waste management and water quality issues in coastal states of nigeria: the ogun state experience by...

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WATER QUALITY ISSUES IN

COASTAL STATES OF NIGERIA: THE OGUN STATE

EXPERIENCE

By

D. O. Omole1 and S. A. Isiorho2

1Dept. of Civil EngineeringCovenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

2Dept. of Geosciences,Indiana Univ. - Purdue Univ. Ft. Wayne (IPFW)

Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA.

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

IntroductionIntroduction

MethodMethod

Aim & Study AreaAim & Study Area

Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions

Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions and Recommendations

IntroductionIntroduction•About one quarter of Nigerians live in the coastal zone (UNEP, 2007; FRN, 2007)

•There is strong positive correlation between population and waste generated.

•The coastal states in Nigeria are Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-Rivers, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Rivers.

•*Lagos accounts for 60% of all Nigeria’s industrial activities… most waste generated are hazardous… ~80% never treated

OGUN STATE

•Ogun State is the nearest neighbour to Lagos state.

•The location of Ogun State makes it to partake in both the benefits and ill effects of the economic activities of Lagos State.

* * Ota, Ogun State.

Aim & Study area, Ogun StateAim & Study area, Ogun StateAim of study is to examine the effect of abattoir (slaughter house) effluents on the water quality of River Illo that eventually empties into the nearby lagoon.

* Segments of this river traverse major urban centers and rural areas. Several industries discharge untreated wastes directly to the river. Some individuals also dispose of their human wastes into the same river.

MethodsMethodsField studies were carried out in Ogun state using field, interviews and literature research.

Triplicate water samples from 7 sites were obtained and tested for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, and total dissolved solids (TDS).

Using titrimetric methods and spectrometer (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate)

Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions* Summary of water quality data is presented in the table below

Chart#2

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Dist in Meter

DO (mg/l)

Nitrate (mg/l)

Phosphate (mg/l)

pH

TDS

BOD (mg/l)

BOD had a mean value of 312.9mg/l, higher than 15mg/l limit for drinking water.

Total solids mean was of 608mg/l

higher than 500mg/l. the standard

The pH is slightly acidic. Phosphates, Nitrate level and conductivity values are low.

BOD, and TDS within the WHO acceptable standards.

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DO, Nitrate, Phosphate, pH

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Sample Stations

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#REF!

DO (mg/l)

Nitrate (mg/l)

Phosphate (mg/l)

pH

Distance in meter, DO, Nitrate, Phosphate, pH plot with distance

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Dist in Meter

DO (mg/l)

Nitrate (mg/l)

Phosphate (mg/l)

pH

Butchers typically wash animal entrails and expose animal bones, and sludge to the river.

Increased suspended solids and phosphate lead to exposure of people to zoonotic diseases (Olugasa et al., 2000).

Increase population = increase in waste amount generated.

Collection/disposal are inadequate.

Educate masses of consequences of improper waste disposal.

Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusions and Recommendations

Increase migration to coastal states of Nigeria would lead to increase in waste generation.

Abattoirs are potential sources of water pollution.

Cradle to grave approach that includes health and economic effect, and societal obligations should be emphasized.

Education of all Stake holders. People should be made aware of their social responsibility of caring for the environment.

FINALLYFINALLY

Government should enforce environmental laws, encourage people to reduce, reuse, recycle and properly dispose of their wastes by charging fees for their waste disposal services.

YOU CAN BE PART OF THE SOLUTION

Thanks Thanks

Any Questions?Any Questions?