welcome to… nervous system central nervous system peripheral nervous system parasympathetic...

Welcome to…

Nervous Nervous SystemSystem

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Parasympathetic

Somatic Nerves

Autonomic Nerves

Spinal Cord

BrainMotorSensory Sympathetic

HindbrainMidbrainForebrain

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

Pons

Hypothalamus

ThalamusOlfactory

Lobes

Corpus Callosum

Cerebrum

The Four

Lobes…

Text, p.241

CNS & PNS

• CNS – coordinating centre for information coming in and going out (brain and spinal cord)

• PNS – carries information between organs of the body and the CNS

http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/complications_nerves/index.htm

First, the Peripheral Nervous System…

Somatic Nerves voluntaryvoluntary

• Control muscles that are connected to the skeleton and skin

• Sensory nerves – Relay information about the environment

• Motor nerves– Initiate an appropriate response

Think of a pin pricking your

finger…

Autonomic Nerves involuntaryinvoluntary

• Special nerves to control the internal organs of the body

• Sympathetic– “on” switch to prepare for stress

• Parasympathetic– “off” switch to return to normal resting levels

What do lie detector tests and erectile dysfunction have in common??

Nervous Nervous SystemSystem

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Parasympathetic

Somatic Nerves

Autonomic Nerves

Spinal Cord

BrainMotorSensory Sympathetic

Text, p.241

And now, the Central Nervous System…

Spinal Cord

• Carries sensory nerve messages from receptors to the brain

• Relays motor nerve messages from the brain to muscles and glands

• Like the brain, it is made up of grey and white matter

http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/IWT/superman/cutawaycord.html

Nervous Nervous SystemSystem

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Parasympathetic

Somatic Nerves

Autonomic Nerves

Spinal Cord

BrainMotorSensory Sympathetic

Text, p.241

THE BRAIN

http://www.simpsonstrivia.com.ar/wallpapers/homer-simpson-wallpaper-brain.htm

Oops! That’s better…

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/hottopics/intelligence/

The Brain

• Meninges – protective membranes that surround the brain inside the skull– dura mater – outer membrane (“tough

mother”)– arachnoid mater – middle layer (spiderweb-

like)– pia mater – inner layer (“tender mother”)

p. 257

The Brain

• Major user of glucose (can’t use any other source of energy)

How does glucose enter the body???

So, how does this make you feel about the

“no-carb” craze??

Regions of the brain

• Forebrain– Contains olfactory lobes, cerebrum & corpus

callosum

• Midbrain– Less developed; four spheres of grey matter;

relay centre for some eye and ear reflexes

• Hindbrain– Behind midbrain, joins the spinal cord– Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.html

Forebrain

• Olfactory lobes (2) – smell

• Cerebrum– 2 giant hemispheres; major coordination

centres of sensory info & motor reaction– Speech, reasoning, memory & personality

• Cerebral cortex– The surface of the cerebrum– Composed of grey matter with many fissures

Forebrain continued

• Corpus callosum– A bundle of nerves that connects the 2

hemispheres

• Hemispheres are divided into lobes– Frontal lobe– Temporal lobe– Parietal lobe– Occipital lobe

Lobes of the Cerebrum

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/lobe.html

Page 260 in your text lists the functions of the lobesPage 260 in your text lists the functions of the lobes

Forebrain or Midbrain

• Thalamus– Below the cerebrum– Coordinates and interprets

sensory info

• Hypothalamus (below)– Connected to pituitary– Connects the nervous and

endocrinal systems

http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.html

Nervous Nervous SystemSystem

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Parasympathetic

Somatic Nerves

Autonomic Nerves

Spinal Cord

BrainMotorSensory Sympathetic

HindbrainMidbrainForebrain

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

Pons

Hypothalamus

ThalamusOlfactory

Lobes

Corpus Callosum

Cerebrum

The Four

Lobes…

Text, p.241

Hindbrain

• Cerebellum– Controls limbs, balance,

muscle tone

• Pons (“bridge”)– Relay station between the 2 parts of the

cerebellum and between the cerebellum and the medulla

• Medulla Oblongata– Connector between spine and brain; regulates

involuntary muscles

http://web.lemoyne.edu/~hevern/psy340/lectures/psy340.04.2.ns.structure.html

Page 259 in the text

• Look at the differences in brains of different organisms

• Cerebellum – muscle tone, movements

• Forebrain – reason, intellect, memory, language, personality

• Medulla oblongata – autonomic nerve control

Sheep Brain…

…see you tomorrow!

http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/brain/brshpx.htm