unit 7

Unit 7

Support PPT for Sadlier-Oxford’s Vocabulary Workshop

Level C

WORD ATTACK!!!

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Roots you will encounter in this unit:• -doct- (Latin) meaning learned, skilled (related to

teachings)• doctrine

• exo- (Greek combining form) meaning outer, outside• exotic

• -junct- (Latin) meaning join• juncture

• -trib- (Latin) meaning assign, classify; pay, bestow• attribute

Prefixes you will encounter in this unit:• at- (Latin) meaning attend

• attribute • be- (ME) meaning to make, cause to become

• belittle• ex- (Latin) meaning out

• excise• con- (Latin) meaning together, with

• convey• un- (OE) meaning not

• unassuming

Adjective-forming suffixes you will encounter in this unit:• -al (Latin) meaning that which; characterized by

•menial • -ic (Greek) meaning having some

characteristics of •exotic

• -ory (Latin) used to form Latin nouns and verbs into adjectives

•predatory• -y (OE) meaning characterized by

• jaunty

Verb-forming suffixes you will encounter in this unit:• -le (Middle English) used with actions that

have a repeating quality• belittle

• -ise (Latin) to render, make; to convert into• excise

acme(noun) the highest point

– The acme of Mr. Filbert’s career came when he was named “Man of the Year” by the Tucson Chamber of Commerce.

SYNONYM: summit, top, peak, pinnacle

ANTONYM: low point, bottom, nadir

Ah, the irony!!!

Photo source: www.chroniclebooks.com

attribute• MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! PAY ATTENTION TO THE

PRONUNCIATION!!!• (noun) [a-truh-byoot] upbringing, training, rearing

• For anyone who plans to pursue a career as a radio announcer, a clear speaking voice is an essential attribute.

• (v.) [uh-trib-yoot] to bring up, care for, train, nourish• John attributes his keen interest in the sea to his being a descendent

of the great naval hero John Paul Jones. SYNONYM: (v.) raise, rear, fosterANTONYM: (v.) neglect, ignore, discourage, hinderWORD ATTACK!!• at- (Latin) meaning attend• -trib- (Latin) meaning assign, classify; pay, bestowWORD FAMILIES!!• attribution tribute contribute• retribution tributary

belittle• (v.) to make something appear smaller than it is; to

refer to in a way that suggests lack of importance or value

– If you belittle a child in front of his friends, the humiliation associated with the experience will be far worse.

SYNONYNS: minimize, underrate, disparageANTONYNS: exaggerate, magnify, overestimate

WORD ATTACK!be- (ME) meaning to make, cause to become

convey(v.) to transport; to transmit; to communicate, make

known; to transfer ownership or title to– Please convey our condolences to Mrs.

Jefferson on the death of her husband, Otto. SYNONYNS: carry, send, impartWORD ATTACK!

• con- (Latin) meaning together• via (Latin) meaning way

WORD FAMILIES:• conveyor• conveyance

Image source:http://www.boston.com/news/local/gallery/0112_newneccos/

Sweetheart “Conversation Hearts” are dropping off a conveyor belt and into a tank.

doctrine(noun) a belief, principle, or

teaching; a system of such beliefs or principles; a formulation of such beliefs or principles

• It is important for Confirmation candidates to have a strong understanding of Catholic doctrine.

Photo sources: www.usccb.org; www.osv.com

exciseMULTIPLE USAGE /MEANING ALERT! PAY ATTENTION TO

THE PRONUNCIATION!!! BEWARE!!! MEANINGS ARE UNRELATED!

• (v.) [ek-sīz] to remove by cutting• Doctor Futz excised a pendulous excrescence from the

nose of Mr. Wattle.• (noun) [ek-sīz] an indirect tax on the manufacture, sale, or

distribution or a commodity or service• A significant excise is placed on gasoline at the pump,

raising its price beyond the actual cost of the oil itself.SYNONYM: (v.) cut out, delete, expungeANTONYM: (v.) put in, insert, interpolateWORD ATTACK!• ex- (Latin) meaning out• -ise (Latin) to render, make; to convert into

exotic• (adj.) foreign; charmingly

unfamiliar or strikingly unusual• Exotic plants like orchids

grow best in greenhouses.SYNONYMS: strange, alien,

picturesque, colorfulANTONYMS: native, indigenous,

familiar, commonplaceWORD ATTACK!

• exo- (Greek combining form) meaning outer, outside

• -ic (Greek) meaning having some characteristics of

Photo sources: fleurieflowers.com; symbianize.com; wricmumbai.org

haggard(adj.) thin, pale, and careworn as a result of worry or suffering; wild-looking

– President Lincoln’s haggard expression attests to the heavy burden the Civil War placed upon him.

SYNONYM S: drawn, gaunt, wastedANTONYMS: healthy, glowing, radiant,

hale and heartyWORD FAMILIES!

• hag …Yes, hag. The etymological source of haggard is, in fact, hag. A hag is

defined as an ugly old woman, a witch or shrew. To appear haggard, literally, is to a look like a hag, but the word has come to mean having a care-worn look. As such, even _________ (fill in the blank with your idea of a beautiful person here) is capable of looking haggard.

