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Boynton Health Service
Boynton Health Service
2010 College Student Health Survey Report
Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversity of Minnesota–Duluth Students
2010 College Student Health Survey Report
Introduction iii
Survey v
Methodology v
AnalysisSummary vi
Results 1
HealthInsuranceandHealthCareUtilization 1
MentalHealth 7
TobaccoUse 13
AlcoholUseandOtherDrugUse 19
PersonalSafetyandFinancialHealth 27
NutritionandPhysicalActivity 33
SexualHealth 39
Implications 43
Appendices 45
Appendix1CollegesandUniversitiesParticipatinginthe2010CollegeStudentHealthSurvey 45
Appendix2UniversityofMinnesota–DuluthSurveyDemographicsBasedonStudentResponse 46
Glossary 47
References 49
Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
ii Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
iiiIntroduction
Introduction
•HealthInsuranceStatus
•Depression
•AbilitytoManageStress
•TobaccoUse
•AlcoholUse
•EngagementinPhysicalActivity
•CreditCardDebt
Whatdothefollowinghealthconditionsandhealth-relatedbehaviorshaveincommon?
Q:
Theyallaffectthehealthandacademicachievementofcollegestudents.
A:
AcrossthestateofMinnesota,seventeentwo-yearandfour-yearpostsecondaryschoolsjoinedtogether
withBoyntonHealthServiceattheUniversityofMinnesotainspring2010tocollectinformationfrom
34,097undergraduateandgraduatestudentsabouttheirexperiencesandbehaviorsintheareasofhealth
insuranceandhealthcareutilization,mentalhealth,tobaccouse,alcoholandotherdruguse,personal
safetyandfinancialhealth,nutritionandphysicalactivity,andsexualhealth.Ofthe34,097studentswho
receivedasurvey,13,700studentscompletedthesurvey,foranoverallresponserateof40.2%.
Thisreporthighlightsthefindingsofthiscomprehensivesurveyandservesasanessentialfirststepin
identifyinghealthandhealth-relatedbehaviorissuesaffectingcollegestudents.BoyntonHealthService
hopesthattheinformationcontainedinthisreportwillbehelpfultocollegeanduniversityleadersas
theystrivetodevelopprogramsandpoliciesthatwillassureasafeinstitutionalenvironment,promote
accesstohealthcareandessentialservices,encourageresponsiblestudentdecisionmakingandbehavior,
andcontributetothehealth,well-being,andacademicsuccessofstudentsenrolledintheirschools.
Thesurveyresultsarealsointendedtoraiseawarenessamongstateandlocalpolicymakersand
communityleadersconcerningtheimportanceofthehealthofcollegestudentstotheoverall
educational,health,andeconomicstatusofMinnesota.
iv Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
vSurvey
Survey
MethodologyOver13,000undergraduateandgraduatestudentsenrolledinseventeenpostsecondaryinstitutionsinMinnesotacompleted
the2010CollegeStudentHealthSurvey,developedbyBoyntonHealthService.Asanincentive,allstudentswhorespondedto
thesurveywereenteredintoadrawingforgiftcertificatesvaluedat$3,000(one),$1,000(one),and$500(one)atavarietyof
storesanddrawingsforeleveniPodtouches™.
Randomlyselectedstudentswerecontactedthroughmultiplemailingsande-mails:
• Invitationpostcard
• Invitatione-mail
• Reminderpostcardandmultipleremindere-mails
Atotalof34,097undergraduateandgraduatestudentsfromseventeen
collegesanduniversitiesinMinnesotawereinvitedtoparticipatein
the2010CollegeStudentHealthSurvey(seeAppendix1foralistof
participatingschools).
Inadditiontothe34,097randomlyselectedstudents,anoversampleof
2,180studentswhoattendedoneoftheseseventeenMinnesotaschools
andwereidentifiedasveteransoftheUnitedStatesArmedForces
werealsoinvitedtoparticipateinthesurvey.Thesurveyresultsforthe
oversampleofveteranswillbetreatedasaseparatereport.
2010CollegeStudentHealthSurveyPostcard
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Fill out an online survey from
University of Minnesota–Duluth
for a chance to win gift cards and an iPod touchTM!
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NONPROFIT ORG.U.S. POSTAGE
PAIDMPLS., MN
PERMIT NO. 155
YOU have been selected by University of Minnesota–Duluth to participate
in the 2010 College Student Health Survey.
UP-
6000
-011
0
To learn more or to begin, go to www.bhs.umn.edu/healthsurvey
and enter the username and password you see on the right-hand side
of this card. Upon entering, you will be asked to change your password.
Survey must be completed by noon, March 9, 2010.
Questions? Katherine Lust, Ph.D., Survey AdministratorBoynton Health Serviceklust@bhs.umn.edu, (612) 624-6214
of this card. Upon entering, you will be asked to change your password.
of this card. Upon entering, you will be asked to change your password. Do Good. Win BIG!
Boynton Health ServiceUniversity of Minnesota410 Church Street S.E.Minneapolis, MN 55455
2010 College Student Health Survey
Just for completing the survey, you will be entered into a grand prize drawing. Three lucky students will win gift cards–$3,000, $1,000, and $500–to any combination of the following stores: Target, Best Buy, Macy’s, Home Depot, IKEA, The Apple Store, Tiffany & Co., Sports Authority, Scheel’s, and Cabela’s.
Plus, every week, students who completed the survey will have a chance to win an iPod touch™! The sooner you fill out your survey, the more chances you have to win!
CHA-CHING!
Your odds are
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$February 163 students will win an iPod touch™!
February 232 students will win an iPod touch™!
March 21 student will win an iPod touch™!
March 93 students will win grand prizes!
•2,842 studentsfromtheUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthwererandomly
selectedtoparticipateinthissurvey.
•1,198completedthesurvey.
•42.2%ofthestudentsresponded.
University of Minnesota–DuluthMethodology Highlights
Theinformationpresentedinthisreportdocumentstheprevalenceofvariousdiseases,health
conditions,andhealth-relatedbehaviorsacrosssevenareas:
•HealthInsuranceandHealthCareUtilization
•MentalHealth
•TobaccoUse
•AlcoholandOtherDrugUse
•PersonalSafetyandFinancialHealth
•NutritionandPhysicalActivity
•SexualHealth
Theprevalenceofadisease,healthcondition,orhealth-relatedbehaviorisdefinedasthetotalnumber
ofoccurrencesinapopulation(inthiscase,collegestudents)atagiventime,orthetotalnumberof
occurrencesinthepopulationdividedbythenumberofindividualsinthatpopulation.
Prevalenceisusefulbecauseitisameasureofthecommonalityofadisease,healthcondition,or
health-relatedbehavior.Forexample,theCollegeStudentHealthSurveyaskedstudentsiftheyhadever
beendiagnosedwithdepressionwithintheirlifetime.Forthepurposeofillustration,if100students
completedthesurveyand10ofthemreportedtheyhadbeendiagnosedwithdepressionwithin
theirlifetime,thenthelifetimeprevalenceofdepressionamongthispopulationofstudentsis10.0%
(10/100).
Theresultsfromthissurveyarebasedonarandomsampleofstudentsfromeachoftheparticipating
collegesanduniversities.Randomsamplingisatechniqueinwhichagroupofsubjects(inthiscase,
thesampleofcollegestudents)isselectedforstudyfromalargergroup(inthiscase,thepopulationof
studentsenrolledateachoftheparticipatinginstitutions).
Eachindividualischosenentirelybychance,andeachmemberofthepopulationhasanequalchance
ofbeingincludedinthesample.Randomsamplingensuresthatthesamplechosenisrepresentativeof
thepopulationandthatthestatisticalconclusions(inthiscase,theprevalence)willbevalid.
Survey
AnalysisSummary
vi Health and Health-Related Behaviors University of Minnesota–Duluth Students
1
HealthInsuranceandHealthCareUtilization
Results
Students’currenthealthinfluencestheirabilitytorealizetheirimmediategoalofachievingacademic
successandgraduating,andtheirfuturehealthaffectstheirabilitytoaccomplishtheirlongertermgoal
offindingandsustainingacareer.Accesstohealthcarehasbeenshowntoimprovehealth.Although
institutionsofhighereducationdifferinscopeofservices,eachinstitutionhasauniqueopportunityand
bearsacertainresponsibilitytoaddressissuesrelatedtostudenthealthandtoreducebarrierstohealth
careaccess.
National Comparison
Thissectionexaminestheareasofhealthinsurance,healthservicesutilization,andpreventivecare.
RecentresearchindicatesthatmostyoungadultsintheUnitedStates,ages18to24,reportgood
health.ThemajorityofyoungadultsinMinnesota(92.5%)andnationwide(92.2%)reportexcellent,
verygood,orgoodhealth.1Atthesametime,youngadultshaverelativelylowratesofhealthinsurance
andpreventivecareutilization.Amongindividualsunderage65,18-to24-year-oldsreportthelowest
rateofhealthinsurancecoverage:inMinnesota80.9%reportsomekindofhealthcareinsurance,and
nationwidethenumberis70.3%.1,2Moreyoungmales(33.9%)thanyoungfemales(25.4%)lackhealth
insurancecoverage.2Amongallagegroups,youngadults(69.8%)areleastlikelytoidentifyausualplace
formedicalcare.2
HealthInsuranceandH
ealthCareUtilization
Results
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Manyhealthinsuranceplansallowdependents
undertheageof25toremaincoveredbytheir
parents’insurancewhileattendingapostsecondary
institution.Therefore,studentswhoattend
postsecondaryinstitutionstendtohavehigherrates
ofhealthinsurancecoveragethanthosewhodonot.
StudentsattendingtheUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluth(UMD)reportanoveralluninsuredrateof
3.6%.Maleshaveaslightlyhigheruninsuredrate
comparedtofemales(4.0%vs.3.3%,respectively).
Hea
lthIn
surancean
dHea
lthCareUtilizati
onRe
sult
s
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80Pe
rcen
t
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
2 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentsages30-
39reportthehighestuninsuredrate.Thelowest
uninsuredrateisamongUMDstudentsages18-19.
Thisratemaybeareflectionofparentalhealth
insurancecoveragefor18-and19-year-oldstudents.
Approximatelyoneineight(12.5%)studentswho
attendtheUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthreport
havingaspouse,and20.0%ofthesestudents
reportthattheirspouseisuninsured.
