unit 5: learning (behaviorism) essential task: distinguish general differences between principles of...
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Unit 5: Learning (Behaviorism)
Essential Task: Distinguish general differences between
principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and
observational learning.
WHS AP Psychology
Learning The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior
Classical ConditioningThe type of learning in
which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes to be
elicited by a different formally neutral stimulus
Operant ConditioningThe type of learning in which behaviors are emitted to earn rewards or avoid punishments
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
The type of learning in which behaviors are learned by observing a model
Pavlov and Watson B.F. Skinner Albert Bandura
UCS, UCR, CS, CRReinforcement and
PunishmentModeling and Vicarious
Learning
We are here
Essential Task Outline:
• 3 Types of Learning– Classical Conditioning
• Definition• Key Terms• Key Psychologists
– Operate Conditioning• Definition• Key Terms• Key Psychologists
– Social Cognitive Learning Theory• Definition• Key Terms• Key Psychologists
Classical Conditioning
• Book definition: The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes to be elicited by a different formally neutral stimulus.
• Working definition: – Type of learning that happens TO someone– Person learns to respond to a stimulus.– Previously the stimulus meant nothing. – Now it means something IS ABOUT TO
HAPPEN.Outline
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Phobias
After the attacks, cats become a warning stimulus for pain causing fear
when the child sees cats.
After this botched photo, 6 ft bunny becomes warning stimulus for
someone trying to capture you.
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Taste Aversion
After throwing up a food, it becomes a warning stimulus
for getting sick.
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Using Sex to Sell
Advertisers pair their product with sexual imagery hoping that the product will
become a ‘promising stimulus’ for sexual arousal. Hopefully this connection makes
you grab their product off the self .
Examples of Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning Key Terms
Book Definitions• Unconditioned Stimulus (US) – A stimulus that
invariably causes an organism to responds in a specific way
• Unconditioned Response (UR) – A response that takes place in an organisms whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs
• Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – An originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus an eventually produces the desired response in an organism when presented alone.
• Conditioned Response (CR) – After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented.
Key Psychologists
• Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.
Key Psychologists
• John B. Watson
Operant Conditioning
• Book definition: The type of learning in which behaviors are emitted to earn rewards or avoid punishments
• Working definition: – Type of learning that happens BECAUSE
SOMEONE OPERATES ON THE ENVIRONMENT
– You learn to do things to earn rewards and to avoid punishment
Examples of operant conditioning
Working
You go to work to get rewarded by a
paycheck
Examples of operant conditioning
Coming home by curfew
You come home by curfew to avoid getting yelled at.
Examples of operant conditioning
Superstitious Behavior
You do things you know have no real impact on
reality because that one time you did it, the team
won.
Examples of operant conditioning
Going to school.
You take challenging courses,
do lots of work so that you can. . . ?
Key Terms in Operant Conditioning
• Reinforcer– A stimulus or event that follows a behavior
and makes that behavior more likely to occur again
– Two types (positive and negative)
• Punisher– A stimulus or event that follows a behavior
and makes that behavior less likely to occur again
Key Psychologist
• B.F. Skinner
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
• Book definition: The type of learning in which behaviors are learned by observing a model
• Working definition: – Type of learning that happens just by
watching.
Outline
Examples of Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Video Games
By watching hours of people shoot each other, gamers learn more
aggressive behaviors.
Examples of Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Gender Roles
By watching parents and society, we learn our gender roles.
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