what is matter? properties of matter. matter is… everything that has mass and volume made up of...

What is Matter?

Properties of Matter

Matter is…

everything that has mass and volume made up of atoms (tiny particles)

Mass and Volume

Mass and Volume

Mass is the amount of matter (or material) something contains.

Mass can be measured using a balance scale. The unit for mass is the gram (g). Try a short investigation with mass.

Mass and Volume cont’d

Volume is (1) the amount of space matter takes up and (2) the amount of matter something can contain.

Volume can be measured (1) using a graduated cylinder or (2) by calculating the length x width x height.

The unit for volume is the liter (L), milliliter (mL), or the cubic centimeter (cm3).

Try a short investigation with volume.

Particles

Particles – The 1st Theory

Atomic Theory of Matter (John Dalton)1. elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms2. atoms of the same element are identical; atoms of

different elements are different3. atoms are not created or destroyed4. atoms can combine to form compounds

Particles – cont’d

atoms made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons

protons and neutrons make up the nucleus

the number of protons determines the element

electrons orbit the nucleus

Particles – cont’d

Physical Properties

Physical Propertiescharacteristics that are observed with the senses:

physical state (solid, liquid or gas) color odor density melting point boiling point freezing point hardness

Physical Changeschanges in physical properties like…

cutting a piece of paper ice melting boiling water coloring a piece of paper placing food coloring in water

Physical Changes

Changes in State

Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter

matter made up of particles particles are in motion there is space between the particles changes in heat result in changes in particle

motion changes in heat result in changes in space

between particles

3 Common States of Matter

also 3 common states of water solid, liquid, & gas also BE-condensate & plasma

Solid

packed together but vibrate

definite shape definite volume usually dense

Liquid

fairly close together able to move in all

directions no definite shape fill the bottom of a

container definite volume

Gas

fairly close together able to move in all

directions and collide no definite shape expand to fill any

container no definite volume usually low density

How does energy affect changes in state?

HEAT IS ENERGY!

Kinetic Particle Lab

To observe the affects of heat on the particles of matter.

Materials: 3 containers water (cold, room temperature, & hot) food coloring timer

Lab Questions

When you placed dye into the container filled with _?_ water, what did you observe?

How long did it take for the dye to completely mix into the _?_ water?

In which container did the water mix the fastest?

Using the kinetic particle theory, explain what you observed.

Chemical Properties

Chemical Propertiescharacteristics that describe how matter changes or interacts with other kinds of matter:

paper burns iron rusts gold does not rust wood rots sodium reacts with water

Chemical Changeschanges in chemical properties like…

always changes in the form of matter matter is transformed completely into different

materials

Chemical Changes cont’d

iron turning into rust in moist air digesting food burning metals in fireworks