Lessthanoneintwenty(4.0%)UMDstudents
reporthavingdependentchildren.Ofthese
dependentchildren,4.3%lackhealthinsurance.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Numberofsickdaysisameasureofhealth-related
qualityoflife.Sickdaysreflectapersonalsense
ofpoororimpairedphysicalormentalhealthor
theinabilitytoreacttofactorsinthephysicaland
socialenvironments.3
BothUMDstudentswithhealthinsuranceand
studentswithouthealthinsurancereporton
average2.6sickdaysinthepast30days.
HealthInsuranceandH
ealthCareUtilization
Resu
lts
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
3Results
UMDstudentswithhealthinsurancereporta
higherrateofdiagnosedchronicconditionsanda
similarrateofdiagnosedmentalhealthconditions
comparedtoUMDstudentswithouthealth
insurance.
FemalestudentsattendingtheUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthreportobtainingroutine
medicalexams,cholesterolchecks,andblood
pressurechecksathigherratesthanmalestudents
attendingtheuniversity.FemaleandmaleUMD
studentsreportobtainingdentalexamsand
cleaningsatsimilarrates.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Healthinsurancecoverageappearstohavean
impactonwhetherUMDstudentsobtainedroutine
medicalexaminationswithinthepast12months.
Uninsuredfemalestudentsreportalowerrate
ofobtainingaroutinemedicalexaminationthan
insuredfemales.However,uninsuredmalestudents
reportahigherrateofobtainingaroutinemedical
examinationthaninsuredmales.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
AmongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents,
theprimarylocationsforobtainingmanyhealth
careservicesappeartobeacommunityclinic.
Itshouldbenotedthatofstudentswhoreport
receivingmentalhealthservices,26.7%usedtheir
school’sstudentcounselingserviceand22.0%used
theirschool’shealthservice.
Hea
lthIn
surancean
dHea
lthCareUtilizati
onRe
sult
s
4 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
UMDstudentswithhealthinsuranceobtain
hepatitisA,hepatitisB,meningitis,andH1N1
influenzavaccinationsathigherratesthanstudents
attheuniversitywithouthealthinsurance.
Currentlytheseimmunizationsarenotrequired
forstudentsenrolledinpostsecondaryinstitutions.
HepatitisBimmunization,however,isrequiredfor
highschoolstudentsinMinnesota.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.7
65.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
ComparedtomalerespondentsattheUniversity
ofMinnesota–Duluth,femalerespondentsatthe
universityreportmoredaysofpoorphysicalhealth,
moredaysofpoormentalhealth,andmoredays
whenpoorphysicaland/ormentalhealthaffected
dailyactivities.
5Results
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentswere
askedtoreportiftheyhavebeendiagnosedwith
selectedacuteillnesseswithinthepast12months
andwithintheirlifetime.
Theacuteconditiondiagnosedmostfrequently
withinstudents’lifetimeswasstrepthroat,with
55.9%ofUMDstudentsreportinghavingthis
diagnosis.Theacuteconditiondiagnosedmost
frequentlywithinthepast12monthswasurinary
tractinfection,with9.7%ofUMDstudents
reportinghavingthisdiagnosis.Overall,63.2%of
studentsreportbeingdiagnosedwithatleastone
acuteconditionwithintheirlifetime,and18.0%
reportbeingdiagnosedwithatleastoneacute
conditionwithinthepast12months.
HealthInsuranceandH
ealthCareUtilization
Results
Diagnosed With Chronic Condition
Diagnosed WithMental Health Condition
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance Status–UninsuredAll Students by Age Group
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Aver
age
Num
ber
of S
ick
Day
s
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days–Past 30 Days All Students
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Health Insurance and Health StatusAll Students
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Preventive Health Care–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Insured Uninsured
Routine Medical Examination–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender and Insurance Status
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Vaccination StatusAll Students by Insurance Status
All Students Insured Uninsured
Poor Physical Health
Poor Mental Health
Poor Physical and/orMental Health Affected Daily Activities
2.9
3.9
2.3
3.8
6.2
2.9
Illness
2.2
0.3
0.1
2.2
10.8
1.355.9
0.3
18.5
63.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
9.7
18.0
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems (Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
At Least One of the Above Chronic Conditions
Average Number of Days Affected by IllnessAll Students by Gender
Acute Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chronic Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
At Least One of the Above Acute Conditions
Males* Females* Under-graduate*
Graduate/Pro-
fessional*
Inter-national
All Students*
18-19 20-24 25-29 30-39 40+
Age Group
Spouse and Dependent Health Care CoverageAll Students
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
20.0% of spouses are uninsured
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
4.3% of dependent children
are uninsured
Have Children
Have No Children
Insured Uninsured
Insured Uninsured Insured Uninsured
Males Females
Medical Exam*
Dental Exam and Cleaning
Cholesterol Check
Blood Pressure Check
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
All Students* Males Females*
Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Meningitis H1N1 Influenza–Past 12 Months
1.7
40.1
18.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
2.2
0.2
0.3
2.4
2.3
0.1
3.4
1.5
0.4
51.6
10.1
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
0.9
16.4
Routine Doctor’s Visit(88.1)
Dental Care(89.1)
Mental Health Service(23.1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections(34.6)
Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections(18.9)
Testing for HIV(25.3)
Emergency Care(82.5)
Question asked: Where do you obtain the following health care services while in school?
Health Care Service by LocationAll Students (Includes Only Those Students Who Report Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
33.3
3.6 4.0 3.3 3.1 8.5
1.73.6
14.6
20.0
5.6
12.5%
87.5%
4.0%
96.0%
2.6 2.6
16.6
13.011.5 11.3
33.8
65.473.1 73.6
19.128.7
64.3
77.2
51.547.3
33.339.3
65.8
55.6
*Includes medical exam and/or gynecological exam for females.
24.4
1.5
22.0
25.4
23.8
20.5
8.2
0.3
0.1
26.7
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.4
17.5
1.9
13.7
16.4
17.2
20.1
89.5
45.1
28.3
19.5
42.0
42.3
43.2
9.4
1.9
1.6
0.4
1.9
1.3
1.7
0.6
19.7
67.4
23.8
16.7
17.2
17.5
2.765
.6
56.4
75.0
65.5
61.7
45.5
27.9
21.8
66.2 75
.6
62.6
28.2
Average Number of Days Affected–Past 30 Days
Males Females
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Health Care Service(Percent of Students Who Obtained Service)
School Health Service
Student CounselingService
Hospital
Community Clinic
HMO
Private Practice
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Chronic Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
*Does not include international students.
Chronicconditionsareongoinghealthconcernsfor
students.Surveillanceoftheseconditionsprovides
apictureoflongertermhealthcareneedsfor
studentsatUMD.
Thetwomostcommonchronicconditions
diagnosedinUniversityofMinnesota–Duluth
studentsareallergies(40.1%lifetime)andasthma
(18.2%lifetime).Morethanone-half(51.6%)
ofstudentsreportbeingdiagnosedwithatleast
onechronicconditionwithintheirlifetime,and
approximatelyoneinsix(16.4%)reportbeing
diagnosedwithatleastonechronicconditionwithin
thepast12months.
Hea
lthIn
surancean
dHea
lthCareUtilizati
onRe
sult
s
6 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
7
MentalH
ealthResults
MentalHealth
Results
Mentalhealthissuescanhaveaprofoundimpactonstudents’abilitytoengagefullyintheopportunities
presentedtothemwhileincollege.Theseissuesaffecttheirphysical,emotional,andcognitivewell-
beingandcanleadtopooracademicperformance,lowergraduationrates,andpoorinterpersonal
relationships.
Thereisincreasingdiversityamongcollegestudents.Amongundergraduatesnationwide,32.2%are
minorities,57.2%arefemale,and31.0%areage25orolder.4Inaddition,approximately335,000foreign
undergraduatestudentsarestudyingatU.S.collegesanduniversities.4Thisdiversitypresentsamyriad
ofcounselingconcernsrelatedtomulticulturalandgenderissues,lifetransition,stress,careerand
developmentalneeds,violence,interpersonalrelationships,andseriousemotionalandpsychological
problems.Thisarrayofmentalhealthproblemsrepresentsever-increasingchallengesaspostsecondary
institutionsstrivetomeettheneedsoftheirstudents.
National Comparison
Thissectionexaminesareasrelatedtothementalandemotionalstatusofcollegeanduniversity
students.RecentresearchshowsthatyoungadultsintheUnitedStateshaverelativelyhighrates
ofmentalhealthproblemscomparedtootheragegroups.BasedontheresultsoftheNational
ComorbiditySurveyReplicationStudyusingtheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation’sDiagnosticand
StatisticalManualofMentalDisorders-IVcriteria,58.7%of18-to29-year-oldshavebeendiagnosed
withamentaldisorderwithintheirlifetime,and43.8%of18-to29-year-oldshavebeendiagnosedwith
amentaldisorderwithinthepreviousyear.5Amongallagegroups,18-to25-year-oldshavethehighest
past-yearprevalenceofseriousmentalillness,i.e.,mentalillnessthatresultsinfunctionalimpairment,
(7.4%)andthehighestpast-yearprevalenceofmajordepressiveepisode(8.7%).6Morethanonein
ten(10.8%)youngadultsbetweentheagesof18and25havereceivedtreatmentforamentalhealth
probleminthepreviousyear.6
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
ForUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents,
depressionandanxietyarethetwomostfrequently
reportedmentalhealthdiagnosesforbothlifetime
andthepast12months.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
AmongUMDstudents,24.7%reportbeing
diagnosedwithatleastonementalhealth
conditionwithintheirlifetime.Femalesreport
beingdiagnosedwithamentalhealthcondition
withintheirlifetimeandwithinthepast12months
athigherratesthanmales,whichisconsistentwith
genderdifferencesseeninnationaldata.
Additionalanalysisshowsthat13.5%report
beingdiagnosedwithtwoormorementalhealth
conditionswithintheirlifetime.
Men
talH
ealth
Resu
lts
8 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Themostcommonlyexperiencedstressorsamong
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentsare
roommate/housemateconflictandthetermination
ofapersonalrelationship.Atotalof44.5%of
studentsreportexperiencingoneortwostressors
withinthepast12months,and23.0%report
experiencingthreeormorestressorsoverthat
sametimeperiod.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
9Results
Anassociationappearstoexistbetweenreported
numberofstressorsexperiencedwithinthepast
12monthsandvarioustypesofrisk-takingbehavior.
