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Why is Volcanic Activity considered a

constructive force?

Because volcanoes add new rock to existing land or form new islands.

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Magma is a liquid- therefore it is (more/less) dense than

surrounding solid material.

It flows (up/downward) into any cracks.

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Less dense and flows upward into cracks

•What is the bowl-shaped area that forms around the volcano’s vent and the lava collects?

•Lava collects in the crater, the bowl-shaped area that forms around the volcano’s vent.

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This dark-colored, volcanic rock is low in silica and forms both Iceland and the

Hawaiian Islands.

Basalt

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A large underground pocket of magma is called?

A large underground pocket of magma is a magma chamber.

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The force of an eruption depends on

three things……

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1. The amount of gases dissolved in the magma.

2.The temperature of the magma3.the silica content of the magma

He was an Admiral in the Roman Navy who

attempted a rescue mission to Pompeii on August 24th, AD 79 as

Mount Vesuvius erupted.

Pliny The Elder

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The hotter the lava, (the more/ less fluid it is.)

The hotter the lava, (the more fluid it is.)More fluid means the lava has a lower

viscosity.

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Hotter lava

The silica content helps determine whether the volcanic eruption is quiet or explosive. If the magma has a high viscosity the eruption is quiet/explosive

and therefore the silica content must be high/low.

The silica content helps determine whether the volcanic eruption is

quiet or explosive. If the magma is thick and sticky the eruption is

explosive and therefore the silica content must be high.

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This mountain range includes Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta just to name a few. The range forms as a result of subduction of The Juan

de Fuca Plate under the North American Plate.

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The Cascade Range

What are the three types of volcanoes?

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a) Shieldb) Cinder conec) Composite

Describe a the shape of a Cinder Cone and what type

of eruptions make it that way.

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A steep, cone-shaped hill.If lava is thick and stiff it may

produce ash, cinders and bombs in explosive volcanoes

Paricutin in Mexico (farmers field 400m high)

•What kind of a volcano is a tall, cone-shaped volcano which alternates

eruptions of lava flows with explosive eruptions of ash, cinder and bombs.

Name two examples:

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Composite Volcanoes-examples are: Mount Fugi, Mount Vesuvius, and

Mount St. Helens.

Mount Fuji Mount Vesuvius Mount St. Helens

A Shield Volcano is wide at its base and forms from layers of

thin/thick lava that is high/low in silica and has gentle/ steep

slopes. An example of a Shield Volcano is…

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A Shield Volcano forms from layers of thin lava that is low in silica and has gentle

slopes. An example of a Shield Volcano is…Hawaii or Iceland

A divergent boundary is associated with:1.explosive volcanoes, sea floor

spreading, mountain building2.quiet volcanoes, island arc

volcanoes, shield volcanoes3.quiet volcanoes, sea floor

spreading, mid ocean ridge4.explosive volcanoes, island arc

volcanoes, hot spots

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A divergent boundary is associated with: sea floor spreading and quiet eruptions

like those that formed Iceland. As the plates continue to diverge, Iceland will

continue to get wider.

Most volcanoes are found along plate boundaries. Are volcanic mountains and island arcs associated with convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries or hot spots? Why? Give 2 examples.

Volcanic mountains and Island Arcs occur at converging plates because the

denser plate dives below the crust, melts and magma rises to the surface

creating the volcano.

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Examples: Japan, Aleutian islands, New Zealand

Magma flows upward through cracks in rock because it is

1. highly magnetic 2. highly fluid. 3. less dense than the surrounding

solid material. 4. more dense than the surrounding

solid material.

Magma flows upward through cracks in rock because it is1. highly magnetic 2. highly fluid.

3. less dense than the surrounding solid material.

4. more dense than the surrounding solid material.

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Pyroclastic flows occur during the most Pyroclastic flows occur during the most dangerous kind of volcanic eruptions. dangerous kind of volcanic eruptions. Extremely hot gasses and fragments Extremely hot gasses and fragments of rock travel down the sides of the of rock travel down the sides of the volcano at speeds over 100 Km per volcano at speeds over 100 Km per hour killing and burying everything in hour killing and burying everything in

their path. their path. Pyroclastic flows are Pyroclastic flows are associated with what type of an associated with what type of an

eruptioneruption??

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An explosive eruption. Pyroclastic flow occurs

when an explosive eruption hurls out ash,

cinders and bombs as well as gases.

(400mph, 1,800˚F)

What happened in these photos? Where is this?

These people were killed instantly in the pyroclastic flow from the explosive

eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in Pompeii, Italy in 79 A.D.

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Excavated Pompeii today with Mt. VesuviusDepiction of Mt Vesuvius 79 A.D.

These are huge holes that form when a volcanic eruption empties a magma

chamber and the volcanic mountain above it collapses into the magma chamber.

Calderas

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What type of a volcano are the Hawaiian Islands? How did they form?

They are They are Shield VolcanoesShield Volcanoes. Each Island was . Each Island was formed as the formed as the tectonic plate moved over the tectonic plate moved over the

Hot SpotHot Spot and the lava produced a volcanic and the lava produced a volcanic mountain large enough to emerge through the mountain large enough to emerge through the surface of the ocean. surface of the ocean. A hot spot is a location A hot spot is a location where a column of extremely hot mantle rock, where a column of extremely hot mantle rock,

called a mantle plume, rises through the called a mantle plume, rises through the asthenosphereasthenosphere. .

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If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?1.It is a good source of geothermal

energy.2.It is dormant.3.It is probably about to erupt. 4.It is extinct.

If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?1.It is a good source of geothermal

energy.2.It is dormant.3.It is probably about to erupt. 4.It is extinct.

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List the 3 types of boundaries symbolized

by the following motions.

Convergent, Divergent, and Transform boundaries.

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Fissure eruptions occur when lava flows from giant cracks, or fissures, in the Earth’s crust. As

a result, a thick and mostly flattened layer of cooled lava

creates this landform.

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A Lava Plateau is created.

What’s the difference between magma and lava?

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Magma is the name given to liquid rock

below the Earth’s surface while lava is the name given to liquid rock on

the Earth’s surface.

You have 30 seconds to name as many plates as you can.

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