week 4 operant conditioning and social learning theory
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Lesson ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson you …
• Must be able to describe (AO1) Operant Conditioning.
• Must be able to describe (AO1) the components of OC (PR,NR,PP,NP).
• Should be able to describe (AO1) Social Learning Theory.
Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach
Classical Conditioning Aversion Therapy Operant Conditioning
Punishment Reinforcer
Decrease chance of undesirable behaviour
Increase chance of desirable behaviour
Positive
the addition of something / doing something.
Negative
the removal of something / stop doing something
Adding something after an undesirable behaviour to decrease the chance of replication. E.g. Hitting a child after a bad behaviour
Adding something after a desirable behaviour to increase the chance of replication. E.g. Reward of chocolate after good behaviour.
Removing something after an undesirable behaviour to decrease the chance of replication. Eg. Taking a mobile off a child after bad behaviour.
Removing something or something bad NOT happening after a desirable behaviour to increase the chance of replication. Eg. Stop shouting at a child when they behave.
Conversion Task
Define each of the following terms in relation to operant conditioning and give an example of each.
– Reinforcer – Punishment – Positive Reinforcement – Negative Reinforcement – Positive Punishment – Negative Punishment
Pg. 17-18 / 10 minutes
THEORIES Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Learning Theory
Defining Component
Key Terms
Voluntary or Involuntary
behaviour (Eg…)
Key Researcher(s)
Linked Study / Treatment
Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach
Classical Conditioning Aversion Therapy Operant ConditioningSocial Learning Theory
Bandura (1961)
Bandura
Attention• Pay attention to the features
of the modelled behaviour.
Retention• Remember details of the
behaviour in order to learn and reproduce
Reproduction• The opportunity
to reproduce must be available
Motivation
Social Learning Theory
• Observation • Imitation (copying) • Role Models
• Motivation from the environment• Eg. Approval / Reward / ItemsExternal
• Motivation from a feeling or want. • Eg. Happiness / Enjoyment / FunInternal
• Motivation by watching others.• Eg. Friend gets reward : you wantVicarious
THEORIES Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Learning Theory
Defining Component
Key Terms
Voluntary or Involuntary
behaviour (Eg…)
Key Researcher(s)
Linked Study / Treatment
Operant
SLTClassical
Application Question
Using all of the key terms of Social Learning Theory describe how a child might learn to be aggressive.
10 minutesexplain the same behaviour using classical conditioning or operant conditioning.
• Must be able to describe (AO1) Operant Conditioning.
• Must be able to describe (AO1) the components of OC (PR,NR,PP,NP).
• Should be able to describe (AO1) Social Learning Theory.
Find all the key terms …
… when you find a word write a definition next to the word in the clue list.
Lesson ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson you …
• Must be able to describe (AO1) Social Learning Theory.
• Must be able to describe (AO1) Bandura’s (1961) study of learned aggression.
• Should be able to evaluate (AO2) Bandura’s (1961) study of learned aggression.
Pg. 23-26
Approach
Theories
Studies
Methods
Learning Approach
Classical Conditioning Aversion Therapy Operant ConditioningSocial Learning Theory
Bandura (1961)
Attention• Pay attention to the features
of the modelled behaviour.
Retention• Remember details of the
behaviour in order to learn and reproduce
Reproduction• The opportunity
to reproduce must be available
Motivation
Social Learning Theory
• Observation • Imitation (copying) • Role Models
• Motivation from the environment• Eg. Approval / Reward / ItemsExternal
• Motivation from a feeling or want. • Eg. Happiness / Enjoyment / FunInternal
• Motivation by watching others.• Eg. Friend gets reward : you wantVicarious
Participants
6 boys with same sex model.
6 boys with opposite sex model.
6 girls with same sex model.
6 girls with opposite sex model.
6 boys with same sex model.
6 boys with opposite sex model.
6 girls with same sex model.
6 girls with opposite sex model.
Aggressive Model Condition (24 participants)
Non-aggressive Model Condition (24 participants)
Control Group (24 participants)
Stage OneChild is placed in a room with a bobo
doll and is a passive witness to either the
aggressive or non-aggressive role
model.
Stage Two Mild
aggressive arousal.
Stage ThreeChild is taken to a play room where
there is a bobo doll along with other
toys. Observed for 20 minutes.
A
• Aim• What did they hope to find? What was their
research question? What theory is the study attempting to support? How is it going to support it?
P• Procedure• What did they do? How did they do it? Who did they
do it to? When did they do it?
Page 23-26
Time line activity
Starting with the initial observations prior to the experiment and ending with the 20 minutes of observation at the end plot a timeline of the study ensuring that you have all stages in detail.
Following on from the timeline that you have completed give two examples of quantitative results from the study and two examples of qualitative results from the study. (5 minutes)
1. Briefly explain Bandura’s social learning theory?2. What type of method did Bandura use?3. What type of design did Bandura use and why did he use it?4. What are the IVs in the study?5. How did Bandura match the children?6. Why were the children exposed to ‘mild aggression arousal’?7. Describe a possible weakness with the sample8. What were the main controls in the study?9. Describe how the dependent variables were measured10. How else could the DV have been measured?11. Why was both imitative and non-imitative aggression observed?12. In what ways does Bandura’s study lack ecological validity?13. What does this study tell us about aggression?14. Boys were more likely to imitate physical aggression than girls.
Why is this the case according to Bandura?15. According to Bandura how could we reduce aggression?
Descrip
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• Must be able to describe (AO1) Social Learning Theory.
• Must be able to describe (AO1) Bandura’s (1961) study of learned aggression.
• Should be able to evaluate (AO2) Bandura’s (1961) study of learned aggression.
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