Overthesame12-monthperiod,UMDstudents
whoexperiencedthreeormorestressorstendto
havehigherratesofcurrenttobaccouse,high-risk
drinking,currentmarijuanause,andhighcredit
carddebtcomparedtostudentswhoexperienced
twoorfewerstressors.
MentalH
ealthResults
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5Pe
rcen
t
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Approximatelyone-fourth(25.8%)ofUMD
studentsreporttheyareunabletomanagetheir
stresslevel.Additionalanalysisshowsthatamong
thesestudents,10.9%alsoreporttheywere
diagnosedwithdepressionwithinthepast
12months.Nearlythree-fourths(74.2%)of
UMDstudentsreporttheyareabletomanage
theirlevelofstress.Only2.2%ofthesestudents
reporttheywerediagnosedwithdepressionwithin
thepast12months.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Anassociationappearstoexistbetween
unmanagedstresslevelsandhigherratesof
diagnosisforacuteandchronicconditionsaswell
asvariousmentalhealthconditions.Forexample,
15.5% ofUMDstudentswithunmanagedstress
levelsreportbeingdiagnosedwithanxietywithin
thepastyearcomparedtoonly5.1%ofstudents
withmanagedstresslevelsreportingthesame
diagnosis.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Depressionisthementalhealthconditionmost
frequentlyreportedbyUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthstudentswithintheirlifetime.Females
reportbeingdiagnosedwithdepression–both
lifetimeandthepast12months–athigherrates
thanmales.
Men
talH
ealth
Resu
lts
10 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
TheproportionofUMDstudentswhoreportbeing
diagnosedwithdepressionwithintheirlifetime
increaseswithage.UMDstudentsages25-29
reportthehighestrateofbeingdiagnosedwith
depressionwithinthepast12months.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40Pe
rcen
t
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Overall,6.1%ofUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthstudentsreporttheycurrentlyaretaking
medicationfordepression.Femalesreporta
higherrateofmedicationusefordepressionthan
males,whichcorrelateswiththehigherdepression
diagnosisratesfoundinfemalescomparedto
males.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
FemaleUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents
alsoreportahigherrateofmedicationusefor
mentalhealthproblemsotherthandepressionthan
theuniversity’smalepopulation.Overall,4.7%
ofstudentsreporttakingmedicationforamental
healthproblemotherthandepression.
MentalH
ealthResults
11Results
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
AmongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents,
nomalesand2.3%offemalesreportbeing
diagnosedwithanorexiaand/orbulimiawithin
theirlifetime.
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Inresponsetoaquestionthataskedonhowmany
ofthepastsevendaystheygotenoughsleepso
theyfeltrestedwhentheywokeupinthemorning,
morethanone-half(52.6%)ofUMDstudents
reporttheyreceivedadequatesleeponthreeor
fewerdaysovertheprevioussevendays.
Receivingadequatesleepinthepastsevendays
appearstohaveanimpactonstudents’abilityto
managetheirstresslevel.Only55.0%ofUMD
studentswhoreportreceiving0-1dayperweekof
adequatesleepalsoreporttheabilitytomanage
theirstress,whereas89.3%ofstudentswhoreport
6-7daysperweekofadequatesleepalsoreportthe
abilitytomanagetheirstress.
Men
talH
ealth
Resu
lts
12 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Anorexia
Anxiety
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bulimia
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
0.8
14.2
4.2
0.3
0.9
15.3
1.3
5.8
1.7
3.3
1.8
0.2
7.8
1.1
0.3
0.1
4.5
0.4
1.6
0.4
1.5
1.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within Past 12 MonthsStressor
10.4
17.4
18.1
2.3
2.8
0.4
19.9
0.9
6.3
6.7
8.6
1.1
1.8
3.3
32.1
11.8
6.3
1.9
32.5
44.5
23.0
Getting Married
Failing a Class
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You
Death of Someone Close to You
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
Being Fired or Laid Off From a Job
Roommate/Housemate Conflict
Parental Conflict
Lack of Health Care Coverage
Issues Related to Sexual Orientation
Zero of the Above Stressors
One or Two of the Above Stressors
Three or More of the Above Stressors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior All Students
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Ability to Manage Stress–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety
15.4
14.1
5.1
0.1
0.9
1.1
2.2
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
10
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Depression All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Currently Taking Medication for Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression All Students by Gender
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Perc
ent
Eating Disorder Diagnosis–LifetimeAll Students by Gender
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep–Past Seven Days All Students
0-1 Day per Week 4-5 Days per Week
2-3 Days per Week 6-7 Days per Week
52.6% of students get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent W
ho R
epor
t The
y M
anag
e Th
eir
Stre
ss L
evel
Adequate Sleep and StressAll Students
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students
Mental Health StressorsAll Students
Stress and Mental Health, Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis All Students
25.5
22.9
15.5
1.3
3.3
1.0
10.9
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Current Tobacco Use–
Any Use Past 30 Days
Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors
High-Risk Drinking–5+
Drinks/Sitting Past 2 Weeks
Current Marijuana
Use–Past 30 Days
Any Gambling–
Past 12 Months
High Credit Card Debt–
Balance $3,000+
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
18-19
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
20-24 25-29 30-39 40+Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
Anorexia Anorexia and/or Bulimia
All Students Males Females
Bulimia
0-1 4-52-3 6-7Days per Week
24.7
29.7
11.5
15.418.3
6.8
23.4
38.0 41
.5
53.3
15.1
27.2
2.9 6.
9
50.4
50.0
74.2%
25.8%
15.3
11.2
18.6
4.52.1 6.4
8.9 2.
8 15.0
5.0
26.0
6.7
35.0
2.6
38.9
5.6
6.1
2.3
9.2
4.7
3.4
5.6
0.8
0.0
1.4
0.9
0.0
1.7
1.3
0.0
2.3
20.0%
32.6%34.1%
13.3%
55.0
69.7
84.089.3
Mental Health ConditionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Within the Past 12 MonthsCondition
Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
13
TobaccoUse
Results
TobaccoUse
Results
Youngadultstransitioningbetweenhighschoolandcollegefindthemselvesinanenvironmentwith
increasedopportunitiestomakepersonalandlifestyledecisionswithoutsupervisionorinputfromtheir
parents.Couplingthisnew-foundfreedomwithgrowingacademicpressureandanexpandingsocial
networkcanleadtoexperimentationandriskybehaviorssuchassmoking.Preventingsmokingamong
youngadultsiscriticaltoreducinglong-termuseoftobaccoproductsandthesubsequentnegative
healthconsequences.
National Comparison
RecentresearchshowsthatcurrentcigaretteusebyAmericansofallagespeaksamongyoungadults
ages21-25at37.1%,while18-to20-year-oldsarenotfarbehindat33.5%.6Nearlyoneinthree(30.0%)
full-timecollegestudentssmokedcigarettesatleastonetimeinthepreviousyear,lessthanonein
five(17.9%)smokedcigarettesatleastonetimeintheprevious30days,andapproximatelyoneinten
(9.2%)smokecigarettesdaily.7Amongyoungadultsages18-25,5.4%usedsmokelesstobaccointhe
previousmonth.6Currentcigarettesmokersaremorelikelytouseothertobaccoproducts,alcohol,or
illicitdrugsthannonsmokers.6Amongallcurrentsmokers,42.5%havetriedtoquitandhavestopped
smokingforatleastonedayinthepreceding12months.8Ofthe15millioncollegestudentsinthe
UnitedStates,anestimated1.7millionwilldieprematurelyduetosmoking-relatedillnesses.9Clearly
thecurrentleveloftobaccouseamongcollegestudentsposesamajorhealthrisk.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
ThecurrenttobaccouserateforUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsis26.8%,witha
dailytobaccouserateof5.4%.Malesreport
higherratesofbothcurrentanddailytobacco
usecomparedtofemales.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentsages
22-23reportthehighestcurrenttobaccouserate.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
Thehighestdailytobaccouserateisfoundamong
UMDstudentsage24andolder.
Toba
ccoUse
Resu
lts
14 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Definition: Current Tobacco Use
Anytobaccouseinthepast30days.Tobaccouseincludesbothsmokingandsmokelesstobacco.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
Malesarethepredominantusersofsmokeless
tobacco.Overall,17.1%ofmaleUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsreportusingsmokeless
tobaccoduringthepast30days.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
AmongstudentsattheUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthwhoreportusingsmokingtobaccointhe
past30days,65.1%donotconsiderthemselves
smokers.AmongUMDstudentswhodoconsider
themselvessmokers,56.3%madeatleastone
attempttoquitsmokingoverthepast12months.
Thesestudentsmadeanaverageof8.9quit
attemptsduringthatsame12-monthperiod.0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
ForUMDstudentswhoreportusingtobaccoover
thepast30days,thepercentageofthosewhosay
theysmokehalfapackofcigarettesormoreper
dayincreasesfrom13.8%onaweekdayto19.3%
onaweekendday.
TobaccoUse
Results
15Results
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
TheaveragenumberofcigarettessmokedbyUMD
studentswhoarecurrenttobaccousersincreases
from4.0perweekdayto4.9perweekendday.For
dailytobaccousers,theaveragenumberincreases
from15.2perweekdayto15.6perweekendday.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentswho
usedtobaccointhepast30daysreportthemost
commonlocationsoftheiruseareatprivateparties
(outside),inacar,wheretheylive(outside),andon
campus(outside).
Toba
ccoUse
Resu
lts
16 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
FornonsmokersattendingUMD,oncampus
(outside)andbarsandrestaurants(outside)are
themostcommonlycitedlocationsforexposure
tosecondhandsmoke.Inacarandprivateparties
(outside)arethemostfrequentlyreportedlocations
forexposuretosecondhandsmokebysmokers.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
FornonsmokersattendingtheUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluth,4.2%reportbeingexposedto
secondhandsmoke2ormorehoursperweek.For
currentsmokers,17.8%reportbeingexposedto
secondhandsmokefor2ormorehoursperweek.
