urban environmental degradation
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GEO 3201 - Spatial Issues in the Caribbean and Latin America
Topic: Urban
Environmental Degradation
Group Members
Rovindra Persaud Carlesa Duncan Mohindra Scarce Audwin Anthony Kester Daniels
Definition of Terms Urban area- is the region
surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban areas have non-agricultural jobs. Urban areas are very developed, meaning there is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. "Urban area" can refer to towns, cities, and suburbs. An urban area includes the city itself, as well as the surrounding areas. (National Geographic, 2013)
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable (Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.)
Urban Environmental Degradation
The destruction and deterioration of the environment in urban areas as a result of urbanization and urban practices.
Image : https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTVYbErcU4E1raYtxGIKnf9Pj_dLZgMGncLfwzW2o5XC-jCK6Db
Causes of Urban Environmental Degradation Poverty (Slum and Squatter Settlements) in
places like Nigeria and India Pollution (Biological, air, chemical, land ) Overpopulation and Congestion (China) Lack of Education Industrialization ( Brazil)Image: http://www.hollingscenter.org/great-games-local-rules/http://www.hollingscenter.org/great-games-local
Problems
Source: http://cdn.phys.org/newman/gfx/news/hires/2015/urbanairpoll.jpg
Effects of Urban Environmental Degradation
Death and Diseases Loss of Biodiversity Aesthetic Displeasure Ozone Layer Depletion and Contribution to
Global Warming Loss of Tourism Economic Strain Source: (Mohapi, 2009)
Diagrams showing the effects of urban activity and a table showing death by pollution related illness . Image : https://www.unep.gov/sites/default/files/.../1861/RDCSCentralAsia.pdf
Remedies for Urban Environmental Degradation
Green Restoration Projects e.g. urban forestry and urban agriculture in Qatar and Canada
Smart and green city planning
De- Urbanization (Through Agricultural and Land Reforms) brail Venezuela and Columbia
Poverty Alleviation Education Images : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Conclusion Looking at the effects of urbanization on urban
communities, urban deterioration and degradation is no guaranteed but larger spaces will be more difficult to manage . The creation of squatter settlements and slums as well as increases in the levels of poverty contribute to urban environmental degradation immensely.
It can also negatively affect the economy of the country especially those categorized as developing , however there are various methods that can be utilized to mitigate and rectify these issues, such better urban planning and de-urbanization among others.
Urban Environmental Degradation is directly linked to the issues of urbanization and urban sprawl, however these negatives can be transformed into positives to boost and aid the countries economic status.
References
http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/urban-area/
Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.
Mohapi,T.2009, Urban environmental problems: implication in Lesotho, Instittute of Southern African Studies, Human settlement and development, Vol4, 3-9
http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-and-effects-of-environmental-degradation.php
http://www.unep.org/geo/geo1/ch/ch2_9.htm http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=
7C4CF0BFDA26F40A78F9D22A65162142.journals?fromPage=online&aid=5926764
http://web.mit.edu/urbanupgrading/urbanenvironment/issues/key-UE-issues.html
http://www.grida.no/publications/et/ep2/page/2483.aspx
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