using hand tools 2.ppt
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Objectives 1. Discuss how to select hand tools. 2. Identify and explain how to use layout
tools.
3. Identify and explain how to use cutting,shaping, and boring tools. 4. Identify and explain how to use holding
and turning tools.
5. Identify and explain how to use drivingand wrecking tools.
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Objective 2 What tools are needed to measure and mark materials inlayout? A layout tool is a tool used to measure or mark wood, metal,
and other materials. Rulers can be one foot, yardsticks, and meter sticks. Wooden folding rules are generally 6 foot long and their
rigidness makes them useful in making vertical measurements. Locking tape measurescome in lengths ranging from 6 foot to
30 foot, a width of to 1 inch, they lock open, and use a springto retract the tape with the push of a button.
100 ft wind up tape is useful in building layout work where
distances over 30 ft must be measured Standard English measurement units of inches, feet and yards
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Objective 2 cont. Marking tools Carpenters pencil is flat-sided, more durable, and is shaped
with a utility knife. Keel or carpenters crayon is similar to a grease pencil and may
show up better in some types of work than a pencil
Marking gauge uses a ruler with a wooden clamping block and amarking pin to mark lines parallel to the edges of material
Chalk line is a 50 to 100 foot string wound inside a box filledwith powered chalk dust
Scratch awl is a pointed metal tool with a handle used to markmetal
Center punch is a punch ground to a 60 degree angle point andis used to mark a metal location prior to drilling
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Objective 2 cont. Squares-a tool used to mark square straight lines forcutting, laying out angles, etc Framing square has a blade which is 24 inches long and 2 inches
wide and a tongue that is 16 inches long and 1 inches wide Try square is a rigid square like the framing square only
smaller, commonly 8 inches long Sliding T-bevel is adjustable so that it can be set at any angle
from 0 to 180 degrees Speed square is a small triangular square that can be used to
mark both square and angled cuts Combination square can be used as a straightedge, a marking
gauge, a depth gauge, a 90 degree square, a 45 degree anglemarker or a level
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Objective 2 cont. Level is used to determine whether a surface isflat (perfectly horizontal) or plumb (perfectlyvertical) Spirit level include the 9 in, 18 in, 24 in, and 48 in Digital level is a battery operated electronic level that
beeps when it is perfectly level or plumb Line level is a small level attached to a line to guide work
such as laying concrete blocks Plumb bob is a pointed weight attached to a string used
to determine a plumb or vertical line or to find a pointdirectly beneath an overhead point
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Objective 3 What tools are needed to cut, shape, and bore? Crosscut saw is used to cut across the grain of wood. Ripsaw is used for sawing with the grain Keyhole or compass saw is a 12 to 14 inch long narrow
saw that starts at about inch wide at the handle andtapering to a point at the end of the blade
Coping saw is a small saw with a very thin blade of fineteeth generally used in a miter box to cut molding andtrim
Backsaw is a finish carpentry saw with fine teethgenerally used in a miter box to cut molding and trim
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Objective 3 cont Shaping tools A plane is a tool used to smooth surfaces and change the size
or shape of wood materials Jack plane is usually 14 inches long and used for smoothing long
surfaces by shaving with the grain of the wood
Block plane is usually 6-6 inches long and is used forsmoothing the ends of boards by cutting across the grain Wood chisel is a wedge-shaped cutting tool used to cut notches
and shaving off excess wood Wood rasp (wood file) is used for smoothing rough work and
for removing small amounts of wood on curved and irregularshaped objects
Rasplane is a wood rasp in the shape of a plane
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Objective 3 Boring tools Hand drill is a device with gears that drive its
bit much faster than the handle turns
Push drill is also called an automatic drill Brace is the device for holding and turning an
auger bit
Auger bit has a square tang to fit into thebrace
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Objective 4 What hand tools are used for holding and turning? C-clamp-shaped like letter C and comes in sizes
from 2 to 10 inches
Bar clamp-ranges from inches to six ft. Hand screw clamps-requires 2 hands for
tightening and can span up to 10 inches Spring clamps-tighten by squeezing the handle
Strap clamp-may be ratchet tightened
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Obj. 4 Cont. Combination pliers-have 2 sizes and areused to hold materials, turn bolts, and cutwire
Needle nose-used to retrieve items, placeitems in tight quarters and twist wire Diagonal side cutting pliers-are used to cut
wire
Locking pliers-called vise grips areadjustable and can be locked on a nut, boltor pipe
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Obj. 4 cont Adjustable jaw wrenches-cresent wrenches are sized bythe length of the handle and be adjusted to fit various
sizes Fixed jaw wrenches-box end, open end, or combo of both Box-end wrenches-come as either 6 or 12 point and are used
when the nut is very tight
Open-end wrenches-faster to use when loosening nuts andare generally offset to a 15 degree angle Combination wrench-gives the advantage of both designs Socket sets-6 or 12 pointscontains ratchet and breaker
bar Allen wrenches-hex shaped and used to turn set screws
Pipe wrenches-adjustable, come is several sizes and areused with pipe and large nuts
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Objective 5 What hand tools are used for driving andwrecking?
Curved claw hammer-curve made to remove bentnails
Straight claw hammer-used to rip boards Wooden mallets-used with wood chisels with a
metal shank Rubber mallets-useful when there is a concern of
damaging the material that is being driven Sledge hammer-used for driving stakes, wrecking
materials, and etc
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References
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