17Results
TobaccoUse
Results
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
Similartotherelationshipbetweenhigh-risk
drinkingandtobaccouse,useofmarijuanain
thepast30daysbyUMDstudentsishigher
amongtobaccousers(42.8%)comparedtonon-
tobaccousers(8.6%).Thisisanearlyfivefold
increaseintherate.0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50Pe
rcen
t
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
Aswithhigh-riskdrinkingandmarijuanause,the
useofotherillegaldrugsisassociatedwithtobacco
use.TobaccouserswhoattendUMDuseillegal
drugsotherthanmarijuanaatnearlysixtimesthe
rateofnon-tobaccouserswhoattendtheuniversity
(21.3%vs.3.7%,respectively).
Toba
ccoUse
Resu
lts
18 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Current and Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
ent
Current Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Perc
ent
Daily Tobacco UseAll Students by Age Group
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Current Smokeless Tobacco UseAll Students by Gender
Quit Attempts–Past 12 MonthsCurrent Smokers
Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers
Consider Themselves Smokers
Attempted to Quit
Have Not Attempted to Quit
8.9 = Average Number of Quit Attempts
1-99 = Range of Quit Attempts
Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent Tobacco Users
Weekend DayWeekday
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5-1 Pack per Day
More Than 1 Pack per Day
0
5
10
15
20
Aver
age
Num
ber
of C
igar
ettes
Average Number of Cigarettes SmokedCurrent vs. Daily Tobacco Users
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Secondhand Smoke Exposure–Per WeekNonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Current SmokersNonsmokers
0 Hours 2-6 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes-1 Hour 7 or More Hours
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and High-Risk Drinking All Students
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Current Marijuana Use All Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Tobacco Use Status and Other Illegal Drug Use (Not Marijuana)–Past 12 Months All Students
Tobacco Use LocationCurrent Tobacco Users
Secondhand Smoke ExposureAll Students
Current Tobacco Use Daily Tobacco Use
All Students Males Females
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
18-19 20-21 22-23 24+Age Group
All Students Males Females
Weekday Weekend Day
Current Tobacco Users Daily Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
All Students Non-Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
26.8
34.9
20.2
5.47.4
3.8
27.2 27.3 28.4
23.0
4.83.9
6.97.7
8.6
17.1
2.0
34.9%
65.1%
43.7%56.3%
86.2%
3.6%
80.7%
2.9%
10.2%16.4%
4.0
15.2
4.9
15.6
10.2
*
4.7
*
65.8
23.3
42.9
*
17.5
10.5
56.0
25.8
5.8
46.9
*
65.8
70.2
29.5
*
27.6
1.8
*
1.7
*
12.9
5.4
14.2
*
5.1
5.2
45.8
10.5
1.0
23.9
*
12.3
20.3
5.1
*
14.1
4.0*
5.1
*
51.6
11.6
40.7
*
7.6
9.1
44.0
15.3
4.7
36.0
*
33.5
51.3
16.0
*
23.3
2.3
*
2.5*
21.8
6.8
20.3
*
5.7
6.2
45.2
11.6
1.8
26.6
*
17.1
27.4
7.6
*
16.2
Inside Outside
29.2 15.6 26.2
On Campus
Residence Halls
Fraternity/Sorority
Bars/Restaurants
In a Car
Where I Live
Private Parties
Work Site
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
N/A–Never Exposed
Inside Outside
LocationPercent Who Indicate Use
at Specified Location
Location Smokers All Students
67.2%
28.6%
3.2% 1.0%
40.4%
41.8%
13.4%
4.4%
44.2
33.6
72.8
17.9
8.6
42.8
8.4 3.7
21.3
Nonsmokers
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*Location not included in question.
*Location not included in question.
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentswho
usetobaccotendtohaveahigherrateofhigh-risk
drinkingcomparedtoUMDstudentswhoarenon-
tobaccousers(72.8%vs.33.6%,respectively).
Definition: High-Risk Drinking
Consumptionoffiveormorealcoholdrinksatonesittingwithinthepasttwoweeksforbothmalesandfemales.Adrinkisdefinedasabottleofbeer,winecooler,glassofwine,shotglassofliquor,ormixeddrink.
19
AlcoholU
seandOtherD
rugUse
Results
AlcoholUseandOtherDrugUse
Results
Forsomeyoungadults,collegelifeincludesanintroductionorincreaseintheuseofalcohol,marijuana,
andvariousillicitdrugs.Whetherstudentsareusingthesesubstancestosignifyemergenceinto
adulthood,enhancetheirsociallife,orcopewithstress,substanceabusecanleadtoadeclinein
classroomperformance,lowergrades,aggressivebehavior,propertydamage,andpersonalinjury.
National Comparison
Americancollegestudentsconsumealcoholandotherdrugsatveryhighrates.Morethanfourinfive
(85.3%)full-timecollegestudentshaveconsumedalcoholatleastonetime,andmorethantwointhree
(69.0%)full-timecollegestudentsconsumealcoholmonthly.7Therateofbingedrinking(consuming
fiveormorealcoholicbeveragesinarowintheprevioustwoweeks)peaksbetweenages21and25at
46.0%andis33.7%among18-to20-year-olds.6Youngadultsages18to22whoareenrolledincollege
fulltimearemorelikelythantheirpeerswhoarenotenrolledincollegefulltimetoconsumealcohol
monthlyandtobingedrink.6
Approximatelyone-half(49.5%)offull-timecollegestudentshaveusedanillicitdrugatleastoncein
theirlifetime,morethanone-third(35.2%)offull-timecollegestudentshaveusedanillicitdrugatleast
onceinthepastyear,andnearlyoneinfive(18.9%)full-timecollegestudentshaveusedanillicitdrug
inthelastmonth.7Marijuanaistheillicitdrugofchoiceforfull-timecollegestudents,withnearlyhalf
(46.8%)ofstudentshavingusedthedrugatleastonceintheirlifetimeandalmostone-third(32.3%)
havinguseditinthepastyear.7Amongfull-timecollegestudents,5.7%haveusedamphetamines,4.4%
haveusedcocaine,and0.3%haveusedheroininthepreviousyear.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
AmongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents,
85.0%reportusingalcoholinthepast12months
and76.3%reportusingalcoholinthepast30days.
Therateforuseofalcoholinthepast12monthsis
slightlyhigheramongfemalescomparedtomales,
whiletherateforuseofalcoholinthepast30days
isslightlyhigheramongmalescomparedtofemales.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Approximatelytwo-thirds(67.9%)ofUMDstudents
ages18-20reportconsumingalcoholinthepast30
days.Nearlynineoutoften(85.6%)UMDstudents
ages21-22reportconsumingalcoholoverthesame
timeperiod.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
MaleUMDstudentsconsumeahigheraverage
numberofdrinksperweekthanfemalestudents
attheuniversity.Theaveragenumberofdrinksper
weekmayserveasanindicatorofoverallalcohol
use.
Alcoh
olUseand
OtherDrugUse
Resu
lts
20 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Definition: Past-12-Month Alcohol Use
Anyalcoholusewithinthepastyear.
Definition: Current Alcohol Use
Anyalcoholusewithinthepast30days.
MalestudentsattheUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthreportahigherrateofhigh-riskdrinking
comparedtofemaleUMDstudents(52.0%vs.
38.2%,respectively).
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
AmongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents,
thepeakyearsforengaginginhigh-riskdrinkingare
betweenages21and22.
AlcoholU
seandOtherD
rugUse
Results
21Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
UMDstudentswhohaveengagedinhigh-risk
drinkingtendtooverestimatethisbehavioramong
theirpeers(53.6%),whilethosewhohavenot
engagedinhigh-riskdrinkingslightlyunderestimate
thisbehavioramongtheirpeers(41.4%).The
estimatefromallstudentsis46.7%,andtheactual
high-riskdrinkingrateattheuniversityis44.2%.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Thebloodalcoholcontentofastudentonthe
mostrecentsocializing/partyingoccasionwas
calculatedbasedonanswerstofourdifferent
surveyquestions(gender,currentbodyweight,
amountofalcoholconsumed,andtimeperiodof
consumption).Itshouldbenotedthatthe
BACcalculatedinthisstudyisanestimate.
Thisinformationisself-reported,andstudents
tendtounderestimatetheactualamountof
alcoholtheyconsume.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Formaleandfemalestudentsattendingthe
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluth,theaverage
estimatedbloodalcoholcontent,basedonthelast
timethestudentpartied/socialized,is0.08.
Alcoh
olUseand
OtherDrugUse
Resu
lts
22 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
TheaverageestimatedBAClevelsforUniversity
ofMinnesota–Duluthstudentsrangefrom0.03
to0.10,withtheestimatedBACforallsurvey
respondentsaveraging0.08.Studentsage23report
thehighestaverageestimatedBAClevelbutthe
averageestimatedBAClevelsforstudentsages
20-23allexceedthelegaldrivinglimitof0.08for
individualsoflegaldrinkingage.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
23Results
Morethanoneinsix(17.9%)Universityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsreporthavingdrivena
carwhileundertheinfluenceofalcoholordrugs.
AmongUMDstudents,34.1%reportmissingaclass
and25.8% reportperformingpoorlyonatestor
projectasaresultofalcohol/druguse.
AlcoholU
seandOtherD
rugUse
Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Astrongassociationexistsbetweentheaverage
numberofdrinksUMDstudentsconsumedper
weekandthetotalnumberofreportednegative
consequencestheyexperiencedoverthepast
12months.Anassociationalsoexistsbetween
engaginginhigh-riskdrinkingwithinthepasttwo
weeksandreportednegativeconsequences.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Theratesforthenegativeconsequencesidentified
generallyaretwotothreetimeshigheramongUMD
studentswhohaveengagedinhigh-riskdrinking
comparedtoUMDstudentswhohavenotengaged
inhigh-riskdrinking.Nearlyoneinthree(30.0%)
studentswhohaveengagedinhigh-riskdrinking
havedrivenwhileundertheinfluenceofalcoholor
drugsoneormoretimesinthepast12months.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Studentswereaskediftheywouldcall911when
someone“passesout”duetoalcohol/druguse
andtheyareunabletowaketheindividual.In
thisexampleofasituationinwhich911mustbe
called,59.8%ofallUniversityofMinnesota–Duluth
studentsreporttheywouldbe“verylikely”tocall
foremergencyassistance.
Alcoh
olUseand
OtherDrugUse
Resu
lts
24 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
Therateforanymarijuanausewithinthepast
12monthsis28.8%forallUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthstudents,whilethecurrentmarijuana
userateis17.9%forallUMDstudents.Boththe
past-12-monthandcurrentmarijuanauseratesare
higherformalesthanforfemales.
