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US History1865-1895
By: Bryten PharesCoach Buck 1st
03-17-2013
1863
Homesteader: Settlers that
settled on the free land
created by the
Homestead Act in 1862.
Sand Creek Massacre:
On November 29, 1864 Colonel John Chivington and his troops descended on the Cheyenne and Arapaho at
Sand Creek. They killed over 150 inhabitants.
1862
Homestead Act: Congress
passed this act, offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen or
intended citizen who was head
of the household.
1864 1864
Credit Mobilier:A construction company that
made a contract to lay track at two to three times the
actual cost and pocketed the
profits.
1865
1866
1867
1867
Soddy: A sod home, like a
dugout, that was warm in the winter and cool in the summer. Soddys
were small and had little light or air.
Snakes, insects, and other pests were
attracted to these fire-resistant homes. These
homes were built mainly by
Homesteaders.
Oliver Kelley: He started the
patrons of husbandry, an
organization for farmers that
became popularly known as the
Grange.
Grange: An organization for
farmers that’s original purpose was to provide a
social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families. However, by the 1870s
the organization centered more towards fighting the
railroads. (The grange gave rise to the farmers’
alliances).
Great Plains: Grasslands
extending through the west central
portion of the United States of North America. The
cowboys, Native Americans and
farmers fought over this region during
1865
1868
1870
Tweed Ring:A group of
corrupt Democratic
politicians that defrauded New
York City.
Monopoly: Complete control over an industries production, wages
and prices.
Greenbacks: A term used for
the United States paper dollar. In the mid 1800’s it
was a negative term because the dollar had
no secure financial backing 1869
Frederick Law Olmsted:
He planned landscaping for Washington D.C. and St. Louis. He
also drew the initial designs for the
Emerald Necklace; Boston’s parks
system.
1870
1870
1870
1871
1871
Poll Tax:An annual tax that one must
pay before qualifying to
vote.
Grandfather Clause:
This Clause stated that if a man failed the literacy test or
could not afford the poll tax, he
could still vote if he, his father, or his grandfather
had been eligible to vote before
January 1, 1867.
Segregation:Laws that
separated White and Black
people in public and private facilities.
Jim Crow Laws:Laws that became popular because of an old minstrel song that ended with “Jump, Jim Crow”. Racial
Segregation was put into effect in
the South.
1873
1873
Wild Bill Hickok: He was a scout and a spy during the civil war and
he later served as a Marshall in
Abalene, Kansas. He was in a
traveling show in 1873 that later
became known as Buffalo Bill’s Wild
west.
Kickbacks:Illegal
payments politicians
would ask for because of the services they rendered to businesses.
Tammany Hall:A New York City
political organization. Boss Tweed
became head of this corrupt
organization.
1871
1872
Trust: A term used
when participants turned their stock over to a group of
trustees.
Patronage:A term used when
someone was given a
government job if they had helped a
candidate get elected.
Also known as the spoils system
during the Andrew Jackson
Administration.
1876
1874Andrew
Carnegie:Scottish
industrial mogul to make his own fortune. In 1873 he entered the steel business after touring a
British steel mill and seeing the
Bessemer process in
action.
1873
Alexander Graham Bell:Unveiled the
telephone which opened the way for a
worldwide communications network. He
unveiled it with Thomas Watson.
1876
1876
1876
1876
Thomas Alva Edison:
Established the world’s first
research laboratory in
Menlo Park, New Jersey. Here is
where he perfected the incandescent
light bulb.
Telephone:The invention of the telephone
created new jobs for women and
changed the office workplace. Next to the light bulb, it was the most dramatic
invention.1876
1877
1880
1880National Farmer’s
Alliance: Established on
March 21, 1877 by Grange members of New York state. This organization sought to organize to fight the railroads, tax system, and the
legalization of The Grange-Sponsored
Insurance Companies.
Ellis Island: A port in the New
York Harbor. Immigration stations were
located here. In 1880 congress made laws that
measured immigrants
during inspection.
Bessemer process:By 1880, American
manufacturers were using the
Bessemer process to produce more
than 90 percent of the nation’s steel.
This process injected air into molten iron to
remove the carbon and other impurities.
Nez Perce: Tribe of Native Americans who
fought an armed war with the US
government because they were being pushed off
land that was rightfully theirs.
