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Vaginal or Cesarean Birth:What Is at Stake for Women and Babies?

A Best Evidence Review

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Contributors

About Childbirth Connection

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary   4

Introduction and Background   12

Methods   13

Results   15

  1. 

15

  2.  

20

  3.  

22

  4.   23

  5.   25

  6.   26

  7.  28

  8.  32

  9. 

35

10.   38

Discussion   40

References   48

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Executive Summary

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Table 1:

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What physical effects may occur in women more frequently with

cesarean delivery?

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What physical effects may occur in babies more frequently withcesarean delivery?

What role may cesarean delivery play in the development of

childhood chronic disease?

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What complications are unique to cesarean delivery?

What complications are unique to vaginal birth?

What are potential psychosocial consequences of cesareans?

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What are potential effects of cesareans on women in futurepregnancies and births?

What are potential effects of a scarred uterus on future babies?

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Does cesarean delivery protect against sexual, bowel, urinary, orpelvic floor dysfunction?

Does cesarean delivery protect against injuries to babies?

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References

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Introduction and Background

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Methods

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Table 1:

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Results1. What physical effects occur in womenmore frequently with cesarean delivery?

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2. What physical effects occur in babiesmore frequently with cesarean delivery?

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3. What role may cesarean delivery play in thedevelopment of childhood chronic disease?

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4. What complications are uniqueto cesarean delivery?

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5. What complications are unique to vaginal birth?

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6. What are potential psychosocialconsequences of cesareans?

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7. What are potential effects of cesareans onwomen in future pregnancies and births?

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8. What are potential effects ofa scarred uterus on future babies?

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9. Does cesarean delivery protect against sexual,bowel, urinary, or pelvic floor dysfunction?

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10. Does cesarean delivery protectagainst injuries to babies?

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Discussion

Table 2:  

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Table 2 cont’d 

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Table 2 cont’d 

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Strengths and Limitations

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Priorities for Future Research

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Recommended Additional Resources

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References

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