Definition: Past-12-Month Marijuana Use
Anymarijuanausewithinthepastyear.
Definition: Current Marijuana Use
Anymarijuanausewithinthepast30days.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Alcohol Use–Past 12 Months and CurrentAll Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Current Alcohol UseAll Students by Age Group
0
2
4
6
8
Aver
age
Num
ber
of D
rink
s
Average Number of Drinks per WeekAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
High-Risk DrinkingAll Students by Age Group
Question asked: In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? (One drink = one shot of alcohol, 12-ounce can of beer, mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, 12-ounce wine cooler, or 5-ounce glass of wine.)
All Students
High-Risk Drinkers
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
Students’ Perception of High-Risk Drinking
by School PeersHigh-Risk Drinking Status
Actual High-Risk
Drinking Rate
44.2%of All Students
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender • Current body weight • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) • Time period of consumption • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer containing 4.5% alcohol)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Gender
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Aver
age
BAC
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol ContentAll Students by Age
Had a Hangover
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or Other College Authorities
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Got Nauseated or Vomited
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Missed a Class
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
Had a Memory Loss
Done Something I Later Regretted
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using
Seriously Thought About Suicide
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
Been Hurt or Injured
Percent Who Report ExperiencingWithin Past 12 MonthsNegative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
Num
ber
of
Neg
ative
Con
sequ
ence
s
Average Number of Negative ConsequencesAll Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Very Likely
Somewhat Likely
Somewhat Unlikely
Very Unlikely
72.0
17.7
5.7
4.6
56.2
27.2
12.2
4.4
59.8
25.2
10.6
4.4
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Missed a Class
Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually(Includes Males and Females)
17.9
25.7
25.8
34.1
5.2
8.4
13.7
14.9
19.1
2.3
30.0
41.0
39.5
52.9
8.8
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences within the previous 12-month period.
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Marijuana Use–Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
Perc
ent
Selected Drug Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug UseAll Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation All Students
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*All Students
High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus–Perceived vs. Actual All Students
Past 12 Months Current
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
All Students Males Females
18-20 21-22 23-24 28+25-27Age Group
All Students Males Females
18 19 20 28+2221 23 24 25 26 27Age
5 or Fewer Drinks
per Week
6 or More Drinks
per Week
Non-High-RiskDrinkers
High-RiskDrinkers
Current Marijuana UsePast-12-Month Marijuana Use
All Students Males Females
Coca
ine
Am
phet
amin
es
Seda
tives
Hal
luci
noge
ns
Opi
ates
Inha
lant
s
Ecst
asy
Ster
oids
GH
B/Ro
hypn
ol
85.0 84.1 85.776.3 78.2 75.0
All Students Males Females
67.9
85.6 84.4 82.773.6
5.5
7.6
3.9
44.2
52.0
38.2
41.9
51.945.3 43.8
21.9
46.7%
53.6%
41.4%
0.08 0.08 0.08
0.07 0.
08 0.09
0.09
0.09 0.
10
0.07 0.
08
0.08
0.06
0.03
67.3
25.8
11.5
2.4
25.7
49.5
17.9
34.1
26.1
9.1
31.6
33.8
0.9
5.2
0.5
3.3
4.2
0.6
13.7
7.2
22.7
5.9
20.5
PercentNegative Consequence
All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers
All Students Students Who Did Not Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
Students Who Did Use Alcohol Within the Past 30 Days
PercentResponse
28.831.0
27.1
17.921.2
15.2
3.2
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
1.3 0.6
0.2 0.3
TheillicitdrugsmostcommonlyusedbyUMD
studentsaresedatives(3.3%),cocaine(3.2%),
hallucinogens(3.1%),andecstasy(3.1%).Further
analysisshowsthatamongUMDstudents,8.4%
reporthavingusedatleastoneoftheninelisted
illicitdrugs.Inaddition,9.7%ofstudentsreport
usinganotherperson’sprescriptiondrugs.
AlcoholU
seandOtherD
rugUse
Results
25Results
Alcoh
olUseand
OtherDrugUse
Resu
lts
26 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
PersonalSafetyandFinancialHealth
Results
PersonalSafetyandFinancialHealth
Results
Thehealthofstudentsandtheirsubsequentsuccessinacademiclifedependsonamultitudeof
factorsbothintrinsicandextrinsictotheindividual.Safetyandpersonalfinancesarenaturalsources
ofconcernforstudents,parents,andcollegepersonnel.Asafecampusoffersstudentstheopportunity
topursuelearninginanenvironmentfreefromthreatstotheirphysicaloremotionalwell-being.As
collegepopulationsbecomemorediverse,thechallengeofcreatingasafeenvironmentbecomes
morecomplex.Students’decisionsrelatedtofinancesalsoaffecttheiracademicsuccess.Thissection
concentratesontheareasofpersonalsafetyandfinancialhealth.
National Comparison
Thoughmanyeffortsaremadetoreduceviolenceandvictimizationoncampus,theseunfortunate
eventsstilloccur.Currentdatashowthatalmostoneinsix(17.6%)womenandonein33(3.0%)menin
theUnitedStateshavebeenvictimsofrapeorattemptedrapeintheirlifetime.10Basedonestimatesby
theNationalInstituteofJustice,20.0%ofAmericanwomenexperiencerapeorattemptedrapewhilein
college,butfewerthan5.0%ofcollegerapevictimsreporttheincidenttothepolice.11
Financialhealthisanotherareaofconcern.Morethanfourinfive(84.0%)collegestudentsintheUnited
Stateshaveatleastonecreditcard,andone-half(50.0%)havefourormorecreditcards.12Theaverage
creditcarddebtperU.S.collegestudentis$3,173.12Morethantwo-fifths(41.9%)ofcollegestudents
reportthattheyparticipatedinsometypeofgamblingactivityduringthepreviousschoolyear.13
27
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Approximatelyoneinfive(20.7%)femalestudents
attheUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthreport
experiencingasexualassaultwithintheirlifetime,
with5.6%reportinghavingbeenassaultedwithin
thepast12months.MaleUMDstudentshave
experiencedsexualassaultatlowerrates,with
4.0%reportinganassaultwithintheirlifetime
and1.8%reportinganassaultwithinthepast
12months.
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
AmongfemaleUniversityofMinnesota–Duluth
students,nearlyoneinfour(23.6%)report
experiencingdomesticviolencewithintheirlifetime.
Morethanoneinseven(14.6%)maleUMD
studentsreporthavinghadtheexperience.
Furtherexaminationofdatashowsthataboutone
ineight(12.6%)studentsattheuniversityreport
eithersexuallyassaultingorinflictingdomestic
violenceonanotherpersonwithintheirlifetime.
Ofthosewhoreportbeingaperpetratorofsexual
assaultordomesticviolence,37.7%indicatethey
havebeenavictimofasexualassaultwithintheir
lifetime.
Person
alSafetyan
dFina
ncialH
ealth
Resu
lts
28 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Forstudentswhoreportbeingvictimsofsexual
assault,35.8%alsosaytheyhavebeendiagnosed
withdepressionwithintheirlifetime; 29.5%of
victimsofdomesticviolencesaytheyhavehad
adiagnosisofdepressionwithintheirlifetime.It
shouldbenotedtheseratesarehigherthanthe
lifetimedepressionratereportedamongUMD
studentswhohavenotexperiencedsexualassault
ordomesticviolencewithintheirlifetime.
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
OftheUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents
whoindicatetheyhaveexperiencedasexualassault
withintheirlifetime(13.3%),only30.8%statethey
reportedtheincident.OftheUMDstudentswho
chosetoreporttheincident,14.3%reporteditto
thepoliceand30.6%reportedittoahealthcare
provider.
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Approximatelyoneinsix(16.2%)Universityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsweretheftvictims
withinthepast12months.Ofthosewhoreport
experiencingatheft,84.9%saytheamountofthe
theftwas$499orless.
PersonalSafetyandFinancialHealth
Results
29Results
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Nearlyone-tenth(9.1%)ofUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsreporttheyhave
immediateaccesstoafirearm,15.7%formales
and 3.8%forfemales.Ofthosewhohaveaccess
toafirearm,35.8%reporttheyhaveaccesstoa
handgun.
Furtheranalysisshowsthat10.7%ofstudents
attendingtheUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstate
theycarriedaweapon(e.g.,gun,knife)withinthe
past12months.Thisdoesnotincludecarryinga
weaponwhilehunting.
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
MalestudentsattheUniversityofMinnesota–
Dulutharemorelikelytoreporthavingengagedin
aphysicalfightoverthepast12monthscompared
tofemaleUMDstudents(13.4%vs.4.4%,
respectively).
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15Pe
rcen
t
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
AmongstudentsatUMDwhorodeabicycle,only
22.8%reportwearingahelmetalwaysormostof
thetimewhileridingthebicycle.Nearlytwo-thirds
(64.7%)ofstudentswhorodeamotorizedtwo-
wheeledvehiclereporttheywearahelmetalways
ormostofthetimewhileonthevehicle.
Person
alSafetyan
dFina
ncialH
ealth
Resu
lts
30 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Morethantwoinfive(43.3%)UMDstudents
reportexperiencingatleastoneinjuryoverthepast
12months.Theinjuriesmostcommonlyreported
duringthisperiodareduetofallsandmiscellaneous
causes.
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Morethanoneinfive(21.6%)Universityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsreportcarrying
somelevelofcreditcarddebtoverthepast
month.Ofthosewhocarryamonthlycredit
cardbalance,17.8%reportthedebtas$3,000
permonthormore.
31Results
PersonalSafetyandFinancialHealth
Results
Definition: Current Credit Card Debt
Anyunpaidbalanceattheendofthepastmonth.
Person
alSafetyan
dFina
ncialH
ealth
Resu
lts
32 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Approximatelyone-half(50.3%)ofUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthstudentsreportengagingin
gamblingoverthepast12-monthperiod.Lessthan
oneinten(6.3%)reportgamblingatleastoncea
month.Ofthe50.3%whogambledwithinthe
pastyear,4.9%reportspending$100ormore
permonth.
