westward expansion and the american industrial revolution 1865 - 1900
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Westward Westward Expansion and Expansion and the American the American
Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution
1865 - 19001865 - 1900
IndustrializationIndustrialization
8 Reasons for Industrialization8 Reasons for Industrialization
Abundant Abundant Resources – coal, Resources – coal, iron, steel, lumber, iron, steel, lumber, oil, copperoil, copper
National Market – National Market – more places to more places to buy/sell; beg. Of buy/sell; beg. Of dept. stores; mail dept. stores; mail order cataloguesorder catalogues
Communication – Communication – telegraph, telegraph, telephone, mail telephone, mail order catologuesorder catologues
Corporations – new Corporations – new business business organization; put organization; put together lots of $ together lots of $ quickly; reduce risk; quickly; reduce risk; monopolies formedmonopolies formed
8 Reasons for 8 Reasons for Industrialization – Industrialization – cont’dcont’d
Transportation – Railroads, roads, & Transportation – Railroads, roads, & canals builtcanals built
Technology – new inventions: steel, Technology – new inventions: steel, light bulb, typewriter, locomotivelight bulb, typewriter, locomotive
Abundant Labor Supply – civil war Abundant Labor Supply – civil war vets, farmers leaving for cities, vets, farmers leaving for cities, immigrantsimmigrants
Extension of Manufacturing – built Extension of Manufacturing – built factories closer to resourcesfactories closer to resources
Reasons for Moving WestReasons for Moving West1 . Railroad – expansion 1 . Railroad – expansion all over; easier to get all over; easier to get
westwest
2. 2. Work for miners – rise of Work for miners – rise of boomtowns brings peeps west; boomtowns brings peeps west;
lawlessnesslawlessness
3. The Cattle Business – Go west to be a 3. The Cattle Business – Go west to be a cowboycowboy
Government Government HelpHelp
Homestead Act – 1862: 160 acres Homestead Act – 1862: 160 acres to any head of householdto any head of household
Morrill Land Grant – 1862, 1890 – Morrill Land Grant – 1862, 1890 – gave states fed land to finance Ag. gave states fed land to finance Ag. Colleges Colleges
Pacific Railway Act – 1862: Pacific Railway Act – 1862: provided Fed. subsidies in land & provided Fed. subsidies in land & loans for construction of loans for construction of transcontinental RRs.transcontinental RRs.
The Men and the MachinesThe Men and the Machines
SteelSteel
OilOil
Carnegie and
Morgan
1900 – Carnegie sold all his steel interests to Morgan = US Steel
The first US Billion $ Corp
John Rockefeller
•Standard Oil
The Inventors The Inventors
Thomas Edison – Thomas Edison – light bulb & other light bulb & other inventionsinventions
George Eastman – George Eastman – camera/photographycamera/photography
Charles Sholes – Charles Sholes – typewriter; adding typewriter; adding machinemachine
Swift & Armour – Swift & Armour – meat packingmeat packing
Alexander G. Bell – Alexander G. Bell – telephone; 1 million telephone; 1 million homes by 1900homes by 1900
Charles Pillsbury – Charles Pillsbury – flour millingflour milling
Vanderbilt – railroads; Vanderbilt – railroads; consolidationconsolidation
George Pullman – George Pullman – Railroad cars; Railroad cars; Dining/sleeping carsDining/sleeping cars
Christopher Christopher Sholes and Sholes and
the the TypewriterTypewriter
George George Eastman and Eastman and the Camerathe Camera
Alexander Graham Bell
Swift and Armour
Charles Pillsbury
Cornelius Vanderbilt
George Pullman and his cars
Corporations
Business Business PhilosophiesPhilosophies
Social Darwinism
vs. Gospel of
Wealth
Poor Labor Conditions
American American LaborLabor UnionsUnions
– National National Labor Labor
UnionUnion– Knights of Knights of
LaborLabor– AFLAFL
Union GoalsUnion Goals““Bread & Butter Bread & Butter
Issues”Issues”
Shorter hoursShorter hours Higher payHigher pay Better Better
conditionsconditions
TacticsTactics BoycottsBoycotts StrikesStrikes Closed shopClosed shop
4 Major 4 Major StrikesStrikes Great Railway Great Railway
StrikeStrike Haymarket RiotHaymarket Riot Homestead StrikeHomestead Strike Pullman StrikePullman Strike
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