vi improved, a programmers text editor
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
Bart Van Loon
31st January 2012
1 / 30 Bart Van Loon vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
1 Introduction
2 Getting started with vim
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
3 Tasks
4 Search and replace
5 Configuration
2 / 30 Bart Van Loon vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
How it all began: viA part of history
I text editor originally created for UNIX
I old: first release in 1976 (Open Source: BSD license)
I but modern: 2009 survey by Linux Journal → vi[m] mostwidely used text editor (36%); second place: gedit (19%)
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
How it all began: viModal editor
I vi is a modal editor:
insert mode: typed text becomes part of the documentnormal mode: keystrokes are interpreted as commands
I i in normal mode: switch to insert mode; i again at thispoint: place an “i” character in the document
I esc in insert mode: switch to normal mode
I advantage: both text editing and command operationswithout requiring removal of hands from the home row⇒ speed!
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
How it all began: viIt breaks my fingers!
Many ideas, shortcuts, keystrokes, . . . can be explained by lookingat a common computer keyboard from the seventies.
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
How it all began: viContemporary derivatives and clones
vi: traditional vi ported to modern systems
vim: (“Vi IMproved”) vi with many more features
elvis: once popular clone with some extra features
nvi: default derivative shipped with all BSDs
vile: attempt to mix emacs and vi
. . .
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
vimIntroduction
I first released publicly in 1991 (Open Source charityware)
I still actively developed and maintained
I cross platform
I additional features specifically designed for editing source code
I customisable through plugins and vimscript
I described as “very much compatible with vi”, but not 100%
I huge community constantly at war with the emacs-community
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
vimSooooooo many features
completion, comparison and merging of files, comprehensive integrated
help system, extended regular expressions, scripting languages (both
native and through alternative scripting interpreters such as Perl, Python,
Ruby, Tcl, etc. . . ) including support for plugins, a graphical user
interface, limited integrated development environment-like features,
mouse interaction (both with and without the GUI), folding, editing of
compressed or archived files in gzip, bzip2, zip, and tar format and files
over network protocols such as SSH, FTP, and HTTP, session state
preservation, spell checking, split (horizontal and vertical) and tabbed
windows, unicode and other multi-language support, syntax highlighting,
trans-session command, search and cursor position histories, multiple
level undo/redo history which can persist across editing sessions, visual
mode, . . .
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Getting started
Starting vim
I vim; or
I vim <filename>; or
I vim [options] <filename>
One useful option is +<n>, which opens the file and immediatelyputs the cursor on line <n>.
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Getting started
Modes
I by default you start in normal modeI go to insert mode from normal mode
type i to start entering text at the cursor
type R to start replacing text at the cursor
type o to open a new line at the cursor
type O to open a new line above the cursor
I hit esc to enter normal mode
10 / 30 Bart Van Loon vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Getting started
Exiting vim
I commands to quit:
: x ←↩ : save and quit
: q ←↩ : just quit
: q ! ←↩ : force quit (without saving!)
I shortcut from normal mode:
Z Z : quit and save only if changes were made
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Moving the cursor
Relative movements:
h : one character left
j : one line down
k : one line up
l : one character right
w : one word forward
b : one word back
Adding a digit multiplies the movement. Try 5 w , 1 2 k ,
2 b , . . .
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Moving the cursor
Absolute movements in the file:
^ or 0 : beginning of the line
$ : end of the line
g g : beginning of the file
G : end of the file
<d> G : line <d>
` . : your last edit
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Moving the cursor
Absolute movements in the screen (visible area):
H : highest line on the screen
M : middle line on the screen
L : lowest line on the screen
ctrl-f : page (screen) forward
ctrl-b : page (screen) backward
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Editing text
Inserting text:
i : insert text at the cursor
a : insert text after the cursor (append)
I : insert text at the beginning of the line
A : insert text at the end of the line
In insert mode, you can use the arrow keys to navigate the cursor,but often going back to normal mode will be much faster.
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Editing text
Deleting text:
x : delete character at the cursor (delete)
X : delete character before the cursor (backspace)
Replacing text:
r <c> : replace the current character with <c>
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Visual mode
For selecting areas of text, there is visual mode:
v : start visual mode
V : start visual line mode
ctrl-v : start visual block mode
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Operators and motions
Example operators:
d : delete
y : yank (copy)
c : change
Example motions1:
$ : to end of line
G : to end of file
e : to end of current word
1remember the part on “moving your cursor”?18 / 30 Bart Van Loon vim – Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor
IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Combining operators and motions
Combining operators and motions generates some really powerfulcommands. Some examples are:
y $ : copy from the cursor until the end of the line
d g g : delete from the cursor until the beginning of the file
Now lets add counts to increase the power:
y 3 k : copy the previous 3 lines
d 5 w : delete the next 5 words
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
More power
Another nice operator:
= : fix indenting
Some other nice motions:
( : to the beginning of the current sentence
) : to the beginning of the next sentence
% : to the matching bracket, parenthesis, braces, . . .
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
Double operators
When entering an operator twice, it operates on the completecurrent line:
d d : delete the current line
y y : copy the current line
. . .
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
IntroductionStarting and quittingThe cursorEditing text
The put command
To paste previously deleted or yanked (copied) text:
p : put (paste) after the cursor
P : put (paste) before the cursor
Some nice usage examples:
x p : swap the current character with the next one
d d p : swap the current line with the next one
5 p : paste 5 times after the cursor
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
Repeating tasks
Undo and redo:
You can think of each command (combined or not) as a task.
. : repeat last task
u : undo last task
ctrl-r : undo last undo (redo)
Typing text is also a task!
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
Macros
A group of tasks can be recorded as a macro:
q <a> : start recording macro with name <a>
q : stop recording current macro
@ <a> : replay macro with name <a>
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
Search
To start:
/ <p> ←↩ : forward search for <p>
? <p> ←↩ : backward search for <p>
Afterwards:
n : repeat previous search
N : repeat previous search in opposite direction
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
Search and replace
Structure of the command:
:As/B/C/D←↩
with:
A : area on which to operate
B : the pattern to search for (regular expression)
C : the new word to replace the found pattern with
D : any flags to fine tune the behaviour
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
Search and replace
Examples areas:
% : the complete file
’<,’> : the selected area
(empty) : the current line
Example flags:
c : confirm each substitution
g : replace all occurrences on one line
i : ignore the case for searching
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
~/.vim*
I your configuration is stored in ~/.vimrc
I system-wide configuration is stored in /etc/vimrc
I your plugins, languages, . . . live in ~/.vim/
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
The set-command
To change your configuration at runtime, use the set-command.Examples:
I :set spell←↩ to enable spell checking
I :set number←↩ show line numbers
I :set syntax=<lang>←↩ to highlight according to <lang>
To unset an option, prepend it with no:
I :set nospell←↩I :set nonumber←↩I . . .
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IntroductionGetting started with vim
TasksSearch and replace
Configuration
References
I the vimtutor-command
I http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi
I http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_(text_editor)
I https://users.cs.jmu.edu/bernstdh/web/common/
help/vim.php
I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SI8TeVMX8pk
I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3ccIf-cfnQ
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