Sexual Assault–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
0
10
20
30
40
Perc
ent
Depression Diagnosis–Lifetime All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Health Care Provider
Hall Director or Community Adviser
Campus Sexual Violence Office
Police
Other
Reported the Assault to*
PercentAmong
Sexual Assault Victims Who
Reported Assault
30.6
6.1
2.0
14.3
53.1
*Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
Theft Victims Non-Theft Victims
Less than $100
$100-$499
$500-$999
$1,000 or More
Theft Victims’Loss in Dollars
Percent Among Theft Victims
52.3
7.3
32.6
7.8
Firearm Access No Firearm Access
Handgun
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
Type of Firearm
Percent Among Students With Firearm Access
35.8
82.6
67.0
8.3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Physical Fight–Past 12 MonthsAll Students by Gender
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Burned by Fire or a Hot Substance
Motor Vehicle Related
Team Sports
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
In-line Skating
Skate Boarding
Falls
Other
Not Applicable–I Was Not Injured
Type of Injury
Percent Who Report Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Injuries–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
1.5
2.4
8.4
11.9
10.9
0.3
2.3
1.2
16.2
12.8
56.7
Current Credit Card DebtAll Students
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt–Pay in Full Each Month
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$1-$99
$100-$999$1,000-$2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 or More
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
High Credit Card Debt and Class StatusAll Students
Gambling–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2-6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
$1-$24
$25-$99
$100 or More
Amount Spent
Percent Among Students
Who Report Gambling
70.6
4.9
24.5
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims–LifetimeSexual Assault Victims
Theft Victims–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Firearm AccessAll Students
Helmet Use–Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Always
Sometimes
Most of the Time
Never
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse without your consent or against your will?
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching without your consent or against your will?
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Within Lifetime Past 12 Months
Students Who Have Not Experienced
Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Sexual Assault–Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence–Within Lifetime
All Students Males Females
1 2 3 4 5+
13.3
20.7
3.95.6
4.01.8
Domestic Violence–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner?
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of the following two questions:
19.6
23.6
10.6 11.814.6
9.1
10.7
35.8
29.5
30.8%
69.2%
16.2%
83.8%
90.9%
9.1%
8.3
13.4
4.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Bicycle Helmet Use
Motorized Two-Wheeled Vehicle Helmet Use
64.3
12.9
12.5
10.9
24.4
49.2
15.5
21.6%
32.9%
45.5%50.0%26.4%
8.5%
5.8%
9.3%
Undergraduate Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
1.0 0.51.3
2.3
12.3 12.2
49.7%25.5%
18.5%
2.9% 3.4%
Number of Years Enrolled
10.3
Therateofhighcreditcarddebtincreasesfrom
0.5%amongUMDundergraduatestudentsenrolled
twoyearsto12.3%amongUMDundergraduate
studentsenrolledfiveormoreyears.
Definition: High Credit Card Debt
Amonthlydebtof$3,000ormore.
NutritionandPhysicalA
ctivityResults
NutritionandPhysicalActivity
Results
Formanystudents,thecollegeyearsrepresentatimeofnewexperiencesandincreasedopportunities
tomakepersonalhealthdecisions.Someofthesedecisionsencompasstheareasofnutritionand
physicalactivity.Studentsareontheirown,freetoeatwhattheywant,whentheywant.Busyacademic
andsocialschedulescantakepriorityovereatingwellandexercisingregularly.Classandworkschedules
varyfromdaytodayandchangeeverysemester.Lifestylechanges,peerpressure,andlimitedfinances
mayleadtoanincreaseinstress,triggeringovereatingthatresultsinweightgain.Inaddition,the
steadyavailabilityofawidevarietyoffood,bothnutritiousandnotsonutritious,canmakewisefood
choicesdifficult.
National Comparison
ResearchshowsthatyoungadultsintheUnitedStatesgenerallyeatfewerfruitsandvegetablesbut
aremorephysicallyactivecomparedtoolderadults.1Youngadultsbetweentheagesof18and24
(23.0%)areslightlylesslikelythanalladults(24.4%)toeatfruitsandvegetablefiveormoretimesper
day.1Youngadultsbetweentheagesof18and27reportconsumingbreakfastanaverageof3.1days
perweekandconsumingfastfoodanaverageof2.5daysperweek.14Therateofobesityamongyoung
adultsages18to24is16.8%.1
Nationwide,81.1%ofyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24comparedto75.4%ofalladults
reportparticipatinginatleastonephysicalactivityduringthelastmonth.1Approximatelythreeoutof
five(60.9%)18-to24-year-oldsreportengaginginatleast30minutesofmoderatephysicalactivityfive
ormoredaysperweekoratleast20minutesofvigorousphysicalactivitythreeormoredaysperweek;
foralladults,therateis50.5%.1
33
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
Bodymassindex(BMI)isacommonandreliable
indicatorofbodyfatness.15BMIequalstheweightin
kilogramsdividedbytheheightinmeterssquared
(BMI=kg/m2).Thistablepresentsweightcategories
basedonBMIranges.
Approximatelyoneinthree(34.2%)University
ofMinnesota–Duluthstudentsfallwithinthe
overweightorobese/extremelyobesecategory.
Thisisbasedonself-reportedheightandweight.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25Pe
rcen
t
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
Dataanalysisshowsthattheaveragebodymass
indexformaleUniversityofMinnesota–Duluth
surveyrespondentsis24.9,andtheaverageBMI
forfemaleUMDsurveyrespondentsis24.1.For
bothmaleandfemalestudents,theseaveragesfall
withinthenormalweightcategory.Approximately
twoinfive(40.8%)malesandmorethanonein
four(28.9%)femalesfallwithintheoverweightor
obese/extremelyobesecategory.
Nutritio
nan
dPh
ysicalActi
vity
Resu
lts
34 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25Pe
rcen
t
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
SurveyrespondentsattheUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthwereaskedtoreporttheirengagement
inanyofthefollowingactivitiesinanattemptto
controltheirweight:laxativeuse,dietpilluse,and
inducedvomiting.Comparedtomales,females
engageinthesebehaviorsathigherrates.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20Pe
rcen
t
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
UniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudentswithin
theunderweightcategoryreportthehighestrateof
laxativeuse.UMDstudentsclassifiedasoverweight
reportthehighestrateofdietpilluse.Thehighest
rateofinducedvomitingisfoundamongUMD
studentswithinthenormalweightcategory.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
35Results
Aswithotherweight-relatedbehaviors,femalesat
theUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthengageinbinge
eatingatahigherratethanmalesattheuniversity.
Approximatelyoneoutofseven(14.4%)females
reporttheyengagedinbingeeatingoverthepast
12months.
NutritionandPhysicalA
ctivityResults
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
AsBMIincreases,therateofreportedbingeeating
behavioramongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluth
studentsalsoincreases.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
UMDunderweightstudentsreportthehighestrate
ofnevereatingbreakfastwithinthepastseven
days.Thehighestratesoffastfoodconsumption
onceaweekormoreandofeatingatarestaurant
onceaweekormorewithinthepast12monthsis
forstudentsclassifiedasobese/extremelyobese.
Nutritio
nan
dPh
ysicalActi
vity
Resu
lts
36 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
AmajorityofUMDstudentsconsumefruitsand
vegetablesonetofourtimesperday.Only14.9%
ofallstudentsconsumefruitsandvegetablesfive
ormoretimesperday.Basedonthereported
numberoftimesperdayfruitsandvegetablesare
consumed,anaveragenumberoftimesperdaycan
becalculated.Malesconsumefruitsandvegetables
onaverage2.8timesperday,andfemalesconsume
themonaverage3.1timesperday.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Av
erag
e BM
I
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
AcrossallBMIcategories,themajorityofUMD
studentseatlessthantherecommendedamountof
fruitsandvegetablesperday.Only10.5%ofobese/
extremelyobesestudentseatfruitsandvegetables
fiveormoretimesperday.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
37Results
UMDunderweightandobese/extremelyobese
studentsreporthigherlevelsofdailyconsumption
ofregularsodacomparedtonormalweightand
overweightstudents.Itshouldbenotedthatthe
numberofstudentswhoconsumeregularsodaon
adailybasisdoesnotreflecttheactualquantity
ofsodaconsumedperday.Inthesurvey,students
werealsoaskedtoreporttheirconsumptionofdiet
soda.Amongthoseclassifiedwithintheobese/
extremelyobesecategory,16.7%reportdaily
consumptionofdietsodacomparedto0.0%of
thoseclassifiedwithintheunderweightcategory.
NutritionandPhysicalA
ctivityResults
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
Studentswereaskedseveralquestionsrelated
totheirphysicalactivitylevel.Thetwosurvey
questionsthatrelatetorecommendations
outlinedbytheCentersforDiseaseControland
Prevention(CDC)(seeCDC’srecommendations
listedatleft)are:
Inthepastsevendays,howmanyhoursdidyou
spenddoingthefollowingactivities?
•Strenuousexercise(heartbeatsrapidly)
•Moderateexercise(notexhausting)
Basedontheirresponsetothetwoquestions,
studentswereclassifiedintooneoffourphysical
activitylevels(zero,low,moderate,orhigh).
Themoderateandhighclassificationsmeetthe
CDC’srecommendedlevelofphysicalactivity.
Approximatelythreeoutoffour(74.6%)UMD
studentsreportlevelsofphysicalactivitythat
placetheminthemoderateorhighclassification,
meetingtheCDC’srecommendations.
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
MaleUMDstudentswhoengageinahighlevelof
physicalactivityhavealoweraverageBMIthan
malestudentswhoengageinalowormoderate
levelofphysicalactivity.FemaleUMDstudents
whoengageinamoderateorhighlevelofphysical
activityhaveloweraverageBMIsthanfemale
studentswhoengageinalowlevelofphysical
activity.
