en/funk/forschung/haps/
http://www.zdnet.co.uk/zdnetuk/news/communications/broadband
http://www.skylarc.com/papers.html
http://www.elec.york.ac.uk/commshttp://www.elec.york.ac.uk/commshttp://www.elec.york.ac.uk/comms/papershttp://www.airship.com/http://www.bakom.ch/en/funk/forschung/haps/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/zdnetuk/news/communications/broadbandhttp://www.zdnet.co.uk/zdnetuk/news/communications/broadbandhttp://www.skylarc.com/papers.htmlhttp://www.skylarc.com/papers.htmlhttp://www.zdnet.co.uk/zdnetuk/news/communications/broadbandhttp://www.zdnet.co.uk/zdnetuk/news/communications/broadbandhttp://www.bakom.ch/en/funk/forschung/haps/http://www.airship.com/http://www.elec.york.ac.uk/comms/papershttp://www.elec.york.ac.uk/commshttp://www.elec.york.ac.uk/comms
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