1877
Assimilation:Under this plan
Native Americans became part of
the white culture. They gave up
their beliefs and way of life.
1881
Booker T. Washington:
An African American educator who was born enslaved, but
later graduated from Virginia’s
Hampton Institute. He also headed the Tuskagee University
in Alabama.
1881
Melting Pot:A term used to describe the
mixture of people of different
cultures and races. They were
supposed to blend together
by giving up their native languages
and customs.
1882
Civil Service:Term used to describe the Government
Administration. Jobs were created so that the most qualified person would be hired.
Idea was to eliminate
patronage.1882
1885
1885
Political Machine: A cities political
party was controlled by this organized group. In exchange for financial support it offered services
to voters and businesses.
Graft:The illegal use of political influence for personal gain became popular after a political
machine had their candidates in
office.
1886
Samuel Gompers: He lead the Cigar
Makers’ International Union to join with other
craft unions in 1886. He was a
major part of the labor movement and focused on
collective bargaining.
Collective Bargaining: The
negotiation between
representatives of labor and
management, to reach written
agreements on wages, hours and
working conditions.
1886
1887
1889
Dawes Act: This act aimed to
“Americanize” the Native Americans.
It broke up the reservations and gave
some of the reservation land to individual Native Americans; 160 acres to
each head of the household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult.
Jane Addams: In 1889 Jane
Addams founded Chicago’s Hull
House with Ellen Gates Starr. She later became a co-winner of the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
George Eastman:He sold his first Kodak camera
that used roll-film. This film replaced
heavy glass plates.
1888
1886
Mail Order Catalog:Richard Sears
started his company in 1886.
The original Ward’s Catalog from 1872 grew from a single sheet the first year
to a booklet.
1890
1890
1890
1892
Urbanization:A rapid growth of
cities. These cities were located mostly in the Northeast and Midwest. The technological
boom contributed to the growing
industrial strength that led to
urbanization.
Battle of Wounded Knee: December 28, 1890, the 7th Calvary
rounded up about 350 starving and freezing
Sioux and took them to a camp near Wounded Knee Creek, SD. The
next day soldiers opened fire and killed about 300 Sioux. This ended the Indian Wars
Era.
Sherman Antitrust Act:
Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other
countries.
Angel Island:Located in San
Francisco Bay on the West Coast. Asians immigrants entered the United States
through Angel Island. Immigrants endured
harsh questioning and long detentions in
places that had poor conditions.
1892
Scabs:Strikebreakers
that were hired to keep a plant
operating. Henry Clay Frick hired a lot of Scabs for
his factories over the years.
Ida B. Wells:She was born
into slavery, but became editor of
a local paper. Her theme of racial justice
became a crusade which
led to her being lynched.
1892
Settlement Houses:
Community centers that
provided assistance mostly to
immigrants that lived in slum
neighborhoods.
1893
Gilded Age:A satirical novel written by Mark
Twain and Charles Dudley Warner. It
represents the time between the 1870s
and the 1890s. Twain exposes the
greed and self indulgence of his
characters.1894
1895
1894
1894
William Randolph Hearst:
He purchased the New York
Morning Journal because he
wanted to outdo Joseph Pulitzer
by printing personal
scandals, cruelty and articles
about hypnotism.
Pullman Strike:Began because
George M Pullman cut his
employees’ pay and refused to lower rent. This was a violent
strike.
Eugene V Debs:He attempted to
form the American Railway
Union. He felt unions should include skilled and unskilled
workers.
W.E.B Du Bois:He was the first
African American to receive a
Harvard doctorate. He
strongly disagreed with Washington’s
approach.
1895
1895
1896
1896
Jacob Riis:Police reporter, journalist and photographer
who documented the working and living conditions of the poor. He
was a Danish/American social reformer.
William Jennings Bryan: Delivered
the “Cross of Gold” speech on
July 8, 1896. Bryan won the
democratic nomination.
Cross of Gold Speech:
Advocated bimetallism. The democratic party wanted to change the value of the dollar to silver. This would help farmers pay off
their debts easier.
Plessy Vs. Ferguson:
The Supreme Court ruled that the separation of
races in public places did not
violate the fourth amendment.
1896
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