Nutritio
nan
dPh
ysicalActi
vity
Resu
lts
38 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
BMI CategoryAll Students
Less Than 18.5
18.5 to 24.9
25.0 to 29.9
30.0 to 39.9
40.0 and Greater
Weight CategoryBMI Range
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese
Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Males Females
BMI CategoryAll Students by Gender
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Perc
ent
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by Gender
All Students Males Females
Use Laxatives
Use Diet Pills
Induce Vomiting
3.2
3.2
0.0
1.7
3.2
3.6
1.8
5.3
2.9
2.4
4.8
3.2
0
3
6
9
12
15
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Binge Eating Behavior–Past 12 Months All Students by BMI Category
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–Per DayAll Students by Gender
0
5
10
15
20
25
Perc
ent
Daily Regular Soda ConsumptionAll Students by BMI Category
Physical Activity LevelAll Students
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Aver
age
BMI
Average BMIAll Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Males Females
Screen Time–Moderate to High LevelAll Students by BMI Category
Screen time levels–zero, low, moderate, and high–were determined based on a survey question that asked respondents to report the average number of hours they watch TV or use the computer in the course of a day:
Zero Screen Time: 0.0 Hours of Viewing
Low Level: 0.5 to 1.5 Hours per Day
Moderate Level: 2.0 to 3.5 Hours per Day High Level: 4.0 or More Hours per Day
Weight-Related BehaviorsAll Students by BMI Category
Meal PatternsAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight
Normal Weight
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Use Laxatives Use Diet Pills Induce Vomiting
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1-4 Times per Day
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
All Students Males Females
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
Zero Low Moderate High
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least 20 minutes on three or more days per week.16
Low Moderate High
0
5
10
15
20
Perc
ent
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption–5 or More Times Per DayAll Students by BMI Category
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Underweight Normal Weight
Overweight Obese/Extremely Obese
63.2%
23.6%
10.6%
2.6%
57.1
30.110.7
2.9
68.2
18.510.4
2.1
1.8
0.4
3.0
3.9
2.1
5.3
3.3
0.8
5.3
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
13.211.5
14.4
0.0
10.5
17.1
23.8
Underweight Overweight
Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese
PercentBehavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0 Days per Week
1-3 Days per Week
4-7 Days per Week
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Eat at Restaurant (Past 12 Months)
1-2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
12.9
22.6
64.5
64.5
35.5
77.4
22.6
5.7
25.4
68.9
67.8
32.2
70.1
29.9
8.5
26.7
64.8
64.4
35.6
65.4
34.6
7.9
27.0
65.1
61.9
38.1
64.3
35.7
84.3 86.082.6
14.9
0.8
12.5
1.5
16.8
0.3
16.1 15.4 15.6
10.5
19.4
14.2 15.4
21.4
19.1%44.1%
30.5%
6.3%
25.0 25.3 24.724.3 24.0 24.0
67.7 71.9 76.187.3
AmongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthstudents,
levelofscreentimeincreasesasBMIincreases.
Additionaldataanalysisshowsthatapproximately
three-fourths(74.4%)ofUMDstudentsreport
watchingTVorusingthecomputer(notforwork
orschool)twohoursormoreperday.Amongall
students,2.1%reportzeroscreentime,23.5%
reportalowlevelofscreentime,35.4%reporta
moderatelevelofscreentime,and39.0%reporta
highlevelofscreentime.
SexualHealth
Results
SexualHealth
39
Results
Collegeisatimeofgreattransition.Withitsincreaseinfreedomanddecision-makingopportunities,
thistransitionalperiodposesmanychallengesforstudents.Someofthemostimportantdecisions
facingcollegestudentsconcernsexualhealth.Choicesrelatingtosexualbehaviorhavethepotential
forsignificant,andoftentimeslong-term,consequences.Soimportantistheissueofsexualhealththat
in2001theU.S.SurgeonGenerallisted“responsiblesexualbehavior”asoneofthe10leadinghealth
indicatorsforthenation.
National Comparison
ThemajorityofyoungadultsintheUnitedStatesaresexuallyactive,with68.1%of18-to19-year-old
males,75.2%of18-to19-year-oldfemales,84.4%of20-to24-year-oldmales,and86.6%of20-to
24-year-oldfemalesreportingtheyhavehadatleastonesexualpartnerintheprevious12months.17
Among20-to24-year-olds,52.7%ofmalesand30.9%offemaleswhohavehadsexualcontactinthe
previousyearusedacondomduringtheirlastsexualcontact.17Duetoacombinationofbehavioral,
biological,andculturalreasons,sexuallyactiveyoungadultsareatincreasedriskforacquiringsexually
transmittedinfections(STIs).18ThehigherprevalenceofSTIsamongyoungadultsreflectsmultiple
barrierstoaccessingqualitySTIpreventionservices,includinglackofhealthinsuranceorotherability
topay,lackoftransportation,andconcernsaboutconfidentiality.18Among20-to24-year-olds,7.1%of
malesand13.4%offemalesreporthavingasexuallytransmitteddiseaseotherthanHIVwithintheir
lifetime.17Amongall15-to24-year-olds,approximately9.1millioncasesofSTIsandnearly5,000cases
ofHIV/AIDSarediagnosedannually.19
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
FemalestudentsattendingtheUniversityof
Minnesota–Duluthreportslightlyhigherratesof
sexualactivity,bothwithintheirlifetimeandwithin
thepast12months,comparedtomalestudents
attendingtheuniversity.
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
Onaverage,UMDstudentshad2.3sexualpartners
overthepast12-monthperiod.Thisaverageis
basedontheexperienceofallstudents,boththose
whoweresexuallyactiveandthosewhowerenot
sexuallyactive.Nearlythreeoutoffour(73.4%)
studentsreportthattheyhad0or1partnerwithin
thepast12months.
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
AmongUniversityofMinnesota–Duluth
studentswhoweresexuallyactivewithinthe
past12months,approximatelythreeoutoffour
(74.3%)reportthattheirmostrecentsexual
partnerwaseitherafiancé(e)/spouseoran
exclusivedatingpartner.
SexualHea
lthRe
sult
s
40 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
AmongUMDstudentssexuallyactivewithintheir
lifetime,63.4%usedacondomthelasttimethey
engagedinvaginalintercourse,24.0%useda
condomduringtheirlastanalintercourse,and
6.7%usedacondomduringtheirlastoralsex.
Percentsarebasedsolelyonthosewhoindicated
theyengagedintheactivity.
Dataanalysisshowsthatofthe78.0%ofUniversity
ofMinnesota–Duluthstudentswhoreportbeing
sexuallyactivewithintheirlifetime,92.2%engaged
invaginalintercourse,91.6%engagedinoralsex,
and22.9%engagedinanalintercourse.
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
41Results
ThetwomostcommonmethodsthatUMDstudents
reportusingtopreventpregnancythelasttimethey
engagedinvaginalintercoursearebirthcontrolpills
(52.6%)andcondoms(51.8%).Thewithdrawal
methodisreportedby13.9%ofUMDstudents.
Othermethodsofpregnancypreventionreported
bystudentsareidentifiedinthetablebelow.
AmongUMDstudents,3.2%reportnotusingany
methodofpregnancypreventionthelasttimethey
engagedinvaginalintercourse.
SexualHealth
Results
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
Atotalof1.8%ofUniversityofMinnesota–
Duluthstudentshasbeeninvolvedinapregnancy
withinthepast12months.Ofthoseinvolvedin
apregnancy,55.0%stateitwasunintentional.
Amongtheunintentionalpregnancies,54.5%
resultedinabortionand18.2%resultedin
miscarriage.
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
Analysisshowsthatwithinthepast12months,
23.5%ofsexuallyactivefemalestudentsat
theUniversityofMinnesota–Duluthhaveused
emergencycontraception.Amongthosewho
usedemergencycontraception,68.0%have
useditonce, 22.3%haveusedittwice,and
9.7%haveuseditthreeormoretimeswithinthe
past12months.
Sexually Active–Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender
0
20
40
60
80
Perc
ent
Within Past 12 Months
All Students Males Females
Within Lifetime
0
10
20
30
40
50
Perc
ent
Number of Sexual Partners–Past 12 Months All Students
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner
Stranger
Most Recent Sexual Partner–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Students
Other
Condom UseSexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Perc
ent
Did Not Use Condom
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Perc
ent
Emergency Contraception
Depo Provera
Fertility Awareness
Intrauterine Device
Ortho Evra
Diaphragm
Other
Percent Who Report Using MethodType of Method
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.30.6
0.3
2.8
Pregnancy Prevention MethodsSexually Active Students Within Lifetime
Involved in Pregnancy
Not Involvedin Pregnancy
Unintentional
Intentional
Abortion
Miscarriage
Still Pregnant
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome–Past 12 Months All Students
0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Number of Partners
Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex
Used Condom
Don’t Know
Birth ControlPills
Condoms Withdrawal Nuva Ring
Don’t Know
78.0 77.7 78.473.2 71.5 74.6
25.6
47.8
6.52.5 2.3 3.611.7
16.4%
57.9%
15.9%
8.3%
0.9%0.6%
63.4
36.00.6
24.0
72.4
3.6
1.06.7
92.3
52.6 51.8
13.9 4.3
97.7%55.0%45.0%
18.2%
27.3%
54.5%
1.8%0.5%
2.7
0.8
2.8
0.3
0.1
1.10.3
6.7
0.8
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis–Lifetime and Past 12 MonthsAll Students
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
Pubic Lice
Syphilis
At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections
Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months
Sexually Transmitted InfectionPercent Who Report
Being Diagnosed
Emergency Contraception Use–Past 12 MonthsSexually Active Female Students
Used Emergency Contraception
Did Not UseEmergency Contraception
Don’t Know
1 Time
2 Times3 Times
4 Times
5+ Times
76.5% 68.0%
22.3%
3.9%0.0% 4.8%
23.5%
1.0%
AmongUMDstudentswhohavebeensexually
activewithintheirlifetime,6.7%reportbeing
diagnosedwithasexuallytransmittedinfection
withintheirlifetimeand2.4%reportbeing
diagnosedwithasexuallytransmittedinfection
withinthepast12months.Genitalwarts/HPVis
themostcommonlydiagnosedsexuallytransmitted
infection.
SexualHea
lthRe
sult
s
42 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Healthyindividualsmakebetterstudents,andbetterstudentsmakehealthiercommunities.
Implications
Resultsfromthe2010CollegeStudentHealthSurveypresentedinthisreportdocumentthehealthand
health-relatedbehaviorsofstudentsenrolledintheparticipatinginstitutions.Thesedata,therefore,
offeracomprehensivelookatthediseases,healthconditions,andhealth-relatedbehaviorsthatare
impactingstudentsattendingpostsecondaryschoolsinMinnesota.Identificationofthesehealth-related
issuesiscriticalbecausethehealthofcollegestudentsinMinnesotaaffectsnotonlytheiracademic
achievementbutalsotheoverallhealthofoursociety.
