vfd delta l series

VFD – Variable Frequency DriveIntroduction and Operations

Bhuvesh Sharma

Final Year Undergraduate,

Mechatronics Engineering,

ISTC - CSIO

Purpose

To understand VFD

VFDs working

Understanding its various operations

Preparing program for Operations

Controlling VFD with PLC

What is a VFD ?

VFD is acronym for Variable Frequency Drive

Also know as Inverter in industries.

Its is used to :• Used to control the speed of Motor

• Make the system intelligent &

• Saves energy

Specifications of a VFD

We are working on Delta VFD007L21A Its various specifications are written below

Item Number VFD007L21A

Manufacture Delta Products

Nominal Input VAC 240 Volts AC

HP 1

Input Phase 1 or 3

Wattage 0.4 KW

How does VFD works!

A Variable Frequency Drive converts incoming 50 Hz (could be 60 Hz for different countries) utility power into DC, then converts it to a simulated variable voltage, variable frequency output

Speed of Motor directly Proportional to Frequencyrmp = 120f/p

F: FrequencyP: Number of Poles

Figure showing working of VFD

Motor

L1

L2

L3

C

L

Input Converter(Diode Bridge)

Output Inverter(IGBT’s)

DC Bus(Filter)+

_+_

+

_

+

_

+ +

_ _

Simple representation of VFD working

RECTIFIER(AC - DC)

INVERTER(DC - AC)

AC DC AC

VFD

Zero - 120 Hz60 Hz

How to perform various operations on VFD

VFD gives a good control over the working of 3-phase electrical motor.

What, how to set VFD to perform various operations ?

For this, user must have read the manual of VFD.

Then according to the parameters in manual VFD is programed to perform various operations

Important Basic parameters of VFD007L21A

Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting

0-02 Reset 10 0

1-00 Maximum output frequency 50 60

1-01 Maximum setting frequency 50 60

1-09 Acceleration time 1 (Taecel 1) As per requirement 10

1-10 deceleration time 1 (Tdecel 1)

As per requirement 10

1-13 Jog Accel Time As per requirement 10

1-14 Jog Decel Time As per requirement 10

1-15 Jog Frequency As per requirement 6

Important Operation Method Parameters of VFD007L21A

Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting

2-00 Source of Frequency 0-4 0

2-01 Source of Operation 0-4 0

2-04 Reverse Operation Inhibit

0-3 0

Important Input Function Parameters of VFD007L21A

Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting

4-00 Potentiometer Bias Frequency

0.0-350 Hz 0

4-01 Potentiometer Bias Polarity

0-1 0

4-02 Potentiometer Frequency Gain

1-200 1

4-03 Direction setting for negative bias

0-2 0

Important Multi-step Speed Parameters of VFD007L21A

Parameter Functioning Value to be set Factory setting

5-00 1 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0

5-01 2nd Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0

5-02 3rd Step Speed Frequency 0.0-400 0

5-03 PLC Mode 0-4 0

5-05 Time Duration Step 0 0-65500 sec 0

5-06 Time Duration Step 1 0-65500 sec 0

5-07 Time Duration Step 2 0-65500 sec 0

5-08 Time Duration Step 3 0-65500 sec 0

Exercises

Sr. No. Description

1 Start a 3-phase motor with VFD.

2 Change acceleration and deceleration time.

3.1 Change source of Frequency-Potentiometer (0 to 50Hz)

3.2 Change source of Frequency-Potentiometer (-50 to50Hz)

4 4. 2 WIRE SYSTEM

5 3 WIRE SYSTEM

6 Multi-step Speed (Manually)

7 Multi-step Speed (Timer)

8 VFD interfacing with PLC

9 Project

1. Start a 3-phase motor with VFD.

for this , add parameters given below in VFD:

