watersheds concepts and curriculum review
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WATERSHEDS Concepts and Curriculum
Review
LAKE MONITORING AND ANALYSISTony Thorpe and Dan Obrecht
Lakes of Missouri Volunteer Program – Univ. of Missouri
Talk Topics
• Pollutants and Sources• Lake Ecology• Trends and Variability• Lakes of Missouri Volunteer Program
Pollutants and Sources
Most Common Pollutants
• Nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen)
• Metals (mercury)
• Suspended Sediment (soil materials)
Leading Sources
• Agriculture• Municipal Point Sources• Urban Runoff
NRCS photo
NRCS photo
NRCS photo
Leading Sources
• Agriculture• Municipal Point Sources• Urban Runoff
Photo vault
Leading Sources
• Agriculture• Municipal Point Sources• Urban Runoff
NRCS photo
Lake Ecology
Nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen
101 1023 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5
Phosphorus (ug/L)
100
101
102
6
23457
23457
2345
Alg
al B
iom
ass
(Chl
ug/
L)
10-1.0 100.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3
Nitrogen (mg/L)
100
101
102
6
23457
23457
2345
Alg
al B
iom
ass
(Chl
ug/
L)
Other sources of nutrients
• Fertilizers from yards, golf courses, etc.• Seepage from failing septic systems• Pet waste• Erosion
Impacts of Excessive Algae
• Reduced aesthetics• Decreased recreational value• Increased treatment cost• Taste and odor problems• Impacts of dissolved oxygen in lake• Reduced water clarity
Lake Ecology
Suspended Sediment
NRCS photo
Other sources of suspended sediments
• Erosion from construction sites• Gully and stream erosion• Shoreline erosion
Impacts of suspended sediment
• Reduced aesthetics• Fill in lake bottom• Reduce substrate habitat• Increased treatment cost• Reduced water clarity
Secchi Disk
10-1.0 100.0 101.02 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5
Suspended Solids (mg/L)
10-1.0
100.0
2
3
45678
2
3
456
Secc
hi (m
eter
s)
100 101 10267 2 3 4 5 67 2 3 4 5 67 2 3 4 5
Algal Biomass (Chl ug/L)
10-1.0
100.0
2
345678
2
3456
Secc
hi (m
eter
s)
Human activity in watershed
Nutrients Sediment
Algae
Reduced water clarity
Decreased water quality
Trends and Variability
Glacial Plains
Osage Plains
Ozark Border
Ozark Highlands Mississippi Lowlands
Average values for physiographic region
Region Sediment Phosphorus (mg/L) (ug/L)
Glacial Plains 6.8 44 Osage Plains 16.5 73 Ozark Border 4.5 40 Ozark Highlands 2.1 17
7
20
55
148
Tota
l Pho
spho
rus
(g/
L)
Medium
Amount of Row Crop in the Watershed
Low High
Missouri Lakes
Row Crop vs Phosphorus
7
20
55
148
Tota
l Pho
spho
rus
(g/
L)
Medium
Amount of Forest in the Watershed
Low High
Missouri Lakes
Forest vs Phosphorus
100
300
500
700
900
1100
Tota
l Nitr
ogen
(
g/L)
Phos
phor
us a
nd
Chl
orop
hyll
(
g/L)
PhosphorusChlorophyllNitrogen
0
20
40
60
JuneMay July August September
Longview Lake – Seasonal Pattern
LAKES OF MISSOURI VOLUNTEER PROGRAM
Program Goals
Determine current water quality of Missouri lakes.
Monitor for changes over time.
Educate the public about water quality and lake ecology.
Parameters Monitored
• Secchi Transparency• Phosphorus and Nitrogen• Algal Chlorophyll• Suspended Sediments
How the Program Works
• Volunteers are provided with equipment and training
• They collect 8 samples between April and September.
• Process samples at home.• LMVP staff pick-up frozen samples and
analyze at University.• Data are given to MoDNR and used to
produce annual report.
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