© vivek athreya japan earthquake and its impact on traffic...
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© Vivek Athreya
Japan Earthquake and its impact on traffic and routing
Vivek Athreya Krishnan
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Missouri University of Science and Technology
vafy2@mst.edu
2 Feb 2017 rev. 14.0 © 2017 Vivek Athreya
© Vivek Athreya
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• Events
• Traffic
• Routing
• Conclusion
Presentation Overview2 Feb 2017 2
© Vivek Athreya
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• Events
• Traffic
• Routing
• Conclusion
Presentation Overview2 Feb 2017 3
© Vivek Athreya
Introduction
• Earthquake with magnitude 9.0 leading to Tsunami on March 11 2011
• Affected connectivity within and with nations
• Impact on a major ISP – IIJ
• Around 15000 dead; transport and electricity affected badly
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 4
© Vivek Athreya
Introduction
• Disaster affected :
-1.5 million circuits for fixed-line services
-6,700 pieces of base station equipment
-15,000 circuits for corporate data communication
services
• Voice network affected more than internet
• Backbone topology was redundant and over-provisioned
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 6
© Vivek Athreya
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• Events
• Traffic
• Routing
• Conclusion
Presentation Overview2 Feb 2017 7
© Vivek Athreya
Events
• Friday: Earthquake of Magnitude 9.0 hit at 14:46 ; Data centres started losing power , 2 redundant links were down
• Saturday: Most damaged links were re-routed
• Monday: Service restoration, support work and business recovery
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 8
© Vivek Athreya
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• Events
• Traffic
• Routing
• Conclusion
Presentation Overview2 Feb 2017 9
© Vivek Athreya
TrafficResidential Broadband Traffic
• Miyagi Prefecture and Nationwide traffic
• Sendai most affected
• 85% recovery in 10 days
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 10
© Vivek Athreya
TrafficResidential Broadband Traffic
• 20% traffic affected nationwide ; Recovered by 85% next day
• Energy saving measures were implemented
• Presence of internet had its own drawbacks(why?)
• Migration of work and servers to cloud for backup
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 11
© Vivek Athreya
TrafficTrans-Pacific Traffic
• Damage to undersea cables
• International circuits started to fail after hours
• Cable operators had redundant paths from south coast of Japan
• 8 links to the U.S of which some were damaged
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 12
© Vivek Athreya
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• Events
• Traffic
• Routing
• Conclusion
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© Vivek Athreya
RoutingInternal Routing
• Links in Sendai failed immediately as opposed to pacific links
• 3 trans-pacific links failed immediately
• Failure and recovery for 19.5 hours
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 16
© Vivek Athreya
RoutingInternal Routing
• Sendai links were affected the most
• Failure in the Fukuoka PoP that was resolved within the hour
• Backbone areas were not affected, area border routers were
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 17
© Vivek Athreya
RoutingExternal Routing
• Neighbouring ISP was used to examine BGP(?) activities
• BGP withdrawals in iBGP of neighbouring ISP
• Sendai link recovers on 12th
• Updates started becoming faster than BGP withdrawal
• Internal networks where stable and resilient
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 19
© Vivek Athreya
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 21
Related Works and Other Disasters
• 9/11 attack and its impact on routing ; 1% of globally announced prefixes
• Hurricane Katrina and physical paths ; 1.75m communication lines affected
• Taiwan earthquake 2006 affected global Internet
• Egypt’s intentional disaster in 2010
© Vivek Athreya
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 22
Chennai Floods
• Dec 1st 2016 – Heavy Rains
• 5 days black out and loss of connectivity
• Internet was helpful in some cases
• Firechat was helpful
• Used in iOS and Android
• Peer to Peer mesh networking
• Connect phones using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi radios already embedded
© Vivek Athreya
Presentation Overview
• Introduction
• Events
• Traffic
• Routing
• Conclusion
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2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 24
Conclusion
• Severe damage and gradual recovery in Miyagi
• Limited impact(why?) on residential traffic throughout
• Significant effect within IIJ
• Redundancy : key attribute of network design
• There is a need to be prepared and act
• Importance of Internet is rising
© Vivek Athreya
2 Feb 2017 Presentation Overview 25
References and Further Reading
• B. Woodcock. Overview of the Egyptian Internet Shutdown. http://www.pch.net/resources/misc/Egypt-PCH-Overview.pdf, Feb. 2011
• T. Underwood, A. Popescu, and E. Zmijewski. Quaking Tables: The Taiwan Earthquakes and the Internet Routing Table. http://www.nanog.org/meetings/nanog39/abstracts.php?pt=MjUyJm5hbm9nMzk=&nm=nanog39,Feb. 2007.
• A. Ogielski and J. Cowie. Internet Routing Behavior on 9/11 and in the Following Weeks. http://www.renesys.com/tech/presentations/pdf/renesys-030502-NRC-911.pdf, Mar. 2002.
• K. Starbird and L. Palen. Pass It On?:Retweeting in Mass Emergency. In ISCRAM Conf., May 2010.
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