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency

50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

2. Change acceleration and deceleration time.

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time Set as per requirement

1-10 Dec time Set as per requirement

3. Change source of Frequency.

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time As per requirement

1-10 Dec time As per requirement

2-00 Source of frequency 0 digital keypad1 External

potentiometer 3 VR on drive

Preparing H/W for exercise

Arranging pot between a range of frequency

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time As per requirement

1-10 Dec time As per requirement

2-00 Source of frequency External potentiometer

4-00 Potentiometer Bias Frequency 0 -50

4-01 Potentiometer Bias Polarity 0 for positive

4-02 Potentiometer Frequency Gain

Adjust according to requirement

3.1 Varying frequency from 0 to 50 Hz

3.2 Varying frequency from (-60) to 60 Hz

*Note : change 4-01 to 1 for negative biasing change 2-04 to negative to enable reverse direction

4. 2 WIRE SYSTEM

Two wire system is used to access external terminal

Figure: shows h/w implementation of 2 wire system

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time As per requirement

1-10 Dec time As per requirement

2-01 Source of operation 1 Controlled by the external terminals, keypad

STOPenabled.

4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal 2 M0: RUN / STOPM1: FWD / REV

Parameters to be set for 2 WIRE SYSTEM

5. 3 WIRE SYSTEM

Three wire system is used to access external terminal

Figure :Shows h/w implementation of 3 WIRE SYSTEM

Parameters to be set for 3 WIRE SYSTEM

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time As per requirement

1-10 Dec time As per requirement

2-01 Source of operation 1 Controlled by the external terminals, keypad

STOPenabled.

4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal 3 3 -Wire Operation

Control mode(M0,M1,M2)

Multi-step Speed Operations

It is a very important VFD operation , in which we can control VFD speed in steps .

There are two methods of doing this operation

1. manually ( by switches)

2. Automatic (by timer)

6. Multi-step Speed (Manually)

Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time As per requirement

1-10 Dec time As per requirement

2-01 Source of Operation 1

4-04 Multi-function Input Terminal (M1)

2 2 wire system

4-05 Multi-function Input Terminal (M2 7 Multi-Step Speed Command 1

4-06 Multi-function Input Terminal (M3 8 Multi-Step Speed Command 2

5-00 1 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz

5-01 2 st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz

H/W implementation of above exercise

M0 M1 M2 M3 GND

Run/Stop Forward/ Reverse

Speed 1 Speed 2

7. Multi-step Speed (Timer)Parameter Function value

0-02 Reset 10

1-00 Max. operational frequency 50

1-01 Max. setting frequency 50

1-09 Acc time As per requirement

1-10 Dec time As per requirement

2-01 Source of Operation 0

4-06 Multi-function Input Terminal (M3)

16 Run PLC Program

5-00 1st Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz

5-01 2nd Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz

5-02 3rd Step Speed Frequency 0.0 to d 400 Hz

5-03 PLC Mode 2 Continuously execute program cycles

5-05 Time Duration Step 0 0 to d 65500 sec

5-06 Time Duration Step 1 0 to d 65500 sec

5-07 Time Duration Step 2 0 to d 65500 sec

5-08 Time Duration Step 3 0 to d 65500 sec

PLC Mode 2 Continuously execute program cycles

One important parameter 5-04

This parameter controls the direction of motion for the Multi-Step Speed Pr.5-00 to Pr.5-02 and the Master Frequency. The original direction of Master Frequency will become invalid.

The equivalent 4-bit number is used to program the forward/reverse motion for each of the 4 speed steps (including Master Frequency). The binary notation for the 4-bit number must be translated into decimal notation and then be entered.

Figure : Shows ,how to use 5-04 Pr.

8. Interfacing VFD with Delta PLC

M0 M1 M2 M3 GND

IN OUT

COMCOM

IN 0

IN 1

IN 2

IN 3

OUT 0

OUT 1

OUT 2

OUT 3

PLC VFD input terminals GND should be of VFD

Project (PLC & VFD)

Problem Statement : Start a Conveyer with VFD . When limit switch 1 or limit switch 2 is pressed the conveyer should change its direction . And when sensor sense any object , speed of conveyer should decrease .

Values : Normal frequency 30 Hz

Second frequency 10 Hz

Design

Limit switches

Inductive Proximity Sensor

Object

Conveyer

References

http://www.delta.com.tw/product/em/.../manual/VFD-L_M_EN_20020531.pdf

http://www.slideshare.net/geterrdone/variable-frequency-drives

Thank You