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What are verbs?
words used to express:
an action
a condition
or a state of being
Action Verbs
Linking Verbs
Helping Verbs
3 types of verbs:
Action Verbs
Linking Verbs (to be)
Helping Verbs
ACTION VERBS
• tell what its subject is
doing
• the action expressed can
be physical or mental
Physical action
Early humans movedconstantly.
They carried all possessions with them.
Mental action
Early humans worriedabout survival.
They feared large animals.
Linking Verbs
• connects or links a subject to a word in the predicate (noun or pronoun)
• tell what the subject is
Words that express
condition are called
Linking verbs
Linking verbs “link”
the subject to the predicate.
Early humans were hunters.(were links human to hunters)
They often felt hungry.
(felt links they to hungry)
appear, become, feel, grow,
look, remain, seem,
smell, sound, taste
Am are were being
Is was be been
Linking Verbs
The most common linking verbs
are forms of the verb “be.”
Action or linking? Some words
function as more than one type of verb.
Animals appeared at their campsites.
(“appeared” functions as an action verb)
Some animals appeared friendly.
(“appeared” functions as a linking verb)
Forms of the verb “be” can be used as linking or helping
verbs.
Forms of the verb “be”
Singular Plural
1st person I am we are
2nd person you are you are
3rd person he, she, it is they are
1st person I was we were
2nd person you were you were
3rd person he, she, it was they were
Helping Verbs
• HELP the main verb express action or precise shades of meaning
• help form some of the tenses and the voice of the main verb
• Helping verbs always come before* action verbs.
*Sometimes adverbs interrupt and come in between the helping and action verbs.
EXAMPLE: Might always be
When there are two or more words in the
verb, the last word is the main verb and
the other words are the helping verbs.
Verb (Verb
Phrase)Helping Verb Main Verb
is making is making
has been making has been making
was mixing was mixing
might have mixed
might (always) be
might have
might
mixed
be
Verb phrase
the combination of
one or more
helping verbs with
a main verb
Verb Phrases
Jane is working on her project.
Frank was listening to music.
You have been working hard.
Helping or Linking?
•The game of checkers is old. _________
•He became an inventor. _________
•I am studying. _________
•She was smart. _________
•The sun is shining. _________
•The sun is shiny. _________
•Miss. Brooks was the teacher. _________
•Miss. Brooks was teaching. _________
Direct Objects
What is a direct object?
A direct object is the
noun or pronoun that
receives the action of
the verb.
• In some sentences the subject and
verb alone can express a complete
thought.
Erika ran.
• In other sentences a direct object is
needed to help express the complete
thought.
Erika found the keys.
(Adding the direct object “keys” helps the
reader understand the sentence.)
• Example #1
Lisa found. (Found what?)
Lisa found the home.
• Example #2
Erika recorded. (Recorded what?)
Erika recorded the discovery.
Use a direct object to
express a complete thought.
All verb tenses are made from the three principal parts of a verb: present, past, and past participle.
Verb Tense
• Present tense – expresses an action (or existence)
that is happening now or that happens continually
or regularly.
• Past tense – expresses an action (or existence) that
was completed at a particular time in the past.
• Future tense – expresses an action (or existence)
that will take place in the future.
• Participles – expresses an action (or existence)
that started at some point and ended in the past.
Principal Parts of Verbs
Present Past Past Participle
call called (have) called
Print printed (have) printed
watch watched (have) watched
review reviewed (have) reviewed
carry carried (have) carried
pick picked (have) picked
Subject and Verb Agreement
Subjects and verbs
in sentences must
agree in number.
Number = singular or plural
Singular subjects need
singular verbs.
Paul wonders if there is
life on other planets.
Plural subjects
need plural verbs.
The girls wonder if
there is life on other
planets.* Note: wonder does not have an “s” at the end.
*Please note that the letter “s” on a verb is considered singular.
Subject
(nouns)
Verb (simpl e
predicate)
Numb er
dog barks singular
dogs bark plural
expert gives singular
experts give plural
law guarantees singular
laws guarantee plural
The prepositional phrase can
interrupt the subject and verb!
The dog in the window was
jumping.
The dogs in the window
were jumping.
Special Forms of Certain Verbs
• A few verbs have special forms.
• Make sure all verbs still agree in number by
using the correct verb.Singular Plural
is are
was were
has have
does do
Special Forms Examples
• The clue is here. (singular)
• The clues are here. (Plural)
• The clues were here. (Plural)
• The Investigator has no answer. (Singular)
• The investigators have no answer. (Plural)
Active Voice
the subject is doing the action
The baseball hit the batter.
Passive Voice
the subject is receiving
the action
The batter was hit by the baseball.
• CAN and MAY
–can “able to”
–may “to be allowed/permitted to”
• LIE and LAY
– lie “to rest” or “to recline” {lie,lay,lain}
– lay “to put or place something” {lay,laid,laid}
• RISE and RAISE– rise “to move upward” or “to get up”
– raise “to move something upward” or “to lift”
• SIT and SET
– sit “to be in a seat” or “to rest”
– set “to put or place something”
Confusing words continued
ACCEPT (verb)
• to receive something offered
• To regard as true
• To admit to a place, group or organization
EXCEPT (preposition)
• With the exclusion of; but, otherwise than
EXCEPTED (verb)
• to leave out, exclude
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