Whileitisintuitivelyobviousthathealthconditionscanaffectacademicperformance,thelinktooverall
societalhealthismoresubtlebutnolessprofound.Giventhattherearenowmorestudentsenrolled
inpostsecondaryinstitutionsthaninhighschools,thatcollegestudentshelpsetthenormsofbehavior
foroursocietyandserveasrolemodelsforyoungerstudents,thatcollegestudentsareestablishingand
solidifyinglifestylesandbehaviorsthatwillstaywiththemfortherestoftheirlives,andthatobtaining
acollegedegreeisoneofthemajordeterminantsoffuturehealthandeconomicstatus,theimportance
andtheimpactofthehealthofcollegestudentsonoursocietybecomesevident.
43Implications
44 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Kittson
Roseau
Marshall
Polk
Red Lake
Pennington
Norman
Beltrami
Lake of the Woods
Clay
Becker
Koochiching
Itasca
Cass
HUBBARD
Crow WingOtter Tail
Todd
Douglas
Grant
Morrison
Aitkin
StearnsPope
Carlton
PineMilleLacs
Benton
IsantiCHISAGO
Stevens
Wilkin
Traverse
Big Stone
SWIFT
Chippewa
Renville
Lac Qui Parle
Yellow Medicine
Redwood
CottonwoodMurray
Lyon
Nobles Jackson
Hallock
Roseau
Baudette
Warren
Thief River Falls
Red Lake Falls
Crookston
Ada
Mahnomen
Mahnomen
Moorhead Detroit Lakes
Breckenridger Fergus Falls
Wheaton
Elbow Lake
Alexandria
MorrisGlenwood
Ortonville Benson
Montevideo
MadisonKANDIYOHI
Willmar
Granite Falls
MarshallIvanhoe
Lincoln
Redwood Falls
Pipestone
PipestoneSlayton
Windom
Rock
LuverneJackson
MartinFairmont
WATONWAN
St. James
Faribault
Blue Earth
Blue Earth
North Mankato
Brown
New Ulm
FreebornAlbert Lea
Mower
Austin
FillmorePreston
Dodge
Mantorville
STEELE
Owatonna
Waseca
Le Sueur
Le CenterRice
Faribault Goodhue
Red Wing
Wabasha
Wabasha
Rochester
Winona
NicolletSt. Peter
SibleyGaylord
McLeod
GlencoeOliviaChaska
Carver
Scott
Shakopee
Dakota
Hastings
MEEKER
LitchfieldWright
Buffalo Anoka
Hennepin
CityCenter CCenter
Cambridge
SherburneElk River
Pine City
Milaca
KanabecMora
Little FallsLong Prairie
Carlton
Brainerd
Aitkin
Walker
Wadena
Wadena
Park Rapids
Grand Rapids
Bemidji
International Falls
St. Louis
Duluth
Lake
orsTwo Harbbo
Cook
Grand Marais
Olmsted
RAMSEY
Houston
Caledona
Anoka
Minneapolis
St. Cloud
Foley
Winona
Waseca
St. PaulStillwater
Washington
Anoka Technical College
Bagley
Clear-water
Wash-ington
Century College
Itasca Community College
Bemidji State University
Carleton College
Concordia College
St. Cloud State University
University of Minnesota–Duluth
University of Minnesota–Morris
University of Minnesota–Rochester
University of Minnesota–Twin Ci es
St. Cloud Technical and Community College
University of Minnesota–Crookston
Minnesota State College–Southeast Technical
Minnesota State University,Mankato Rochester Community and
Technical College
Winona State University
Anoka Technical College
Century College
Itasca Community College
Minnesota State College–Southeast Technical
Rochester Community and Technical College
St. Cloud Technical and Community College
Two-Year Schools
Anoka, MN
White Bear Lake, MN
Grand Rapids, MN
Winona, MN
Rochester, MN
St. Cloud, MN
Enrollment–Spring 2010*
*Includes full- me and part- me students.
Loca on
3,09012,3291,466
2,581
7,490
5,451
Bemidji State University
Carleton College
Concordia College
Minnesota State University,Mankato
St. Cloud State University
University of Minnesota–Crookston
University of Minnesota–Duluth
University of Minnesota–Morris
University of Minnesota–Rochester
University of Minnesota–Twin Ci es
Four-Year Schools
Bemidji, MN
Northfield, MN
Moorhead, MN
Mankato, MN
St. Cloud, MN
Crookston, MN
Duluth, MN
Morris, MN
Rochester, MN
Minneapolis, MNSt. Paul, MN
Enrollment–Spring 2010*Loca on
6,5621,9362,777
16,85620,479
1,264
9,794
1,507
387
45,881
Schools with Two-Yearand Four-Year Programs
Enrollment–Spring 2010*Loca on
Winona State University Winona, MN 9,388
Appendix 1Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2010 College Student Health Survey
45
Average Age (Years)
Age Range (Years)
18-24 Years
25 Years or Older
Average GPA
Undergraduate–Enrolled One Year
Undergraduate–Enrolled Two Years
Undergraduate–Enrolled Three Years
Undergraduate–Enrolled Four Years
Undergraduate–Enrolled Five or More Years
Masters, Graduate, or Professional Program
Unspecified
Male
Female
Transgender/Other
Unspecified
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian/Pacific Islander
Black–Not Hispanic
Latino/Hispanic
White–Not Hispanic (Includes Middle Eastern)
Other
Residence Hall or Fraternity/Sorority
Other
Gender
Class Status
Ethnic Origin
Current Residence
18-53
87.1%
12.9%
3.21
16.3%
17.4%
19.6%
17.9%
10.9%
12.4%
44.2%
55.5%
0.1%
0.2%
21.9
1.8%
6.1%
1.3%
1.7%
90.3%
2.0%
26.4%
5.5%
73.6%
All Students
46 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
Appendix 2University of Minnesota–Duluth Survey Demographics Based on Student Response
47Glossary
Glossary
Current Alcohol UseAnyalcoholusewithinthepast30days.
Current Credit Card DebtAnyunpaidbalanceattheendofthepastmonth.
Current Marijuana UseAnymarijuanausewithinthepast30days.
Current Tobacco UseAnyuseoftobaccointhepast30days.Tobaccouseincludesbothsmokingandsmokelesstobacco.
High Credit Card DebtAmonthlydebtof$3,000ormore.
High-Risk DrinkingConsumptionoffiveormorealcoholdrinksatonesittingwithinthepasttwoweeksforbothmalesandfemales.Adrinkisdefinedasabottleofbeer,winecooler,glassofwine,shotglassofliquor,ormixeddrink.
Past-12-Month Alcohol UseAnyalcoholusewithinthepastyear.
Past-12-Month Marijuana UseAnymarijuanausewithinthepastyear.
48 Health and Health-Related BehaviorsUniversityofMinnesota–DuluthStudents
49References
References
1. CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.(2008).Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [surveydata].Atlanta,GA:U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.RetrievedApril2,2010, fromhttp://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/brfss.2. HeymanKM,BarnesPM,SchillerJS.(2010). Early release of selected estimates based on data from the January-September 2009 National Health Interview Survey.Hyattsville,MD:NationalCenterfor HealthStatistics.RetrievedApril2,2010,fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.3. U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.(2000). Healthy People 2010: Understanding and improving health.2nded.Washington,DC:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice.4. SnyderTD,DillowSA,HoffmanCM.(2009).Digest of education statistics 2008(NCES2009-020). WashingtonDC:NationalCenterforEducationStatistics,InstituteofEducationSciences,U.S. DepartmentofEducation.5. HarvardSchoolofMedicine.(2007).National Comorbidity Survey-Replication[surveydata]. RetrievedApril2,2010,fromhttp://www.hcp.med.harvard.edu/ncs/index.php.6. SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration.(2009).Results from the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings(NSDUHSeriesH-36,DHHSPublicationNo.SMA 09-4434).Rockville,MD:OfficeofAppliedStudies.7. JohnstonLD,O’MalleyPM,BachmanJG,SchulenbergJE.(2009).Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2008. Vol. II: College students and adults ages 19-45(NIH PublicationNo.09-7403).Bethesda,MD:NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse.8. CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.(2006,October27).Tobaccouseamongadults–United States,2005.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 5(42),1145-1148.9. HalperinAC.(2002,March).State of the union: Smoking on US college campuses. A report for the American Legacy Foundation.Washington,DC.(unpublished,internalreport).10.TjadenP,ThoennesN.(2006).Extent, nature, and consequences of rape victimization: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey(ReportNCJ210346).Washington,DC:National InstituteofJustice.11.FischerBS,CullenFT,TurnerMG.(2000).The sexual victimization of college women (ReportNCJ 182369).Washington,DC:NationalInstituteofJustice.12.SallieMae.(2009).How undergraduate students use credit cards. Sallie Mae’s national study of usage rates and trends 2009.RetrievedApril2,2010,fromhttp:// www.salliemae.com/NR/rdonlyres/0BD600F1-9377-46EA-AB1F-6061FC763246/10744/ SLMCreditCardUsageStudy41309FINAL2.pdf.13.LaBrieRA,ShafferHJ,LaPlantDA,WechslerH.(2003).Correlatesofcollegestudentgamblinginthe UnitedStates.Journal of American College Health, 52(2),53-62.14.NiemeierHM,RaynorHA,Lloyd-RichardsonEE,RogersML,WingRR.(2006).Fastfoodconsumption andbreakfastskipping:Predictorsofweightgainfromadolescencetoadulthoodinanationally representativesample.Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(6),842-849.15.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.(2007).About BMI for adults.RetrievedApril2,2010, fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/adult_BMI/about_adult_BMI.htm#Interpreted.16.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.(2008).Physical activity for everyone.Retrieved April2,2010,fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/everyone/recommendations/.17.MosherWD,ChandraA,JonesJ.(2005).Sexual behavior and selected health measures: Men and women 15-44 years of age, United States, 2002. Advance data from vital and health statistics(No. 362).Hyattsville,MD:NationalCenterforHealthStatistics.18.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.(2009,November).Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2008.Atlanta,GA:U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices.Retrieved April2,2010,fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/std/stats08/main.htm.19.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.(2006,June9).Youthriskbehaviorsurveillance–United States,2005.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 55(SS-5),1-108.
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Co-Investigators
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Publication Coordinator/Editor
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Designer
AmyBartkusBoyntonHealthService(612)624-0911•abartkus@bhs.umn.edu
Published November 2010
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