Photo soucre: facesofthecivilwar.blogspot.com

jaunty• (adj.) lively, easy, and carefree in manner; smart or trim in

appearance• Teddy is a snappy dresser, preferring casual, jaunty

styles to stodgy ones.• SYNONYMS: unconcerned, lighthearted• ANTONYMS: downcast, dejected, glumWORD ATTACK!

-y (OE) meaning characterized by

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ETYMOLOGY!!!Jaunty is related to the Old French word gentil, meaning gentle or noble, behavior associated with the gentry or nobility. This makes sense: Those high in society have always placed great importance upon appearances.

juncture(noun) a joining together; the point at which two

things are joined; any important point in time• At this juncture, police officials are unwilling to reveal

any further details about the suspect they are holding for the recent string of bank robberies in the Tucson area.

SYNONYM: union, seam, joint, turning pointWORD ATTACK!

• -junct- (Latin) meaning joinWORD FAMILIES!

• junction• conjunction• injunction

menialMULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (adj.) lowly, humble, lacking importance or dignity

• Though Catholic Social Teaching disavows such actions, many cultures assign menial tasks to women and those of the lowest social status.

(noun) a person who does the humble and unpleasant tasks• Poorly educated people have few options other than to take

jobs as low-paid menials.SYNONYMS: (noun) underling, scullion, servantANTONYMS: (adj.) lofty, elevated; (noun) boss, masterETYMOLOGY!!!

Menial is related to the archaic (meaning long out-of-date) word meiny [mey-nee], which means household, followers, or attendants. The connection makes sense. All of these words seem to point to the underlings of a household, and as such, those most likely to be assigned the lowly tasks.

parry

MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (v.) to ward off, fend off, deflect, evade, avoid

• Although Ferdie parried a few of Henry’s blows, eventually the big galoot landed a shot right in Ferdie’s kisser.

(noun) a defensive movement in fencing and other sports• Ferdie’s parry deflected Henry’s first punch, but

a round-house slug put Ferdie on his caboose.

Graphic source: www.phocabulary.com

predatory(adj.) preying on, plundering, or piratical

– Since I always remember to pack myself a good lunch before heading off to school, I resent my twin brother Geoffrey’s predatory behavior in the lunch room when he forgets to bring something for himself.

• SYNONYMS: looting, pillaging, ravenous, rapacious

Photo source: www.michaelnorthrop.net

WORD ATTACK! • -ory (Latin) used to form Latin nouns and verbs into adjectivesWORD FAMILIES!• predator

ravage

MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (v.) to destroy, to lay waste, ruin

• Wildfires ravaged Cochise County last summer, leaving the landscape scarred and many Sierra Vista residents homeless.

(noun) ruinous damage, destruction• After decades of sun exposure, the ravages of

time could be seen on her deeply wrinkled face.SYNONYM: (v.) wreck, devastateANTONYMS: (v.) spare

Image source: http://morrisonworldnews.com/?p=51105

stance(noun) a way of holding the

body; an attitude or position on an issue– The batter’s firm stance at the

plate gave him both balance and leverage against the pitcher’s wicked fast balls.

– Congressman Wickham’s stance on the immigration issue offends many of his constituents.

SYNONYM: posture, bearing

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tawdry• (adj.) showy and flashy but lacking in good taste

• Designer clothing is thought to be the height of fashion, but often the styles are downright tawdry.

• SYNONYMS: loud, garish, gaudy, tacky, vulgar• ANTONYMS: refined, tasteful, subdued, muted

Photo source: sodahead.com; collegefashion.net; chicmenclothes.com

turncoat(noun) a person who switches to an

opposing side or party• Benedict Arnold will be

remembered in American history as a turncoat, a traitor who donned the infamous red coat in service to the Crown.

SYNONYM: traitor, quisling, renegade

ANTONYM: loyalist, diehard

tesco.com; ushistory.org

unassuming(adj.) not putting on airs, unpretentious; modest

• Although Angie is a talented musician, a gifted scholar, and a strikingly beautiful young lady, she has an unassuming manner that makes her well-liked by all.

ANTONYMS: conceited, pretentious, arrogantWORD ATTACK! • un- (Latin) meaning not• -ing Wait a minute…. You’re saying –ing will get me an

adjective? Not a verb? Yes, both –ing and –ed might be adjective signals. Both of these suffixes create participles, words that are verb forms but can be used as modifiers. Always examine the USAGE of a word before making a presumption regarding its part of speech.

wallow

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MULTIPLE USAGE ALERT! (v.) to roll about in a lazy, clumsy, or helpless way; to

overindulge in; to have in abundance• Every once in a while, Miss Priss wallows in

some imagined misery and throws herself a little pity party.

(noun) a wet, muddy, or dusty area used by animals as a sort of bath; a state of moral or physical collapse

• The wallow for the rhinoceroses at the Reid Park Zoo must be watered regularly to keep it muddy.

SYNONYM: (v.) delight in, bask in

waver(v.) to move to and fro, become unsteady; to

show lack or firmness or decision• There is no point in arguing with Mom

because once she makes a decision, she simply will not waver.

SYNONYNS: hesitate, falter

ANTONYNS: stand firm, be resolute

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